On Analytic Nonlinear Input-output Systems: Expanded Global Convergence and System Interconnections

Functional series representations of nonlinear systems first appeared in engineering in the early 1950’s. One common representation of a nonlinear input-output system are Chen-Fliess series or Fliess operators. Such operators are described by functional series indexed by words over a noncommutative alphabet. They can be viewed as a noncommutative generalization of a Taylor series. A Fliess operator is said to be globally convergent when its radius of convergence is infinite, in other words, when there is no a priori upper bound on both the L1-norm of an admissible input and the length of time over which the corresponding output is well defined. If such bounds are required to ensure convergence, then the Fliess operator is said to be locally convergent with a finite radius of convergence. However, in the literature, a Fliess operator is classified as locally convergent or globally convergent based solely on the growth rate of the coefficients in its generating series. The existing growth rate bounds provide sufficient conditions for global convergence which are very conservative. Therefore, the first main goal of this dissertation is to develop a more exact relationship between the coefficient growth rate and the nature of convergence of the corresponding Fliess operator. This first goal is accomplished by introducing a new topological space of formal power series which renders a Fréchet space instead of the more commonly used ultrametric space. Then, a direct relationship is developed between the nature of convergence of a Fliess operator and its generating series. The second main goal of this dissertation is to show that the global convergence of Fliess operators is preserved under the nonrecursive interconnections, namely the parallel sum and product connections and the cascade connection. This fact had only been understood previously in a narrow sense based on the more conservative tests for global convergence

Creating a Micro-Enterprise for the Development and Marketing of a Chili Sauce Based on Sambo Seeds: Market Analysis

The present work was carried out to promote a chili sauce made with the seeds of the sambo fruit – a local variety of pumpkin. Presently, the sauce is consumed only in Ecuador and is prepared using just the fleshy part of the fruit, while the seeds are discarded. The authors of this article see a larger potential application of the fruit in the food industry, as the fruit not only adds a pleasant flavor but is also full of nutrition. They have made a new chili sauce with a base of sambo seeds. The research was carried out using an inductive method, where people were selected at random. Variables such as gender, age, level, and consumption preferences, among others, were analyzed. The study was conducted in Riobamba canton on 164 people, aged 20 and over, considering various aspects. The instrument used was a questionnaire. The results showed that 71.95% of those surveyed consumed chili-based sauces, and 54.88% of them consumed it at least once a week. In addition, 63.41% of them consumed or had consumed sambo seeds, thus denoting that consumers were aware of and were consuming this product. The current research allowed us to innovate the product using correct methods and techniques, and adapt the best use of seeds in the food industry. Keywords: chili, sambo, economic analysis, consumption, commercialization. RESUMEN El presente trabajo se realizó con el objetivo de dar a conocer la aceptación y el beneficio económico de la salsa de ají con adición de semillas del fruto de sambo en el mercado, actualmente su consumo se da en todo el país y se aprovecha únicamente la parte carnosa de la fruta, las semillas son desechadas, por cuanto vemos una potencial aplicación en la industria alimentaria de estas, a más de aportar con sabor agradable aportan nutricionalmente, y se las han adicionado en una salsa de ají, al integrar al mercado una nueva salsa elaborada con este producto icónico además se busca utilizar las semillas de la calabaza local conocida como sambo. Esta investigación se realizó mediante un método inductivo, donde las personas fueron seleccionadas al azar, se analizaron variables como: género, edad, nivel y preferencias de consumo, entre otras. La búsqueda de información fue en el cantón Riobamba, a 164 personas, de 20 años en adelante, considerando varios aspectos; el instrumento aplicado fue cuestionario. Los resultados demuestran que el 71.95% de los How to encuestados consumen salsas elaboradas a base de ají, y de estos 54.88% lo consumen como mínimo una vez a la semana, además que el 63,41% consume o ha consumido semillas de sambo, denotando así que los consumidores conocen y consumen estos productos. La actual investigación nos permitió innovar el producto, utilizando correctamente métodos y técnicas adaptando el mejor uso de las semillas en la industria alimentaria. Palabras Clave: Ají, sambo, semillas, análisis económico, consumo, comercialización

Batalla de Tulcán

Documento extraido del  "Diario de operaciones -año 1862- llevado por el jefe del Estado Mayor Genral, Sergio Arboleda

Oral Versus Gastrointestinal Mucosal Immune Niches in Homeostasis and Allostasis

Different body systems (epidermis, respiratory tract, cornea, oral cavity, and gastrointestinal tract) are in continuous direct contact with innocuous and/or potentially harmful external agents, exhibiting dynamic and highly selective interaction throughout the epithelia, which function as both a physical and chemical protective barrier. Resident immune cells in the epithelia are constantly challenged and must distinguish among antigens that must be either tolerated or those to which a response must be mounted for. When such a decision begins to take place in lymphoid foci and/or mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues, the epithelia network of immune surveillance actively dominates both oral and gastrointestinal compartments, which are thought to operate in the same immune continuum. However, anatomical variations clearly differentiate immune processes in both the mouth and gastrointestinal tract that demonstrate a wide array of independent immune responses. From single vs. multiple epithelia cell layers, widespread cell-to-cell junction types, microbial-associated recognition receptors, dendritic cell function as well as related signaling, the objective of this review is to specifically contrast the current knowledge of oral versus gut immune niches in the context of epithelia/lymphoid foci/MALT local immunity and systemic output. Related differences in 1) anatomy 2) cell-to-cell communication 3) antigen capture/processing/presentation 4) signaling in regulatory vs. proinflammatory responses and 5) systemic output consequences and its relations to disease pathogenesis are discussed

Detection of alfa-amylase inhibitors by a zymography method, performed in isoelectric focusing electrophoretic PhastGels.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-07T00:54:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ID288091.PDF: 374985 bytes, checksum: c7206a960b6fb7dace01b9ed9f0ac58e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-01-2

Desempeño a largo plazo de secciones de pavimentos existentes de concreto asfáltico

RESUMEN: Los pavimentos de carreteras están diseñados para soportar las cargas proyectadas del tr·Æ co y a la vez proporcionar alta calidad para los niveles de servicio. Las grandes cargas que los pavimentos experimentan durante su existencia en conjunto con las condiciones variables de clima y humedad aceleran el proceso de deterioro y podrían causar fallas prematuras a los pavimentos. En esta investigación se realiza un estudio de patología para evaluar el desempeño actual de varios concretos asfálticos. La condición estructural de secciones de concreto asfáltico, localizados en el Estado de Ohio, Estados Unidos, se realizan por medio del método de ensayo del DeØ ectómetro de Impacto (FWD). La interpretación de los ensayos con FWD permite la evaluación de potenciales rehabilitaciones a corto y mediano plazo. La metodología de análisis e interpretación de resultados presentados en este artículo para el caso de los 110 km de pavimento de concreto asfáltico en el Estado de Ohio, se muestra como una técnica valiosa en el caso colombiano para determinar, con mediciones reales de campo, la condición y potencial rehabilitación del sistema de infraestructura que se requiere para garantizar el desarrollo económico sostenible del país.ABSTRACT: Highway pavements are designed to withstand the projected trafÆ c loads while providing a high quality level of service. The large loads that pavements experience during the design life in conjunction with variable climate and moisture conditions accelerate the deterioration process and might cause premature failure of the pavements. In this research, a forensic study to assess the current performance of several asphalt concrete (AC) pavements is conducted. The structural condition of the AC sections, located in the State of Ohio, United States, was determined by means of the Falling Weight DeØ ectometer (FWD) testing method. The evaluation and interpretation of the FWD tests permit the assessment of potential short or medium-term rehabilitation projects. The methodology of analysis and data interpretation presented in this paper for the case of 110 km of asphalt concrete pavement in the State of Ohio, stands as a valuable technique in Colombia to determine, with actual Æ eld measurements, the condition and potential rehabilitation of the infrastructure system that is required to guarantee the sustainable economic development of the country

Nonrecursively Interconnected Fliess Operators Preserve Global Convergence: An Expanded View

A common representation of an input-output system in nonlinear control theory is the Chen-Fliess functional series or Fliess operator. Such a functional series is said to be globally convergent when there is a no a priori upper bound on both the L₁-norm of an admissible input and the length of time over which the corresponding output is well defined. Recent developments have expanded the class of globally convergent Fliess operators. The goal of this paper is to show that the global convergence property is preserved for nonrecursive inter-connections (i.e., the parallel, product and cascade connections) involving this largest known class of globally convergent input-output systems. The goal is only partially achieved, however, as some qualification is still needed for the cascade connection

Expanding the Class of Globally Convergent Fliess Operators

A common representation of an input-output system in nonlinear control theory is the Chen-Fliess functional series or fliess operator. Such a functional series is said to be globally convergent when there is no a priori upper bound on both the L₁-norm of an admissible input and the length of time over which the corresponding output is well defined. It is known that every Fliess operator having a generating series with Gevrey order 0 ≤ s \u3c 1 is globally convergent. In this paper it is shown that there exists a subset of series with Gevrey order s = 1 which also exhibit global convergence. In particular, the example of Ferfera, which arises in the context of system interconnections, is shown to be one such example

Structure, Configuration And Sizing Of Ni Nanoparticles Generated By Ultrafast Laser Ablation In Different Media

In recent years, nickel nanoparticles (NPs) have increased scientific interest because of their extensive prospects in catalysts, information storage, large-scale batteries and biomedicine. Several works on Ni NPs generation by laser ablation have appeared in the literature in the last years, using different pulsed laser regimes and different media have been published recently. In this work we analyze the characteristics of species, structure (bare core or core-shell), configuration and size distribution of NPs generated by fs pulse laser ablation over a Ni solid target in n-heptane and water. We explore the presence of NiO-Ni core-shell and hollow Ni (or air-Ni) NPs in the colloids obtained. These were experimentally characterized using AFM and TEM microscopy, as well as Optical Extinction Spectroscopy (OES). Extinction spectra were modeled using Mie theory through an appropriate modification of the complex experimental dielectric function, taking into account a size-dependent corrective term for each free and bound electron contribution. Experimental UV-visible-NIR spectra were reproduced considering a size distribution of bare core, hollow and core-shell structures NPs. In both media, Ni NPs shape and size distribution agrees with that derived from TEM and AFM analysis.954