62 research outputs found
Millimeter-wave Point Sources from the 2500 Square Degree SPT-SZ Survey: Catalog and Population Statistics
We present a catalog of emissive point sources detected in the SPT-SZ survey, a contiguous 2530 square degree area surveyed with the South Pole Telescope (SPT) from 2008–2011 in three bands centered at 95, 150, and 220 GHz. The catalog contains 4845 sources measured at a significance of 4.5σ or greater in at least one band, corresponding to detections above approximately 9.8, 5.8, and 20.4 mJy in 95, 150, and 220 GHz, respectively. The spectral behavior in the SPT bands is used for source classification into two populations based on the underlying physical mechanisms of compact, emissive sources that are bright at millimeter wavelengths: synchrotron radiation from active galactic nuclei and thermal emission from dust. The latter population includes a component of high-redshift sources often referred to as submillimeter galaxies (SMGs). In the relatively bright flux ranges probed by the survey, these sources are expected to be magnified by strong gravitational lensing. The survey also contains sources consistent with protoclusters, groups of dusty galaxies at high redshift undergoing collapse. We cross-match the SPT-SZ catalog with external catalogs at radio, infrared, and X-ray wavelengths and identify available redshift information. The catalog splits into 3980 synchrotron-dominated and 865 dust-dominated sources, and we determine a list of 506 SMGs. Ten sources in the catalog are identified as stars. We calculate number counts for the full catalog, and synchrotron and dusty components, using a bootstrap method and compare our measured counts with models. This paper represents the third and final catalog of point sources in the SPT-SZ survey
Millimeter-wave Point Sources from the 2500-square-degree SPT-SZ Survey: Catalog and Population Statistics
We present a catalog of emissive point sources detected in the SPT-SZ survey,
a contiguous 2530-square-degree area surveyed with the South Pole Telescope
(SPT) from 2008 - 2011 in three bands centered at 95, 150, and 220 GHz. The
catalog contains 4845 sources measured at a significance of 4.5 sigma or
greater in at least one band, corresponding to detections above approximately
9.8, 5.8, and 20.4 mJy in 95, 150, and 220 GHz, respectively. Spectral behavior
in the SPT bands is used for source classification into two populations based
on the underlying physical mechanisms of compact, emissive sources that are
bright at millimeter wavelengths: synchrotron radiation from active galactic
nuclei and thermal emission from dust. The latter population includes a
component of high-redshift sources often referred to as submillimeter galaxies
(SMGs). In the relatively bright flux ranges probed by the survey, these
sources are expected to be magnified by strong gravitational lensing. The
survey also contains sources consistent with protoclusters, groups of dusty
galaxies at high redshift undergoing collapse. We cross-match the SPT-SZ
catalog with external catalogs at radio, infrared, and X-ray wavelengths and
identify available redshift information. The catalog splits into 3980
synchrotron-dominated and 865 dust-dominated sources and we determine a list of
506 SMGs. Ten sources in the catalog are identified as stars. We calculate
number counts for the full catalog, and synchrotron and dusty components, using
a bootstrap method and compare our measured counts with models. This paper
represents the third and final catalog of point sources in the SPT-SZ survey.Comment: 43 pages, 19 figures, 7 tables. Submitted to AAS Journals 03/05/2020.
03/23/2020 co-author affiliation and acknowledgments update
A Measurement of the CMB Temperature Power Spectrum and Constraints on Cosmology from the SPT-3G 2018 TT/TE/EE Data Set
We present a sample-variance-limited measurement of the temperature power
spectrum () of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) using observations of
a field made by SPT-3G in 2018. We report
multifrequency power spectrum measurements at 95, 150, and 220GHz covering the
angular multipole range . We combine this
measurement with the published polarization power spectrum measurements from
the 2018 observing season and update their associated covariance matrix to
complete the SPT-3G 2018 data set. This is the first analysis to
present cosmological constraints from SPT , , and power spectrum
measurements jointly. We blind the cosmological results and subject the data
set to a series of consistency tests at the power spectrum and parameter level.
We find excellent agreement between frequencies and spectrum types and our
results are robust to the modeling of astrophysical foregrounds. We report
results for CDM and a series of extensions, drawing on the following
parameters: the amplitude of the gravitational lensing effect on primary power
spectra , the effective number of neutrino species
, the primordial helium abundance , and the
baryon clumping factor due to primordial magnetic fields . We find that the
SPT-3G 2018 data are well fit by CDM with a
probability-to-exceed of . For CDM, we constrain the expansion
rate today to and the
combined structure growth parameter to . The SPT-based
results are effectively independent of Planck, and the cosmological parameter
constraints from either data set are within of each other.
(abridged)Comment: 35 Pages, 17 Figures, 11 Table
A measurement of the CMB temperature power spectrum and constraints on cosmology from the SPT-3G 2018 TT/TE/EE Data Set
We present a sample-variance-limited measurement of the temperature power spectrum () of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) using observations of a field made by SPT-3G in 2018. We report multifrequency power spectrum measurements at 95, 150, and 220GHz covering the angular multipole range . We combine this measurement with the published polarization power spectrum measurements from the 2018 observing season and update their associated covariance matrix to complete the SPT-3G 2018 data set. This is the first analysis to present cosmological constraints from SPT , , and power spectrum measurements jointly. We blind the cosmological results and subject the data set to a series of consistency tests at the power spectrum and parameter level. We find excellent agreement between frequencies and spectrum types and our results are robust to the modeling of astrophysical foregrounds. We report results for CDM and a series of extensions, drawing on the following parameters: the amplitude of the gravitational lensing effect on primary power spectra , the effective number of neutrino species , the primordial helium abundance , and the baryon clumping factor due to primordial magnetic fields . We find that the SPT-3G 2018 data are well fit by CDM with a probability-to-exceed of . For CDM, we constrain the expansion rate today to and the combined structure growth parameter to . The SPT-based results are effectively independent of Planck, and the cosmological parameter constraints from either data set are within of each other. (abridged)..
Flaring Stars in a Non-targeted mm-wave Survey with SPT-3G
We present a flare star catalog from four years of non-targeted
millimeter-wave survey data from the South Pole Telescope (SPT). The data were
taken with the SPT-3G camera and cover a 1500-square-degree region of the sky
from to in right ascension and
to in declination. This region was observed on a
nearly daily cadence from 2019-2022 and chosen to avoid the plane of the
galaxy. A short-duration transient search of this survey yields 111 flaring
events from 66 stars, increasing the number of both flaring events and detected
flare stars by an order of magnitude from the previous SPT-3G data release. We
provide cross-matching to Gaia DR3, as well as matches to X-ray point sources
found in the second ROSAT all-sky survey. We have detected flaring stars across
the main sequence, from early-type A stars to M dwarfs, as well as a large
population of evolved stars. These stars are mostly nearby, spanning 10 to 1000
parsecs in distance. Most of the flare spectral indices are constant or gently
rising as a function of frequency at 95/150/220 GHz. The timescale of these
events can range from minutes to hours, and the peak luminosities
range from to erg s in the SPT-3G frequency bands
A Measurement of Gravitational Lensing of the Cosmic Microwave Background Using SPT-3G 2018 Data
We present a measurement of gravitational lensing over 1500 deg of the
Southern sky using SPT-3G temperature data at 95 and 150 GHz taken in 2018. The
lensing amplitude relative to a fiducial Planck 2018 CDM cosmology is
found to be , excluding instrumental and astrophysical
systematic uncertainties. We conduct extensive systematic and null tests to
check the robustness of the lensing measurements, and report a minimum-variance
combined lensing power spectrum over angular multipoles of , which
we use to constrain cosmological models. When analyzed alone and jointly with
primary cosmic microwave background (CMB) spectra within the CDM
model, our lensing amplitude measurements are consistent with measurements from
SPT-SZ, SPTpol, ACT, and Planck. Incorporating loose priors on the baryon
density and other parameters including uncertainties on a foreground bias
template, we obtain a constraint on using the SPT-3G 2018 lensing data alone, where
is a common measure of the amplitude of structure today and
is the matter density parameter. Combining SPT-3G 2018 lensing
measurements with baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) data, we derive parameter
constraints of , , and Hubble constant
km s Mpc. Using CMB anisotropy and lensing measurements from
SPT-3G only, we provide independent constraints on the spatial curvature of
(95% C.L.) and the dark energy density
of (68% C.L.). When combining SPT-3G
lensing data with SPT-3G CMB anisotropy and BAO data, we find an upper limit on
the sum of the neutrino masses of eV (95% C.L.)
Performance and characterization of the SPT-3G digital frequency-domain multiplexed readout system using an improved noise and crosstalk model
The third generation South Pole Telescope camera (SPT-3G) improves upon its predecessor (SPTpol) by an order of magnitude increase in detectors on the focal plane. The technology used to read out and control these detectors, digital frequency-domain multiplexing (DfMUX), is conceptually the same as used for SPTpol, but extended to accommodate more detectors. A nearly 5x expansion in the readout operating bandwidth has enabled the use of this large focal plane, and SPT-3G performance meets the forecasting targets relevant to its science objectives. However, the electrical dynamics of the higher-bandwidth readout differ from predictions based on models of the SPTpol system. To address this, we present an updated derivation for electrical crosstalk in higher-bandwidth DfMUX systems, and identify two previously uncharacterized contributions to readout noise. The updated crosstalk and noise models successfully describe the measured crosstalk and readout noise performance of SPT-3G, and suggest improvements to the readout system for future experiments using DfMUX, such as the LiteBIRD space telescope
A measurement of the mean central optical depth of galaxy clusters via the pairwise kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect with SPT-3G and DES
We infer the mean optical depth of a sample of optically-selected galaxy
clusters from the Dark Energy Survey (DES) via the pairwise kinematic
Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (kSZ) effect. The pairwise kSZ signal between pairs of
clusters drawn from the DES Year-3 cluster catalog is detected at
in cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature maps from two years of
observations with the SPT-3G camera on the South Pole Telescope. After cuts,
there are 24,580 clusters in the deg of the southern sky
observed by both experiments. We infer the mean optical depth of the cluster
sample with two techniques. The optical depth inferred from the pairwise kSZ
signal is , while that inferred
from the thermal SZ signal is . The two measures agree at . We
perform a suite of systematic checks to test the robustness of the analysis
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