Moderate mental retardation with behavior disorder in cerebral palsy: a case report

Mental retardation (MR) is a condition where the cessation of mental development occurs or is incomplete, mainly marked by the disruption of skill during development, affecting intelligence (cognitive, language, motor, and social abilities). Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of motoric and physical posture development disorders caused by cerebral development impairment. Children with MR frequently have a co-occuring CP. In this case report, a 6 years old girl consulted to the psychiatric department because of emotional irritability. The patient was seen limping on one side, screaming, moving everywhere, uncooperative, imperfect sentence, not able to draw well and would scream in anger if not get what she wants. Since birth, she has weakness on her left side of the body, has a gross motor delay, still unable to take off her clothes. The patient was born through vaginal delivery at 8 months gestational age with premature rupture of membrane, cried spontaneously. During the pregnancy, the mother had routine antenatal care from the midwife and was said to be fine. The patient was diagnosed with moderate mental retardation with a significant behavioral disorder that requires attention or therapy. Pharmacological therapy of risperidone 0.3 milligram, vitamin B6 10 milligram, and folic acid 1 milligram all are taken once daily oral. MR can have a co-occuring CP and need to be treated. The treatment should consist of mental and physical therapy, as well as rehabilitation

An aspect of personality disorder in substance use disorder

Substance use disorder (SUD) remains a health problem for a long time and the number of substance abuse was relatively the same every year. The prevalence of substance abuse in Indonesia in 2011 is about 2.23%, it was slightly decreased in 2014 become 2.18% and 1.77% in 2017. However, the prevalence was increased again in 2019 become 1.80%. Previous studies had shown a strong association between personality disorder (PD) and SUD. The result of the national comorbidity survey replication by Glantz et al in the United States (US) found that patients with PD tend to experience SUD (odd ratio=4.9). All types of PD had been reported in the patients with SUD, but antisocial and borderline personality disorder was the most commonly found. Antisocial, borderline, and paranoid personalities had a positive association with SUD, meanwhile, obsessive-compulsive personalities had a negative association with SUD

Customer Satisfaction and Behavioral Intentions in Tourism: A Literature Review

Purpose: The relationship between customer satisfaction and behavioral intentions in tourism has drawn significant attention for both practitioners and academicians as it is the key factor in winning market share in the tourism industry. The aim of this paper is to present a systematic research of the literature on the topic of customer satisfaction and behavioral intentions in tourism, highlighting the role of both the antecedents and the consequences of satisfaction that have been included in previous research. Methodology: The systematic literature review (SLR) of articles that have been published related to customer satisfaction and behavioral intention in tourism from various journals from 1990 up to 2018. Findings: The result of this study revealed that service quality is the most important antecedents of satisfaction in tourism. Meanwhile, the consequences are mainly characterized by loyalty. Nevertheless, the relationship between customer satisfaction and loyalty does not seem always so linear, as there are customers who revisit to the tourist destination, while others prefer to visit to new destinations despite, they were satisfied Practical implications: It is expected that this study will provide a better understanding of satisfaction towards a tourist destination, so marketing strategy can be composed and implemented in order to increase tourist satisfaction. This article can be as reference for future studies on satisfaction and customer behavioral intentions in tourism

Supply Chain Strategy in Tourism Industry for Antecedents and Consequences of Foreign Tourists Shopping Satisfaction on Revisit Intention at Traditional Souvenir Market

Abstract. The paper aims to investigate the possible relationship between tourism supply chain and strategic partnership, read as a way to reduce and better manage the complexity in tourism industry. The previous studies on satisfaction in tourism have attracted the attention of practitioners and academicians, but its consequences on tourists revisit intention at traditional retail has not been widely carried out. This study aims to explain the factors that influence satisfaction as well as its consequences on revisit intention of tourists at the traditional souvenir market in Bali through the supply chain management (SCM) system. In addition, it also explained the role of sources of WOM (offline and online) as a moderator of the relationship between service quality and product quality towards tourist satisfaction. A survey was conducted from foreign tourists who visited and experienced to shop souvenirs at the traditional market in Bali. The data were analyzed using the SEM-PLS approach. This study revealed that SCM had a positive and significant effect on trust, satisfaction, and revisit intention. Product and service quality had a positive and significant effect on trust, satisfaction, and revisit intention. Trust had a positive and significant effect on satisfaction and revisit intention. Satisfaction had positive and significant effect on revisit intention. However, the source of WOM (offline and online) did not significantly moderate the effect of service quality and product quality towards satisfaction. This study proved product quality was the most influential factor impacting satisfaction. The ability to maintain consistency of service quality and product quality were very important factors in creating tourists trust, satisfaction and revisit intention. Finally, this model is expected to contribute in determining the SCM that influence tourist satisfaction at souvenir traditional market

Psychiatric Assistance at Cataract Juvenile

Background: Psychiatric assistance is required in the integrated handling of physical health disorders in the field of other disciplines known as CLP. A collaborative approach to the field of psychiatry with other scientific disciplines in accordance with WHO health criteria that includes physical and mental health for improving health and quality of life. Case presentation: A boy, 8 years, was consulted from the Ophthalmology Department with Right eye cataract juvenile, and left eye ptisis bulbi to give pre-operative psychological assistance for eye assessment and diagnostics. Patient also complained the blurred vision since last year and cannot see anything since 10 months ago. The current condition represents the patient cannot speak, often screams, likes to injure his head and scratch his face. Patients treated in the pediatric’s ward with global developmental delay. Patients were also consulted to the child psychiatry section with childhood autism, audiology, nutrition and metabolic diseases of children, pediatric neurology, and finally collaboration with the Surabaya City Health Office for a follow-up management plan. Conclusions: Child psychiatrist as a liaison, interacting with multidisciplinary medical or rehabilitation teams, families, schools, community and local city government are beneficial in the management of child disorders and improving family wellbeing

Pemberian Stimulasi Selama satu Jam Pada Perkembangan Anak Usia 12-24 Bulan

Pendahuluan: Stimulasi mempunyai peran penting untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak, terutama fungsi kognitif, afektif dan psikomotor. Stimulasi yang terus menerus mengakibatkan hubungan antar sel otak (sinapsis) bisa berjalan dengan baik. Kurangnya stimulasi akan mengakibatkan hilangnya fungsi sel-sel otak ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian stimulasi selama 1 jam pada perkembangan anak usia 12-24 bulan. Metode: Penelitian dilakukan secara analitik prospektif kohort pada anak usia 12-24 bulan di Kecamatan Gubeng, Surabaya, mulai bulan September 2008 hingga Februari 2009. Tujuh puluh anak sehat secara acak dibagi dalam 2 kelompok, kelompok stimulasi dan kelompok kontrol. Denver II digunakan untuk menilai status perkembangan anak, sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Analisis data menggunakan uji McNemar dan Chi Square. Hasil: Didapatkan perbaikan perkembangan pada kedua kelompok, dari 85,7% menjadi 94,3% pada kelompok stimulasi, dan 68,6% menjadi 77,1% pada kelompok kontrol. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada kemampuan perkembangan, hanya 10% tidak mengalami keterlambatan pada kelompok stimulasi, sedangkan kelompok kontrol 30% (p=0,042). Setelah 3 bulan, terjadi peningkatan perkembangan pada kelompok stimulasi dari subyek yang suspek menjadi normal sebesar 80%, dan kelompok kontrol sebesar 63,6%, tetapi tidak bermakna (p=0,375 vs p=0,549). Simpulan: Pemberian stimulasi satu jam meningkatkan kemampuan perkembangan anak usia 12-24 bulan

Uji Validitas Dan Reliabilitas Conduct Disorder Rating Scale (Cdrs)- Parent Dan Conduct Disorder Rating Scale (Cdrs)-Teacher Versi Indonesia Sebagai Alat Skrining Gangguan Tingkah Laku Pada Anak Sekolah Dasar

Latar belakang: Gangguan Tingkah Laku (GTL) sering dijumpai pada anak dan remaja dan empat kali lebih tinggi untuk timbulnya psikopatologi gangguan mental pada masa dewasa. Prevalensi GTL pada anak di Amerika Serikat sebesar 9,5%. Diagnosis GTL sangat penting dilakukan sedini mungkin. Untuk itu perlu dikembangkan Instrumen yang mudah dan efektif sebagai alat skrining awal GTL yang dapat dilakukan orang tua dan guru pada anak sekolah. CDRS for parent and teacher sebagai rating scale yang valid dan reliable, singkat, efektif, dan konten sesuai DSM-IV perlu diadopsi ke versi Indonesia, yang merupakan kuisioner singkat mengenai perilaku anak usia 5-12 tahun. Tujuan: Menganalisis validitas dan reliabilitas Conduct Disorder Rating Scale for parent and teacher sebagai alat skrining pada populasi anak di Surabaya untuk deteksi dini kasus GTL. Metode: Jenis penelitian deskriptif observasional dengan desain cross sectional, cluster random sampling dibagi dalam 2 kelompok. Orang tua dan guru akan menilai anak Sekolah Dasar di Surabaya menggunakan kuesioner CDRS for parent and teacher yang telah diterjemahkan ke versi Indonesia. Konfirmasi diagnosis GTL pada anak yang tergolong kasus dideteksi oleh psikiater konsultan. Hasil: Nilai AUC CDRS-parent dan CDRS-teacher adalah 0,951 dan 0,888; nilai cut off value 2,5 dan 1,5; nilai sensitivitas 96,97% dan 85%; nilai spesifitas 89,95% dan 75%; nilai PPV 47,6% dan 24,35%; nilai NPV 99,68% dan 98,12%; nilai cronbach’s alpha 0,771 dan 0,740. Simpulan: CDRS-parent dan CDRS-teacher versi Indonesia merupakan instrumen yang valid dan reliable sebagai alat skrining Gangguan Tingkah Laku pada anak

ANGKA KEJADIAN DEPRESI PADA LANSIA DI PANTI TRESNA WERDHA WANA SERAYA DENPASAR BALI TAHUN 2013

Penurunan fungsi fisiologis pada lansia sering menyebabkan terjadinya  berbagai masalah  psikososiogeriatri.  Lansia  memiliki  resiko  yang  tinggi untuk mengalamidepresi. Depresi dapat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, baik internal ataupun eksternal.Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui jumlah lansia yang mengalami depresi sertafaktor – faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya depresi pada lansia di Panti  SosialTresna Werdha Wana Seraya.Dalam penelitian ini digunakan metode non-eksperimental, cross sectional. Sampelpenelitian berjumlah 15 orang. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian iniadalah Geriatric Depression Scale.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada kelompok usia 60 – 70 tahun terdapat 1 orang lansiayang mengalami depresi (16,6 %). Pada kelompok usia 71 - 80 tahun tidak terdapat lansiayang mengalami depresi. Pada kelompok jenis kelamin perempuan  terdapat 1 oranglansia (9%) yang mengalami depresi. Pada jenis kelamin laki-laki tidak terdapat lansiayang mengalai  depresi.  Berdasarkan  gangguan  kejiwaan  dan  penyakit  yang mendasari, masing – masing terdapat 1 orang lansia (100%) yang mengalami depresi.Dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat  berbagai  faktor  yang  mempengaruhi  terjadinya depresi  pada lansia, yaitu usia, jenis kelamin, gangguan jiwa yang menyertai danpenyakit lainnya yang mendasari. Depresi cenderung terjadi pada usia yang lebih mudadan jenis kelamin perempuan. Lansia yang mengalami depresi juga dapat mengalamigangguan kejiwaan lain yang menyertai ataupun penyakit lain yang mendasari. <br /

Depression due to loss of a parent in a child with HIV: Case report

HIV-infected and HIV-affected children experience grief from the death of their family, many caregiver transitions, and the potentially traumatic experience of living under stigma. Boy patient, 9 years old, Hindu, Balinese, single, not working, was consulted from the pediatric department and admitted in the Cempaka room of Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah on April 6, 2023. From auto-anamnesis, he has a depressive mood, loss of interest and excitement, weight loss, fatigue or loss of energy, insomnia, psychomotor agitation, or retardation. The patient was diagnosed with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in 2014 when he was a year and six months old. The patient lost his father in February 2023. The patient experienced depression caused by psychosocial stressors because of the loss of his father and was diagnosed with HIV. HIV-infected children are prone to get depression. One of the psychosocial stressors experienced by children with HIV is the prolonged mourning process due to the loss of a family member. Comprehensive treatment is needed in the form of psychopharmacology and psychotherapy. Family support is the most important thing in relieving symptoms of depression and increasing medication adherence