235 research outputs found
Does Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt Correlation or Freedman-Clauser Correlation lead to the largest violation of Bell's Inequality?
An inequality is deduced from Einstein's locality and a supplementary
assumption. This inequality defines an experiment which can actually be
performed with present technology to test local realism. Quantum mechanics
violate this inequality a factor of 1.5. In contrast, quantum mechanics
violates previous inequalities (for example, Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt
inequality of 1969, Freedman-Clauser inequality of 1972, Clauser-Horne
inequality of 1974) by a factor of . Thus the magnitude of violation
of the inequality derived in this paper is approximately larger than
the magnitude of violation of previous inequalities. This result can be
particularly important for the experimental test of locality.Comment: 15 pages, LaTeX file, no figure
Intravenous Paracetamol Versus Patient-Controlled Analgesia With Morphine for the Pain Management Following Diagnostic Knee Arthroscopy in Trauma Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Background: Most patients undergoing outpatient surgeries have the unpleasant experience of high level pain after surgery. Compared with open surgeries, arthroscopic procedures are less painful; however, inadequate pain management could be associated with significant concerns. Opioids alone or in combination with local anesthetics are frequently used for diminishing postoperative pain using intravenous or epidural infusion pumps. Despite morphine various disadvantages, it is commonly used for controlling pain after surgery.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare intravenous paracetamol and patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with morphine for the pain management following diagnostic knee arthroscopy in trauma patients.
Patients and Methods: Sixty trauma patients who were scheduled to undergo knee arthroscopy were randomly divided into two groups. Patients immediately received intravenous infusion of 1 g paracetamol within 15 minutes after surgery and every 6 hours to 24 hours in the paracetamol group. The patient-controlled analgesia group received morphine through PCA infusion pump at 2 mL/h base rate and 1mL bolus every 15 minutes. Pain level, nausea and vomiting, and sedation were measured and recorded during entering the recovery, 15 and 30 minutes after entering the recovery, 2, 6, and 24 hours after starting morphine pump infusion in the morphine and paracetamol in the paracetamol groups.
Results: There was no significant difference regarding the pain level at different times after entering the recovery between the two groups. No one from the paracetamol group developed drug complications. However, 22.3% in the PCA morphine suffered from postoperative nausea; there was a statistically significant difference regarding the sedation level, nausea, and vomiting at various times between the two groups.
Conclusions: Intravenous administration of paracetamol immediately after knee arthroscopy improved postoperative pain, decreased analgesic administration, maintained stable hemodynamic parameters, had no complications related to opiates, no nausea and vomiting, and increased patient satisfaction and comfort in comparison to PCA with morphine
Optimal eavesdropping in quantum cryptography with six states
A generalization of the quantum cryptographic protocol by Bennett and
Brassard is discussed, using three conjugate bases, i.e. six states. By
calculating the optimal mutual information between sender and eavesdropper it
is shown that this scheme is safer against eavesdropping on single qubits than
the one based on two conjugate bases. We also address the question for a
connection between the maximal classical correlation in a generalized Bell
inequality and the intersection of mutual informations between sender/receiver
and sender/eavesdropper.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur
Do all pure entangled states violate Bell's inequalities for correlation functions?
Any pure entangled state of two particles violates a Bell inequality for
two-particle correlation functions (Gisin's theorem). We show that there exist
pure entangled N>2 qubit states that do not violate any Bell inequality for N
particle correlation functions for experiments involving two dichotomic
observables per local measuring station. We also find that
Mermin-Ardehali-Belinskii-Klyshko inequalities may not always be optimal for
refutation of local realistic description.Comment: 4 pages, journal versio
Deterministic secure direct communication using GHZ states and swapping quantum entanglement
We present a deterministic secure direct communication scheme via
entanglement swapping, where a set of ordered maximally entangled
three-particle states (GHZ states), initially shared by three spatially
separated parties, Alice, Bob and Charlie, functions as a quantum information
channel. After ensuring the safety of the quantum channel, Alice and Bob apply
a series local operations on their respective particles according to the
tripartite stipulation and the secret message they both want to send to
Charlie. By three Alice, Bob and Charlie's Bell measurement results, Charlie is
able to infer the secret messages directly. The secret messages are faithfully
transmitted from Alice and Bob to Charlie via initially shared pairs of GHZ
states without revealing any information to a potential eavesdropper. Since
there is not a transmission of the qubits carrying the secret message between
any two of them in the public channel, it is completely secure for direct
secret communication if perfect quantum channel is used.Comment: 9 pages, no figur
All multipartite Bell correlation inequalities for two dichotomic observables per site
We construct a set of 2^(2^n) independent Bell correlation inequalities for
n-partite systems with two dichotomic observables each, which is complete in
the sense that the inequalities are satisfied if and only if the correlations
considered allow a local classical model. All these inequalities can be
summarized in a single, albeit non-linear inequality. We show that quantum
correlations satisfy this condition provided the state has positive partial
transpose with respect to any grouping of the n systems into two subsystems. We
also provide an efficient algorithm for finding the maximal quantum mechanical
violation of each inequality, and show that the maximum is always attained for
the generalized GHZ state.Comment: 11 pages, REVTe
Constraints on chiral operators in N=2 SCFTs
Open Access, © The Authors. Article funded by SCOAP3.
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons
Attribution License (
CC-BY 4.0
), which permits any use, distribution and reproduction in
any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited
Electrically conductive nanomaterials for cardiac tissue engineering
© 2019 Elsevier B.V. Patient deaths resulting from cardiovascular diseases are increasing across the globe, posing the greatest risk to patients in developed countries. Myocardial infarction, as a result of inadequate blood flow to the myocardium, results in irreversible loss of cardiomyocytes which can lead to heart failure. A sequela of myocardial infarction is scar formation that can alter the normal myocardial architecture and result in arrhythmias. Over the past decade, a myriad of tissue engineering approaches has been developed to fabricate engineered scaffolds for repairing cardiac tissue. This paper highlights the recent application of electrically conductive nanomaterials (carbon and gold-based nanomaterials, and electroactive polymers) to the development of scaffolds for cardiac tissue engineering. Moreover, this work summarizes the effects of these nanomaterials on cardiac cell behavior such as proliferation and migration, as well as cardiomyogenic differentiation in stem cells
Bell's theorem for general N-qubit states
We derive a single general Bell inequality which is a necessary and
sufficient condition for the correlation function for N particles to be
describable in a local and realistic picture, for the case in which
measurements on each particle can be chosen between two arbitrary dichotomic
observables. We also derive a necessary and sufficient condition for an
arbitrary N-qubit mixed state to violate this inequality. This condition is a
generalization and reformulation of the Horodeccy family condition for two
qubits.Comment: 4 pages, journal versio
An Unorthodox Introduction to QCD
These are lecture notes presented at the 2017 CTEQ Summer School at the
University of Pittsburgh and the 2018 CTEQ Summer School at the University of
Puerto Rico, Mayaguez. The title is a reference to hep-th/0309149 and
introduces perturbative QCD and its application to jet substructure from a
bottom-up perspective based on the approximation of QCD as a weakly-coupled,
conformal field theory. Using this approach, a simple derivation of the Sudakov
form factor with soft gluon emission modeled as a Poisson process is presented.
Topics of the identification and discrimination of quark- versus
gluon-initiated jets and jet grooming are also discussed.Comment: 16 pages, 18 figures. Comments welcome!, v2: updated to include both
lectures from the 2018 CTEQ schoo
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