Relativistic Approximate Solutions for a Two-Term Potential: Riemann-Type Equation

Approximate analytical solutions of a two-term potential are studied for the relativistic wave equations, namely, for the Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations. The results are obtained by solving of a Riemann-type equation whose solution can be written in terms of hypergeometric function \,_{2}F_{1}(a,b;c;z). The energy eigenvalue equations and the corresponding normalized wave functions are given both for two wave equations. The results for some special cases including the Manning-Rosen potential, the Hulth\'{e}n potential and the Coulomb potential are also discussed by setting the parameters as required.Comment: 6 page

Solution of Effective-Mass Dirac Equation with Scalar-Vector and Pseudoscalar Terms for Generalized Hulth\'en Potential

We find the exact bound-state solutions and normalization constant for the Dirac equation with scalar-vector-pseudoscalar interaction terms for the generalized Hulth\'{e}n potential in the case where we have a particular mass function $m(x)$. We also search the solutions for the constant mass where the obtained results correspond to the ones when the Dirac equation has spin and pseudospin symmetry, respectively. After giving the obtained results for the non-relativistic case, we search then the energy spectra and corresponding upper and lower components of Dirac spinor for the case of $PT$-symmetric forms of the present potential.Comment: 21 pages, 1 Tabl

Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Interaktif Berbasis Komputer Untuk Siswa SMP Kelas VIII

This research aimed to result computer-based interactive learning media for eighth grade students of Junior High School. Developed interactive learning media consisted of two main parts: material and evaluation. The procedure of development followed Borg and Gall model. The interactive learning was validated by material and media experts. The material validation result was in very good category and media validation was in good category. The media was tried out at SMP Negeri 3 Palu. The students' response in small and large-scale try out were in very good category. The students' learning achievement showed an improvement where normalized gain () was in moderate category. The results showed that developed interactive learning media is feasible to use as an learning media in supporting conceptual understanding

Bayesian reinforcement learning with MCMC to maximize energy output of vertical axis wind turbine

Optimization of energy output of small scale wind turbines requires a controller which keeps the wind speed to rotor tip speed ratio at the optimum value. An analytic solution can be obtained if the dynamic model of the complete system is known and wind speed can be anticipated. However, not only aging but also errors in modeling and wind speed prediction prevent a straightforward solution. This thesis proposes to apply a reinforcement learning approach designed to optimize dynamic systems with continuous state and action spaces, to the energy output optimization of Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWT). The dynamic modeling and load control of the wind turbine are accomplished in the same process. The proposed algorithm is a model-free Bayesian Reinforcement Learning using Markov Chain Monte Carlo method (MCMC) to obtain the parameters of an optimal policy. The proposed method learns wind speed pro les and system model, therefore, can utilize all system states and observed wind speed pro les to calculate an optimal control signal by using a Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN). The proposed method is validated by performing simulation studies on a permanent magnet synchronous generator-based VAWT Simulink model to compare with the classical Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). The results show signi cant improvement over the classical method, especially during the wind speed transients, promising a superior energy output in turbulent settings; which coincide with the expected application areas of VAWT

Growth enhancing effects of banana homogenate on a glucomannan-rich orchid species: Serapias vomeracea (Burm.f.) Briq.

Glukomannane sind pflanzliche Polymere, die hauptsächlich in der Lebensmittel- sowie in der pharmazeutischen und kosmetischen Industrie genutzt werden. Auf Grund der steigenden Nachfrage wurden in den letzten Jahren vermehrt wissenschaftliche Bemühungen unternommen, um eine landwirtschaftlich nachhaltige und ökologische Kultivierung glukomannanreicher Pflanzen zu entwickeln. Das Wurzelgeflecht der terrestrischen Orchideen ist eine reichhaltige Quelle für Glukomannan. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war es den konzentrationsabhängigen Effekt von Bananen-Homogenat (BAN) auf die In-vitro-Entwicklung der glukomannanreichen Orchideenart Serapias vomeracea zu ermitteln. Die Keimungsrate war bei Nutzung des Kontrollmediums am höchsten. Die Zugabe von 10 g L–1 BAN zum Medium, sowohl mit als auch ohne Zugabe von Saccharose, führte allerdings zu einer statistisch sehr ähnlichen Keimungsrate. Allerdings führte die Zugabe von BAN in Abwesenheit von Saccharose in sämtlich getesteten Konzentrationen zu einer signifikant vermehrten Bildung von Protokormen. Die durchschnittlichen Spross- und Wurzellängen sowie die Anzahl der Wurzeln wurden bei einer BAN Konzentration von 30 g L–1 evaluiert. Die Knollenbildung und -entwicklung waren bei Zugabe von BAN leicht verbessert. Die Anzahl der Wurzelknollen von S. vomeracea und ihr Durchmesser waren bei Zugabe von 50 g L–1 BAN erhöht. Diese Studie legt nahe, dass BAN in der Produktion von glukomannanreichen Wurzelknollen für industrielle Zwecke genutzt werden könnte. Synthetische Pflanzenwachstumsregulatoren könnten im Zuge des nachhaltigen Anbaus von knollenbildenden Orchideen durch BAN ersetzt werden. BAN sollte weitergehend hinsichtlich seiner Eignung als Ersatz für Saccharose bei Studien zur In-vitro-Vermehrung mediterraner Orchideen untersucht werden.Glucomannan is a plant-sourced polymer used mainly in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. The increasing demand for the polymer makes researchers put effort into finding agriculturally sustainable and eco-friendly production methods for the source plants. The root systems of terrestrial orchids are rich sources of glucomannan. The objective of this research was to evaluate the concentration-dependent (10, 30, and 50 g L–1) effects of banana homogenate (BAN) on in vitro development of a glucomannan-rich orchid species, Serapias vomeracea. The control medium gave the highest seed germination rate. In contrast, the addition of 10 g L–1 BAN into the medium either in the presence or absence of sucrose gave statistically the same germination results with the control. However, all the BAN concentrations tested triggered protocorm formation significantly better in the absence of sucrose in the medium. The maximum mean shoot and root lengths, and root number were recorded after BAN treatments at 30 g L–1 concentration. The tuber formation and development were shown to be enhanced gradually due to BAN treatments. The successful tuberization in S. vomeracea roots was achieved after 50 g L–1 BAN, which gave more tubers in numbers with larger diameters. This study suggested that BAN could be used for tuber production for industrial demand. In the large-scale sustainable cultivation of tuberous orchids, synthetic plant growth regulators might be replaced by this natural additive. Also, BAN should be evaluated in in vitro propagation studies on Mediterranean terrestrial orchids as a substitute for sucrose

Exact Analytical Solution of the N-dimensional Radial Schrodinger Equation with Pseudoharmonic Potential via Laplace Transform Approach

The second order $N$-dimensional Schr\"odinger equation with pseudoharmonic potential is reduced to a first order differential equation by using the Laplace transform approach and exact bound state solutions are obtained using convolution theorem. Some special cases are verified and variation of energy eigenvalues $E_n$ as a function of dimension $N$ are furnished. To give an extra depth of this letter, present approach is also briefly investigated for generalized Morse potential as an example.Comment: 16 pages.Published version has some figure

Bound State Solutions of the Schr\"odinger Equation for Generalized Morse Potential With Position Dependent Mass

The effective mass one-dimensional Schr\"odinger equation for the generalized Morse potential is solved by using Nikiforov-Uvarov method. Energy eigenvalues and corresponding eigenfunctions are computed analytically. The results are also reduced to the case of constant mass. Energy eigenvalues are computed numerically for some diatomic molecules. The results are in agreement with the ones obtained before.Comment: Accepted for publication in Commun. Theor. Phys., 12 pages, 1 tabl