String completion of an SU(3)c⊗SU(3)L⊗U(1)X\mathrm{SU(3)_c \otimes SU(3)_L \otimes U(1)_X} electroweak model

The extended electroweak $\mathrm{SU(3)_c \otimes SU(3)_L \otimes U(1)_X}$ symmetry framework "explaining" the number of fermion families is revisited. While $331$-based schemes can not easily be unified within the conventional field theory sense, we show how to do it within an approach based on D-branes and (un)oriented open strings, on Calabi-Yau singularities. We show how the theory can be UV-completed in a quiver setup, free of gauge and string anomalies. Lepton and baryon numbers are perturbatively conserved, so neutrinos are Dirac-type, and their lightness results from a novel TeV scale seesaw mechanism. Dynamical violation of baryon number by exotic instantons could induce neutron-antineutron oscillations, with proton decay and other dangerous R-parity violating processes strictly forbidden.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figures, published versio

Productivity Improvement in New York State Local Governments: State Actions to Assist Local Governments

A.E. Res. 83-1

Production Model Based on Total Productive Maintenance and Systematic Layout Planning to Increase Productivity in the Metalworking Industry

The metalworking industry represents one of the most critical factors for the economic development of each country. However, one of its significant bottlenecks is prioritizing some orders over others and the late Maintenance of machinery, which generates stoppages in production lines and delays in processes, which translates into decreased plant productivity. Therefore, to solve these problems, this article proposes a production model based on Total Productive Maintenance and Systematic Layout Planning, which focuses on machinery and human resources to increase the Productivity of companies in this sector. The model simulation was carried out using the Arena software, where a 7.69% improvement in Productivity was obtained and a reduction of up to 32 days in the cycle time. This improvement proposal allows companies in the sector to be more competitive and provides the necessary tools to optimize their processes

INSTITUIÇÕES AMBIENTAIS E DESMATAMENTO NA AMAZÔNIA LEGAL BRASILEIRA: UMA ANÁLISE EXPLORATÓRIA EM NÍVEL DE MUNICÍPIO

A discussão apresentada nesse trabalho constitui-se parte de um estudo que tenta entender o desmatamento da Amazônia Legal brasileira dentro de uma perspectiva institucional. Para isto, analisa a estrutura institucional ambiental dos municípios desta região, buscando identificar se diferenças nos arranjos institucionais destes municípios podem ter levado a distintas taxas de desmatamento durante o processo de crescimento econômico dos mesmos. O crescimento econômico da região tem se baseado fortemente na expansão da pecuária de corte e do cultivo da soja, atividades estas identificadas na literatura como principais responsáveis pelas taxas de desmatamento observadas. A análise da perspectiva institucional, através de informações referentes a instituições ambientais em nível municipal, contida no MUNIC 2002 do IBGE, sugere que essa dinâmica de impacto negativo sobre a Floresta Amazônica é agravada pela existência de uma estrutura institucional frágil nessa região. Na tentativa de melhor compreender a relação entre o grau de consistência da estrutura institucional e a elevação das taxas de desmatamento, foram levantadas algumas evidências, baseadas em dados do IBGE e do INPE, para os trinta e seis municípios que mais desmataram em 2007. A principal conclusão da análise é a de que existe sim uma correlação negativa entre o índice institucional criado e a taxa de desmatamento, revelando que quanto maior o aparato institucional menor o desmatamento. Entretanto, a correlação estimada foi muito pequena, o que revela a necessidade de uma ampliação da análise para os 805 municípios da região assim como uma melhor especificação das variáveis institucionais.---------------------------------------------The discussion presented in this work represents itself as part of a study that attempts to understand the deforestation of Amazonia Legal Brazilian introducing institutional perspective to the discussion. It seeks to examine the environmental institutional structure of the municipalities in the region of the Brazilian Amazon legal (summarizing the information by state) and try to identify how differences in the institutional arrangements of these municipalities may have led to different rates of deforestation during the process of economic development of respective states of the region. This development is based, above all, the expansion of the border farming, given the expansion of livestock cutting and the cultivation of grain, mainly from soybean. The initial assumption accepted, already widely found in the literature on the subject is that this type of economic growth is strongly related to a large portion of the increase in the rate of deforestation in the Amazon region observed. Already the addition of the institutional perspective, through analysis of the environmental institutions at the municipal level, suggests that the dynamics of negative impact on the Amazon jungle is exacerbated by the existence of a fragile institutional structure in this region.Amazônia legal brasileira, municípios, arranjos institucionais, desmatamento, Brazilian Amazon legal, municipalities, institutional arrangements, deforestation, Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Acoustic emission applied to mode I fatigue damage monitoring of adhesively bonded joints

The use of adhesively bonded joints has increased considerably due to their lightweight, relevant strength-weight ratio and possibility to join multi-materials. Nevertheless, there are still some challenges in the application of this kind of joints in primary structures, such as guaranteeing their reliability during the components’ useful life. Structural health monitoring methods are suggested to ensure in-service safety and reliability of adhesive joints. The acoustic emission appears promising because it can detect the elastic waves produced within the material when it is under damage or straining. This research focuses on mode I fatigue damage monitoring metallic double cantilever beam adhesively bonded joints using the acoustic emission method. Digital image correlation and visual evaluation were applied during fatigue interruptions to track the crack-tip position within the adhesive and correlate them with the acoustic emission outcomes. The acoustic emission method is susceptible and different kinds of waves (background, friction and damage) can be easily assessed during the tests, producing an immense amount of data. So, unsupervised artificial neural networks for patterning recognition were proposed. Self-organising maps and k-means algorithms were used for data clustering and then classified regarding their sources. Finally, the acoustic emission results, digital image correlation and visual evaluations were compared

Usos sociales del tatuaje. Estudio cultural sobre la comunicación no verbal a través del tatuaje, su estigmatización y evolución social en la actualidad

Desde que tenemos registro, la modificación corporal como el tatuaje, escarificación o piercing, ha tenido un uso social ya que, de diferentes formas nos ha servido para diferenciar de alguna forma a los componentes dentro de un grupo o este último en la sociedad. Por lo tanto, cabe comprender que tanto como marca negativa como positiva, el tatuaje ha ayudado a establecer rangos, denominar un líder, diferenciar esclavos de ciudadanos, crear pertenencia o por ende rechazo y traición dentro de una banda criminal o señalar un momento de evolución en la vida de alguien (ya sea por ritual o por tradición); es decir, nos ha guiado y ayudado a evolucionar y, posteriormente, a estudiar esa evolución. Desde hace más de 5.000 años se tiene conocimiento de la existencia de la modificación corporal y de el uso de esto dentro de culturas, pueblos, y tribus. En este estudio, se tendrán en cuenta las distintas culturas y qué papel ha tenido el tatuaje como modificación corporal, se analizará dentro de estas culturas su uso social, y se compararan entre ellas al igual que, se estudiaran los distintos usos que han tenido dentro de diversos grupos marginales como la cultura marítima, prostitución, carcelario y organizaciones criminales. Finalmente se estudiará el avance del significado de los tatuajes a lo largo de la historia y por otro lado cómo ha evolucionado socialmente su estigmatización y prejuicio.Since we have records, body modification such as tattoos, scarification, or piercing has had a social use, as it has served to differentiate individuals within a group or within society in various ways. Therefore, it is important to understand that tattoos have helped establish hierarchies, designate leaders, differentiate slaves from citizens, create a sense of belonging or, consequently, rejection and betrayal within a criminal gang, or mark a moment of evolution in someone's life (whether through ritual or tradition). In other words, tattoos have guided us, helped us evolve, and subsequently led us to study that evolution. Knowledge of the existence of body modification and its use within cultures, peoples, and tribes dates back over 5,000 years. This study will take into account different cultures and the role that tattoos have played as a form of body modification. It will analyze their social use within these cultures and compare them to each other. Additionally, it will examine the various uses they have had within different marginalized groups, such as maritime culture, prostitution, prisons, and criminal organizations. Finally, the study will explore the evolution of the meaning of tattoos throughout history and, on the other hand, how their stigmatization and prejudice have evolved socially.Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Publicidad y Relaciones Pública

La Organización de Cooperación de Shanghai como fuente de seguridad para Rusia en Asia Central

El concepto de seguridad de la Federación Rusa ha ido cambiando a partir del fin de la Guerra Fría en relación con la construcción de identidad, el interés nacional y las condiciones contextuales. Sin embargo, dentro de la percepción del concepto de seguridad después de la desintegración de la Unión Soviética, el espacio centroasiático siempre se ha establecido como un área geográfica prioritaria para Moscú, razón por la cual ha implementado diferentes políticas y mecanismos dentro de los que se destaca la Organización de Cooperación de Shanghái. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar en qué sentido la Organización de Cooperación de Shanghai se establece como una fuente de seguridad para Rusia en Asia Central. Para llevar a cabo este objetivo, inicialmente se identificará la evolución de la percepción del concepto de seguridad por parte de Rusia después de la desintegración de la Unión Soviética, para después hacer alusión al análisis del contexto de seguridad de la región de Asia Central y la importancia que ésta tiene para la Federación Rusa. Finalmente, se buscará identificar los mecanismos de cooperación de la Organización de Cooperación de Shanghai en relación con la identidad y los intereses de Moscú. El desarrollo del trabajo se lleva cabo desde un enfoque teórico constructivista.Politólogo (a)Pregrad