Tipologías de la arquitectura civil de la orden de Alcántara: la casa de encomienda en el partido de la Serena

Las distintas descripciones reflejadas en los libros de visitas y los exámenes de rigor que la Orden establece antes de la toma de posesión de una encomienda han permitido fijar una serie de rasgos definidores comunes de estas construcciones. En primer lugar advertir que los distintos estudios dedicados al arte en las órdenes militares parecen coincidir en no tener en cuenta unas manifestaciones artísticas o estilos específicos y propios de estas instituciones. Por tanto, en su necesidad de edificios de naturaleza económica y administrativa como son las casas de encomienda, y en atención a sus múltiples exigencias, recurren a influencias exteriores y a los modelos del entorno, sobre todo partiendo de la arquitectura civil y militar.The different descriptions reflected in books from visits and the examinations of rigor that the Order establishes before the taking of possession of a commanderie have allowed to fix a series of common definidores characteristics of these constructions. In the first place to notice that the different dedicated studies from the art in the military orders seem to agree in not considering artistic manifestations or specific and own styles of these institutions. Therefore, in his necessity of buildings of economic and administrative nature as they are the commanderie houses, and in attention to his multiple exigencies, they resort to outer influences and the models of the surroundings, mainly starting off of the civilian and military architecture.peerReviewe

Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

La iglesia parroquial de Santa María Magdalena de Castuera (Badajoz): aportaciones documentales en torno a su construcción

El artículo desarrolla la construcción de la iglesia parroquial de Santa María Magdalena en Castuera (Badajoz), basado en la documentación disponible.The article develops the construction of the parish church of Santa María Magdalena in Castuera (Badajoz), based on the available documentation

Camarines barrocos en la comarca de La Serena (Badajoz)

Durante el Barroco se asiste a una especie de crisis moral y social que conducirá a una importante campaña de propaganda y adoctrinamiento. La retórica desempeñará un papel fundamental con el fin de conmover y despertar el ánimo en los ciudadanos y su religiosidad. En respuesta a este éxtasis religioso, que afectará también a la arquitectura, surgen nuevos modelos constructivos originales. Espacios de devoción menor en cuanto a sus dimensiones.During the Baroque there was a kind of moral and social crisis that led to a major propaganda and indoctrination campaign. Rhetoric played a fundamental role in order to move and awaken people's spirits and their religiosity. In response to this religious ecstasy, which also affected architecture, new, original building models emerged. Spaces of lesser devotion in terms of their dimensions

La iglesia de San Bartolomé de La Coronada (Badajoz): aproximación a su proceso constructivo

A partir del siglo XV en España se va a producir una especie de fiebre constructiva que responde a la necesidad de acabar con los viejos modelos y generar nuevas construcciones en relación con las necesidades de la época que acababa de nacer con los Reyes Católicos. Las construcciones templarias realizadas tras la Reconquista van a ser sustituídas o ampliadas perdiendo, en la mayoría de los casos, el recuerdo de viejas épocas, dando como resultado una amalgama de estilos de difícil descodificación.From the fifteenth century in Spain a kind of constructive fever was going to take place that responds to the need to put an end to old models and generate new constructions in relation to the needs of the time that had just been born with the Catholic Monarchs. The Templar buildings built after the Reconquest will be replaced or expanded, losing, in most cases, the memory of old times, resulting in an amalgamation of styles that is difficult to decode

Un proyecto de retablo barroco del maestro entallador Andrés de la Peña en Esparragosa de la Serena: dibujos y documentos inéditos

El valor del presente estudio reside tal vez en una doble intencionalidad. De un lado el hallazgo en sí mismo y exposición de las trazas y proyecto presentados, con lo que se procura subsanar la carencia desfavorable en el mundo de la historia de la retablística extremeña. Trascendencia de igual modo tiene el hecho de ofrecer las primeras líneas argumentales para una ampliación de la nómina de artistas extremeños, pues Andrés de la Peña es otro de aquellos desconocidos de nuestra plástica. Gracias a distintos testimonios documentales, proponemos el anuncio de futuros temas de estudio relacionados con este artista hasta la fecha anónimo.The value of the present study resides perhaps in one double intentionality. Of a side the finding in itself and exhibition of the presented/displayed plans and project, with which it is tried to correct the unfavorable deficiency in the world of the history of the world of the altarpiece. Importance similarly has the fact to offer argumentales forward edge for an extension of the list of frontier artists, then Andrés de la Peña is another one of those strangers of our plastic one. Thanks to different documentary testimonies, we propose the announcement of future subjects of study related to this to date anonymous artist.peerReviewe