Influence of the initial beach profile on the sediment transport processes during post-storm onshore bar migration

Onshore bar migration is a characteristic bar behavior during post-storm beach recovery. The present large-scale experiments, feature bichromatic wave groups over an initially steep (1:15), fully-evolving beach. The same accretive wave condition is applied on two different post-storm beach profiles featuring outer and inner bars. They are characterized by a larger (smaller) shoreline erosion and a larger (smaller) outer breaker bar located farther away from (closer to) the shoreline depending on the larger (smaller) energy of the storm condition. After a considerable post-storm recovery time, similar equilibrium profiles are obtained, stressing the link between wave condition and equilibrium beach configuration. However, the evolution toward the equilibrium is different and depends on the initial morphological condition (post-storm beach profile). After the larger storm, the morphological evolution is termed accretive merging (AM) and characterized by merging of the two bars (outer bar dissipation). After the smaller storm, the morphological evolution denoted as accretive non-merging (AN) is characterized by onshore migration of the two bars with constant distance between them (bar maintenance). This study focuses on processes around the outer bar. During AN it features wave breaking, causing large suspended net offshore transport. AM, in contrast, mainly features bedload related to short wave asymmetries and low decomposed net transport rate magnitudes. High suspended net offshore transport occurs solely onshore of the outer bar trough. This causes filling of the bar trough and bar dissipation during migration. Additionally, processes around the outer bars are linked to accretion onshore of the bars and at the shoreline.We thank Dr. Tom Baldock and Dr. Marissa Yates for their valuable comments which helped to improve the manuscript. The experiments described in this work were funded by the European Community's Horizon 2020 Programme through the grant to the budget of the Integrated Infrastructure Initiative HYDRALAB+, Contract no. 654110, and were conducted as part of the transnational access project RESIST. FG acknowledges funding from the Agency for Management of University and Research Grants (AGAUR). DH acknowledges funding from the French DGA funded ANR ASTRID Maturation project MESURE (ANR-16-ASMA-0005-01). JA acknowledges funding from the Serra Húnter Programme (SHP). We wish to thank fellow RESIST researchers and the CIEM staff (Joaquim Sospedra, Oscar Galego, Dr. Andrea Marzeddu and Dr. Iván Cáceres) for their contributions to the experiments.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Análisis y previsión de fenómenos naturales peligrosos

La toma de decisiones referentes al diseño o en sistemas de alerta requieren el estudio de las acciones externas (frecuentemente meteorológicas), la descripción probabilista del sistema (vulnerabilidad, susceptibilidad) y los costes asociados a los efectos que se producen. Se hace especial referencia a los estudios de peligrosidad de fenómenos como vientos, oleaje, precipitación, etc. A partir de datos observados se estiman las probabilidades de ocurrencia de sucesos extremales y otros parámetros de la peligrosidad (periodos de retorno). Los métodos estadísticos utilizados son preferentemente bayesiano, los cuales permiten el control de la incertidumbre de las estimas. Se incluye el estudio de tendencias climáticas o la adquisición de datos de diferente procedencia

Checking model-data weather hazard occurrence fit in the context of climate change

In climate change impact studies it is common to run a given response model (from ecosystem changes to wavestorm or landslide occurrence) nested into one of the available long-term Global or Regional Circulation Models (GCM, RCM) reproducing the climate for the XX century or predicting it for the XXI. In this way, it is expected to capture the average behaviour of the studied system to a changing climate forcing: in other words, with such response forecasts, one does not actually expect to be able to reproduce each and every single event, but rather its statistical behaviour. Regarding weather-related hazard, the relevant statistical properties are the occurrence return period of events, and their expected magnitude. The present study focuses on wave storm occurrence, and aims at presenting a general methodology to check the adequate reproduction of the return period of hazardous weather-related events by such response forecast models. This is attained by analysing a compound data set formed by series of real data (typically of around 20-30 years in the last decades of the XX century or the beginning of the XXI one) and longer hind- or forecast series. Occurrence of a stormy event is considered to follow an inhomogeneous Poisson process, with: a linear trend to capture climate change, and a step in the junction real data-forecast data to capture systematic model biases. A Bayesian method is proposed to assess the influence of these two elements, i.e the presence/absence of a climate trend and the adequate reproduction of the statistical properties of wavestorm occurrence by forecasting models. Results suggest a non-significant trend albeit negative trend in the storm occurrence, and an inability of the used forecast model to reproduce wavestorm occurrence.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Study of atmospheric forcing influence on harbour water renewal

In this study, we use observations and numerical simulations to investigate the effect of meteorological parameters such as wind and atmospheric pressure on harbour water exchanges. The modelled information is obtained from the SAMOA (Sistema de Apoyo Meteorológico y Oceanográfico de la Autoridad Portuaria) forecasting system, which is a high-resolution numerical model for coastal and port-scale forecasting. Based on the observations, six events with high renewal times have been proposed for analysis using the SAMOA model. Therefore, the conclusions of this study have been possible due to the combination of observed data from the measurement campaigns and the information provided by the model. The results show that days with higher renewal times coincide with favourable wind-direction events or increases in atmospheric pressure. After analysing these events using model results, it was observed that during these episodes, water inflows were generated, and in some cases, there was a negative difference in levels between inside and outside the harbour produced by atmospheric pressure variations. The latter may be due to the fact that the water in the harbour (having a lower volume) descends faster and, therefore, generates a difference in level between the exterior and the interior and, consequently, inflow currents that imply an increase in the renewal time. These results are a demonstration of how meteorological information (normally available in ports) can be used to estimate currents and water exchanges between ports and their outer harbour area.This research received funding from the EuroSea project, under agreement with the European Social Fund (ESF) through a grant from FI AGAUR 2020 (Agency for the Management of University and Research Grants). This research has received funding from EuroSea project GA862626 funder H2020-EU.3.2.5.1 The authors want to acknowledge the ECO-BAYS research project (PID2020-115924RB-I00, financed by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033). The lead author has been financed by the Secretaria d’Universitats i Recerca de la Generalitat de Catalunya and the European Social Fund (ESF).Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Near-bed sediment transport during offshore bar migration in large-scale experiments

This study presents novel insights into hydrodynamics and sediment fluxes in large-scale laboratory experiments with bichromatic wave groups on a relatively steep initial beach slope (1:15). An Acoustic Concentration and Velocity Profiler provided detailed information of velocity and sand concentration near the bed from shoaling up to the outer breaking zone including suspended sediment and sheet flow transport. The morphological evolution was characterized by offshore migration of the outer breaker bar. Decomposition of the total net transport revealed a balance of onshore-directed, short wave-related and offshore-directed, current-related net transport. The short wave-related transport mainly occurred as bedload over small vertical extents. It was linked to characteristic intrawave sheet flow layer expansions during short wave crests. The current-related transport rate featured lower maximum flux magnitudes but occurred over larger vertical extents. As a result, it was larger than the short wave-related transport rate in all but one cross-shore position, driving the bar’s offshore migration. Net flux magnitudes of the infragravity component were comparatively low but played a nonnegligible role for total net transport rate in certain cross-shore positions. Net infragravity flux profiles sometimes featured opposing directions over the vertical. The fluxes were linked to a standing infragravity wave pattern and to the correlation of the short wave envelope, controlling suspension, with the infragravity wave velocity.The experiments described in this study were funded by the European Community’s Horizon 2020 Program through the grant to the budget of the Integrated Infrastructure Initiative HYDRALAB+, Contract no. 654110, and were conducted as part of the transnational access project RESIST. FG acknowledges funding from the Agency for Management of University and Research Grants (AGAUR). DH acknowledges funding from the French DGA funded ANR ASTRID Maturation project MESURE (ANR-16-ASMA-0005-01). JA acknowledges funding from the Serra Húnter Program (SHP). The authors wish to thank fellow RESIST researchers and the CIEM staff (Joaquim Sospedra, Oscar Galego, Dr. Andrea Marzeddu) for their contributions to the experiments.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Vaccination adjuvated against hepatitis B in Spanish National Healthcare System (SNS) workers typed as non-responders to conventional vaccines

[EN] Trial Design: An interventional, phase 4, single group assignment, without masking (open label), preventive clinical trial was carried out in health workers with biological risk in their tasks, who have been filed as non-responders to conventional vaccination against Hepatitis B. Methods: 67 health workers with biological risk in their tasks, who have been filed as non-responders to conventional vaccination against Hepatitis B, were enrolled in the Clinical Trial. All participants were from 18 years up to 64 years old. Inclusion Criteria: NHS workers -including university students doing their internships in health centres dependent on the National Health System (inclusion of students is regulated and limited by specific instructions on labour prevention in each autonomous community)- classified as non-responders. The criteria defining them as non-responders to the conventional hepatitis B vaccine is anti HBsAb titers < 10 mUI/ml following the application of six doses of conventional vaccine at 20 lg doses (two complete guidelines). The objective of this study was to provide Health workersstaff with an additional protection tool against hepatitis B infection, and to evaluate the efficacy of the adjuvanted vaccine in healthy non-responders to conventional hepatitis B vaccine. The primary outcome was the measurement of antibody antiHBs before the first Fendrix dose and a month after the administration of each dose. Other outcome was collection of adverse effects during administration and all those that could be related to the vaccine and that occur within 30 days after each dose. In this study, only one group was assigned. There was no randomization or masking. Results: The participants were recruited between April 13, 2018 and October 31, 2019. 67 participants were enrolled in the Clinical Trial and included the analyses. The primary immunisation consists of 4 separate 0.5 ml doses of Fendrix , administered at the following schedule: 1 month, 2 months and 6 months from the date of the first dose. Once the positivity was reached in any of the doses, the participant finished the study and was not given the following doses. 68.66% (46 out 67) had a positive response to first dose of Fendrix. 57.14% (12 out 21) had a positive response to second dose of Fendrix . 22.22% (2 out 9) had a positive response to third dose of Fendrix and 42.96% (3 out 7) had a positive response to last dose of Fendrix. Overall, 94.02% (64 out 67) of participants had a positive response to Fendrix . No serious adverse event occurred. Conclusions: The use of Fendrix , is a viable vaccine alternative for NHS workers classified as ‘‘nonresponders”. Revaccination of healthy non-responders with Fendrix, resulted in very high proportions of responders without adverse events. Trial registration: The trial was registered in the Spanish National Trial Register (REEC), ClinicalTrials.gov and inclusion has been stopped (identifier NCT03410953; EudraCT-number 2016-004991-23). Funding: GRS 1360/A/16: Call for aid for the financing of research projects in biomedicine, health management and socio-health care to be developed in the centres of the Regional Health Management of Autonomous Community of Castile-Leon. In addition, this work has been supported by the Spanish Platform for Clinical Research and Clinical Trials, SCReN (Spanish Clinical Research Network), funded by the Subdirectorate General for Research Evaluation and Promotion of the Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), through the project PT13/0002/0039 and project PT17/0017/0023 integrated in the State Plan for R&D&I 2013–2016 and co-financed by and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)

La transferencia a la sociedad de un lenguaje jurídico claro e inclusivo: el papel activo de los estudiantes de Derecho

El objetivo fundamental de este proyecto de innovación docente reside, principalmente, en la necesidad de adecuar el lenguaje empleado por los juristas, los profesionales del Derecho y las instituciones públicas y judiciales, empresas privadas y asociaciones sin ánimo de lucro sea claro y comprensible a la ciudadanía. Se pretende contribuir al desarrollo de una educación basada en el firme compromiso de acercar el mundo del Derecho a la sociedad y una participación en su desarrollo y aplicación responsable (responsabilidad social corporativa, Códigos de conducta responsable)

Die weibliche Kriminalität in Mexiko-Stadt am Ausgang des 18. Jahrhunderts

En el presente estudio aborda en problema de la delincuencia femenina en la ciudad de México a finales del siglo XVIII mediante el uso de más de 7.000 registros conservados en los Libros de reos entre 1794 y 1798. Con esta información se ha elaborado un modelo de la delincuencia femenina de la capital de la Nueva España que no se corresponde con ninguno de los otros modelos que se han construido con los datos de otras ciudades del continente europeo. El estudio, por consiguiente, pone en entredicho la elaboración de dichos modelos y su trasvase a otros ámbitos geográficos y cronológicos en donde los contextos pueden presentar variables muy significativas.The present study focuses on the problem of female crime in Mexico City in the late eighteenth century. More than 7,000 records preserved in the Books of Inmates of Mexico City between 1794 and 1798 have been reviewed. With this information a model for female criminality in the capital of Nueva España has been developed, that does not correspond to any of the other models that have been constructed with data from other cities of Europe. The study therefore challenges the development of these models and their transfer to other geographical and chronological settings, where contexts can imply very significant variables.Ce travail addresse le problème de la criminalité féminine à Mexico à la fin du XVIIIe siècle. Plus de 7 000 documents, conservés dans les Livres de Détenus entre 1794 et 1798, ont été utilisés. Avec cette information, on a développé un modèle de criminalité féminine dans la capitale de la Nouvelle-Espagne qui ne correspond pas à aucun des autres modèles qui ont été construits avec des données provenant d’autres villes d’Europe. L’étude remet donc en cause le développement de ces modèles et leur transfert sur d’autres zones géographiques et d’autres contextes chronologiques où les variables peuvent avoir eu une grande relevance.In vorliegender Studie wird das Problem der weiblichen Kriminalität in Mexiko-Stadt am Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts unter Verwendung von mehr als 7.000 erhaltenen Einträgen in den Büchern der Könige (Libros de reos) zwischen 1794 und 1798 behandelt. Mit dieser Information ließ sich ein Modell der weiblichen Kriminalität in der Hauptstadt von Nueva España entwickeln, das mit keinem der anderen Modelle, die auf den überlieferten Daten anderer Städte des europäischen Kontinents basieren, übereinstimmt. Die Studie stellt demzufolge die Entwicklung der besagten Modelle und ihre Übertragung auf andere Regionen und Zeiträume in Zweifel

IV Congreso Nacional de Innovación en Ciencias Jurídicas: Coordinación y planificación en los estudios de derecho

Producción CientíficaLa creencia en la participación del estudiante en el proceso de construcción del aprendizaje y del conocimiento científico condujo a la creación de una estrategia didáctica centrada en el desarrollo de Proyectos de investigación llevados a cabo en grupos de trabajo. El mismo se centró en el desarrollo de las fuentes orales a través de la realización de entrevistas a personas que nacieron en los años 30 y 40 del siglo XX en un intento por “reconstruir” instituciones jurídicas, como la costumbre o el trabajo, situación que condujo al conocimiento de nuevas técnicas de investigación, al enriquecimiento temático de la asignatura y al acercamiento al estudiante del proceso de investigación científica y académic