Global political responsibility for the conservation of albatrosses and large petrels

Migratory marine species cross political borders and enter the high seas, where the lack of an effective global management framework for biodiversity leaves them vulnerable to threats. Here, we combine 10,108 tracks from 5775 individual birds at 87 sites with data on breeding population sizes to estimate the relative year-round importance of national jurisdictions and high seas areas for 39 species of albatrosses and large petrels. Populations from every country made extensive use of the high seas, indicating the stake each country has in the management of biodiversity in international waters. We quantified the links among national populations of these threatened seabirds and the regional fisheries management organizations (RFMOs) which regulate fishing in the high seas. This work makes explicit the relative responsibilities that each country and RFMO has for the management of shared biodiversity, providing invaluable information for the conservation and management of migratory species in the marine realm

Direct photon pTp_{\rm T} spectra and correlations measured with ALICE

International audienceThis contribution discusses the measurements of direct photons in pp and Pb--Pb collisions from the LHC Run 2, as recorded by the ALICE experiment. Specifically, we focus on the isolated photons results obtained at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV. The isolated photons $\gamma^{\rm iso}$ spectra in pp and Pb--Pb collisions are presented together with the nuclear modification factor, that is found to be consistent with unity. The azimuthal correlations of $\gamma^{\rm iso}$ with hadrons in Pb--Pb and the hadron$z_{\rm T}$ distributions $D(z_{\rm T})$ are presented, showing a centrality-dependent suppression compared to the pQCD NLO pp reference

Direct photon pTp_{\rm T} spectra and correlations measured with ALICE

This contribution discusses the measurements of direct photons in pp and Pb--Pb collisions from the LHC Run 2, as recorded by the ALICE experiment. Specifically, we focus on the isolated photons results obtained at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV. The isolated photons $\gamma^{\rm iso}$ spectra in pp and Pb--Pb collisions are presented together with the nuclear modification factor, that is found to be consistent with unity. The azimuthal correlations of $\gamma^{\rm iso}$ with hadrons in Pb--Pb and the hadron$z_{\rm T}$ distributions $D(z_{\rm T})$ are presented, showing a centrality-dependent suppression compared to the pQCD NLO pp reference

Direct photon pTp_{\rm T} spectra and correlations measured with ALICE

International audienceThis contribution discusses the measurements of direct photons in pp and Pb--Pb collisions from the LHC Run 2, as recorded by the ALICE experiment. Specifically, we focus on the isolated photons results obtained at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV. The isolated photons $\gamma^{\rm iso}$ spectra in pp and Pb--Pb collisions are presented together with the nuclear modification factor, that is found to be consistent with unity. The azimuthal correlations of $\gamma^{\rm iso}$ with hadrons in Pb--Pb and the hadron$z_{\rm T}$ distributions $D(z_{\rm T})$ are presented, showing a centrality-dependent suppression compared to the pQCD NLO pp reference

Fatores relacionados a vulnerabilidade no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19: uma revisão integrativa

A pandemia da COVID-19 afetou tanto epidemiologicamente quanto socialmente as camadas mais vulneráveis da sociedade mundial. Nesse cenário, a atual revisão integrativa, teve como objetivo determinar como a COVID-19 atinge as zonas vulneráveis da população. Para a seleção dos artigos científicos utilizou-se como banco de dados National Library of Medicine and National Institutes of Health (PUBMED), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e o exemplar dessa revisão institui-se de 18 artigos originais. Consecutivo a análise dos artigos contidos nesse estudo, os resultados dos estudos salientam que os prejuízos da pandemia envolvem vários fatores sociais, econômicos e epidemiológicos, além de um alarmante dano em regiões que predomina indivíduos marginalizados. Em face ao exposto, conclui-se que há uma relação entre a COVID-19 e as regiões vulnerabilizadas. Dessa forma, os elevados níveis de mortalidade, juntamente com estragos econômicos, sociais e políticos, provocados pela rápida proliferação do SARS-CoV-2, estabelecem a atual realidade mundial

Analysis of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Genotypic Lineage Distribution in Chile and Neighboring Countries

<div><p>Tuberculosis (TB), caused by the pathogen <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (MTB), remains a disease of high importance to global public health. Studies into the population structure of MTB have become vital to monitoring possible outbreaks and also to develop strategies regarding disease control. Although Chile has a low incidence of MTB, the current rates of migration have the potential to change this scenario. We collected and analyzed a total of 458 <i>M</i>. <i>tuberculosis</i> isolates (1 isolate per patient) originating from all 15 regions of Chile. The isolates were genotyped using the spoligotyping method and the data obtained were analyzed and compared with the SITVIT2 database. A total of 169 different patterns were identified, of which, 119 patterns (408 strains) corresponded to Spoligotype International Types (SITs) and 50 patterns corresponded to orphan strains. The most abundantly represented SITs/lineages were: SIT53/T1 (11.57%), SIT33/LAM3 (9.6%), SIT42/LAM9 (9.39%), SIT50/H3 (5.9%), SIT37/T3 (5%); analysis of the spoligotyping minimum spanning tree as well as spoligoforest were suggestive of a recent expansion of SIT42, SIT50 and SIT37; all of which potentially evolved from SIT53. The most abundantly represented lineages were LAM (40.6%), T (34.1%) and Haarlem (13.5%). LAM was more prevalent in the Santiago (43.6%) and Concepción (44.1%) isolates, rather than the Iquique (29.4%) strains. The proportion of X lineage was appreciably higher in Iquique and Concepción (11.7% in both) as compared to Santiago (1.6%). Global analysis of MTB lineage distribution in Chile versus neighboring countries showed that evolutionary recent lineages (LAM, T and Haarlem) accounted together for 88.2% of isolates in Chile, a pattern which mirrored MTB lineage distribution in neighboring countries (n = 7378 isolates recorded in SITVIT2 database for Peru, Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina; and published studies), highlighting epidemiological advantage of Euro-American lineages in this region. Finally, we also observed exclusive emergence of patterns SIT4014/X1 and SIT4015 (unknown lineage signature) that have hitherto been found exclusively in Chile, indicating that conditions specific to Chile, along with the unique genetic makeup of the Chilean population, might have allowed for a possible co-evolution leading to the success of these emerging genotypes.</p></div

Description of clusters containing >1% (n = 5 or more isolates) in this study, and their worldwide distribution in the SITVIT2 database.

<p>Description of clusters containing >1% (n = 5 or more isolates) in this study, and their worldwide distribution in the SITVIT2 database.</p

Spoligoforest tree based on all spoligotypes (n = 458 isolates).

<p>Spoligoforest was drawn using the Fruchterman-Reingold algorithm from the SpolTools software (<a href="http://www.emi.unsw.edu.au/spolTools" target="_blank">http://www.emi.unsw.edu.au/spolTools</a>)[<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0160434#pone.0160434.ref029" target="_blank">29</a>], and reshaped and colored using the GraphViz software (<a href="http://www.graphviz.org/" target="_blank">http://www.graphviz.org</a>)[<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0160434#pone.0160434.ref030" target="_blank">30</a>]. Each spoligotype pattern from the study is represented by a node with area size being proportional to the total number of isolates with that specific pattern. Changes (loss of spacers) are represented by directed edges between nodes, with the arrowheads pointing to descendant spoligotypes. The heuristic used selects a single inbound edge with a maximum weight using a Zipf model. Solid black lines link patterns that are very similar, i.e., loss of one spacer only (maximum weigh being 1.0), while dashed lines represent links of weight comprised between 0.5 and 1, and dotted lines a weight less than 0.5.</p