Struktur Komunitas Makrozoobentos di Daerah Padang Lamun Muara Sungai Riau Kota Tanjungpinang Provinsi Kepulauan Riau

This research was conducted in June 2013 at Riau River Estuary inTanjungpinang City Riau Islands Province. This research aimed to find out themacrozoobenthos community structure and its relationship to seagrass vegetation.The method on the research was survey method. The existence of macrozoobenthosin this area showed the dynamic symbiosis among seagrass and marine organisms.The results also showed seagrass ecosystem had the high potential to be managed andused by communities and also increasing the fisheries productivity on coastal area.Species composition of macrozoobenthos in the area consisted of 8 species, i.e.Strombus sp, Cerithidea quadrata, Pina bicolor, Anadara sp, Anadara inflata,Atactodea striata, Asteroidea sp and Diadema sitosum. Two species of seagrassvegetation were found in this area, those were Enhalus acoroides, and Halophilaovalis. T-test analysis showed that the average of macrozoobenthos abundance oneach station differed unsignificantly (p>0,05). The regression analysis showed thatrelationship among seagrass vegetation diversity and macrozoobenthos abundancewas at r=0,35

The Effect of Training on Knowledge and Skill of Early Detection of High Risk Pregnancy in Community Health Workers in Semarang, Central Java

Background: The maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in Indonesia is still high with an estimated 305 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. Community health workers (CHWs) play a vital role in facilitating the continuum of care by acting as the bridge between the community and the health facility. However, CHWs are often not well-trained and many do not have the instruments needed to early detect high risk pregnancy. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of training in improving knowledge and skill of CHWs in early detection of high risk pregnancy. Subjects and Method: This was a quasi-experimental study with one group pre and post test design. The study was conducted in Bandarharjo, Semarang, Central Java, from July to August 2017. A sample of 39 community health workers (CHWs) was selected for this study. The CHWs received training on early detection of high-risk pregnancy. The dependent variables were knowledge and skill in the early detection of high risk pregnancy. The independent variable was training. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by Wilcoxon test. Results: Knowledge after training (mean= 81.73, SD= 15.10) was higher than before training (mean= 76.28; SD= 13.58) with p= 0.006. Skill after training (mean= 79.13, SD= 9.41) was higher before training (mean= 58.84; SD= 10.08) with p<0.001. Conclusion: Training is effective in improving knowledge and skill in the early detection of high risk pregnancy of the community health workers. Keywords: training, early detection, high risk pregnancy, knowledge, skill, community health worke

THE “UNJUST ENRICHMENT” IN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS: A PROPHETIC LEGAL PARADIGM

The purpose of this study is to analyze the implications of the concept of Unjust Enrichment in the realm of intellectual property rights and the orientation of the application of the concept of Unjust Enrichment in the realm of intellectual property rights from a prophetic law perspective. This research is a normative legal research using a case, concept, and statutory approach. The results of the study state that the implication of the concept of Unjust Enrichment in the realm of intellectual property rights is intended to protect creators of works or holders of intellectual property rights, especially in fulfilling economic rights. The orientation of the application of the concept of Unjust Enrichment in the realm of intellectual property rights in the perspective of prophetic law is that the Supreme Court Decision which becomes jurisprudence must be a guide and guide for judges in resolving cases related to Unjust Enrichment in the realm of intellectual property rights. The main finding in this study is that three aspects of prophetic law, namely liberation, humanization, and transcendence are three aspects that must be met and considered in the application of the concept of Unjust Enrichment in all rules related to intellectual property rights, including the formulation of sanctions as well as legal remedies that can be taken if there is a loss suffered by the holder of intellectual property rights

Resolving genetic relationships in manna group of lichens from genus Aspicilia

As in many lichen-forming fungi, species of Aspicilia genus are widely distributed all over the world, but no reports exist about their phylogenetic relations based on molecular biological methods. In thecurrent study the phylogenetic relations of some Aspicilia species mainly manna group of lichens were investigated. The ITS rDNA sequence information of 12 samples from six species were generated. The samples examined were collected from different provinces of Anatolia and all the sequences were aligned with the other allied groups; Pertusaria sp., Thamnolia sp., Dibaeis sp., Diploschistes sp.,Ochrolechia sp. and Lecanora sp. sequence data obtained from GenBank. The phylogenetic tree obtained by minimum evolution analysis displayed two major branches. One of the branches with itssix members (Aspicilia contorta subsp. contorta, A. contorta subsp. hoffmanniana, Aspicilia hispida, Aspicilia fruticulosa, Aspicilia desertorum Aspicilia calcarea) composed solely of Aspicilia samplesfrom Anatolia. Three of the manna groups of lichens were placed in this branch of the tree. The other related taxa from Ostropomycetidae and Lecanoromycetidae took place in the other branch of the treewith Aspicilia samples from Anatolia. Results displayed that manna group of lichens, although do not represent taxonomical unit tend to form a group especially apperent by the Neigbour Joining analysiswith Anatolian samples. Also the sequence information from Anatolian samples displayed that Aspicilia genus is phylogenetically closer to the orders and families from Ostropomycetidae subclass rather than Lecanoromycetidae which support the placement of Hymeneliaceae within Ostropomycetidae

Eksistensi Sanksi Administratif Bisnis Digital dalam Perspektif Economic Analysis of Law

Penelitian ini berfokus pada analisis atas isu hukum yaitu konflik aturan antara Pasal 65 ayat (6) UU Perdagangan dengan Pasal 80 PP PMSE terkait dengan sanksi administratif dalam perspektif Economic Analysis of Law (EAL). Hal ini karena dalam perspektif EAL, peran pemerintah penting sebagai regulator atas berbagai perkembangan bisnis yang ada. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual dan perundang-undangan. Hasil penelitian menegaskan bahwa problematika hukum terkait sanksi administratif dalam bisnis digital adalah adanya konflik hukum terkait sanksi administratif dalam bisnis digital yaitu sebagaimana dalam ketentuan Pasal 65 ayat (6) UU Perdagangan dengan Pasal 80 PP PMSE. Berdasarkan asas lex superior derogate legi inferior ketentuan Pasal 65 ayat (6) UU Perdagangan lah yang berlaku. Hal ini dikarenakan berdasarkan ketentuan Undang-Undang No. 12 Tahun 2011 Tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan (UU P3), maka secara hierarkis kedudukan UU Perdagangan adalah lebih tinggi dari PP PMSE. Hal ini berimplikasi bahwa setiap pelaku usaha bisnis digital yang tidak mencantumkan informasi atau data yang wajib dituangkan dalam bisnis digital sebagaimana dalam Pasal 65 ayat (4) UU Perdagangan, maka dikenakan sanksi administratif berupa pencabutan izin.   Sanksi administratif bisnis digital dalam perspektif EAL adalah tidak memenuhi aspek keberdayagunaan (utility), nilai (value), serta efisiensi (efficiency). Hal ini dikarenakan Pasal 65 ayat (6) UU Perdagangan justru menempatkan sanksi administratif berupa pencabutan izin secara langsung sebagai langkah utama, sehingga dapat berimplikasi pada iklim bisnis yang kondusif di masyarakat. Dengan demikian, mengacu pada analisis EAL maka ketentuan yang relevan adalah diberlakukannya sanksi administratif secara berjenjang sebagaimana dalam Pasal 80 PP PMSE. Oleh karena itu, ke depan perlu adanya revisi ketentuan dalam Pasal 65 ayat (6) UU Perdagangan sehingga dikonstruksikan sesuai dengan rumusan Pasal 80 PP PMSE