PREVENÇÃO DA TRANSMISSÃO VERTICAL DA SÍFILIS: ABORDAGENS DE RASTREIO E TRATAMENTO DA GESTANTE

Syphilis in pregnant women is a disease on the list of compulsorily notifiable diseases. This obligation is aimed at controlling the transmission of Treponema pallidum and monitoring the behavior of the infection in pregnant women, in order to plan and evaluate treatment, prevention and control measures. Given the complexity and seriousness of the clinical manifestations in the life of the newborn, this study aims to elucidate how vertical transmission of syphilis is prevented, including screening and treatment of pregnant women. The article was developed through a systematic literature review, and the articles selected for the study were taken from the SciELO, PubMed and VHL databases. Prevention of congenital syphilis begins in prenatal care, with testing in the first and last trimesters of pregnancy. Treatment should be carried out with intramuscular benzylpenicillin benzathine if active syphilis is confirmed and the criteria for assessing whether treatment has been carried out properly should be applied during outpatient follow-up. It is important to emphasize that, even given the seriousness of the repercussions of congenital syphilis, the country still faces inadequate conditions for the diagnosis and treatment of syphilis, thus preventing the early identification and correct treatment of pregnant women with acquired syphilis.A sífilis em gestantes é uma doença que faz parte da lista de agravos de notificação compulsória. Tal obrigatoriedade tem como objetivo controlar a transmissão do Treponema pallidum e acompanhar o comportamento da infecção na gestante, para planejar e avaliar as medidas de tratamento, prevenção e controle. Tendo em vista a complexidade e gravidade das manifestações clínicas na vida do recém nascido, o presente estudo objetiva elucidar como se dá a prevenção da transmissão vertical da sífilis, contemplando o rastreio e o tratamento da gestante. O artigo foi desenvolvido por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, e os artigos selecionados para compor o estudo foram retirados das bases de dado SciELO, PubMed e BVS. A prevenção da sífilis congênita tem início no pré-natal, com testagens no primeiro e no último trimestre da gestação. O tratamento deve ser realizado com benzilpenicilina benzatina intramuscular se sífilis ativa confirmada e os critérios para avaliar se o tratamento foi realizado adequadamente devem ser aplicados no seguimento ambulatorial. É importante ressaltar que, mesmo diante das gravidade da repercussão da sífilis congênita, o país ainda enfrenta condições inadequadas para o diagnóstico e tratamento da sífilis, impedindo, assim, a identificação precoce e o tratamento correto das gestantes com sífilis adquirida

DIAGNÓSTICO PRECOCE DA DOENÇA DE ALZHEIMER: IMPORTÂNCIA E DESAFIOS.

Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder common in older people and its pathophysiology is not yet well explained, but it is known that genetic factors are involved in its development.  It is a chronic pathology that presents senile plaques and is characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive function, with damage mainly to short-term memory, language, reasoning and critical judgment. In view of the epidemiological impact of Alzheimer's disease, this paper aims to address the importance of early diagnosis of the disease, in order to highlight the challenges faced in its diagnosis. The study was based on a literature review. The articles were selected for the study after searching the SciELO, PubMed and VHL databases.  The descriptors used to find the related studies were "Alzheimer's Disease" and "Early Diagnosis".  As a result, it was observed that early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease is of paramount importance for adequate access to treatment, planning and preparing the family for future challenges, seeking emotional support, safety and adequate care. However, challenges such as intra-laboratory variability, overlap with other forms of dementia and high cost mean that early diagnosis using biomarkers is limited.A Doença de Alzheimer é um acometimento neurodegenerativo comum em pessoas com mais idade e sua fisiopatologia ainda não é bem explicada, mas sabe-se da carga genética envolvida em seu desenvolvimento.  Trata-se de uma patologia crônica, que apresenta placas senis e é caracterizada pelo declínio progressivo da função cognitiva, com prejuízo principalmente da memória a curto prazo, linguagem, raciocínio e juízo crítico. Tendo em vista o impacto epidemiológico da Doença de Alzheimer, o presente trabalho objetiva abordar a importância do diagnóstico precoce da doença, de modo a evidenciar os desafios enfrentados em seu diagnóstico. O estudo foi desenvolvido a partir da revisão de literatura. Os artigos foram selecionados para compor o estudo após buscas das bases de dado SciELO, PubMed e BVS.  Os descritores utilizados para encontrar os estudos relacionados foram “Doença de Alzheimer” e “Diagnóstico Precoce”.  Como resultado, observou-se que diagnóstico precoce da Doença de Alzheimer é de suma importância para acesso adequado ao tratamento, planejamento e preparação da família para desafios futuros, busca por suporte emocional, segurança e cuidados adequados. No entanto, desafios como variabilidade intralaboratorial, sobreposição com outras formas de demência e alto custo fazem com que o diagnóstico precoce a partir do uso de biomarcadores seja limitado

Transtorno bipolar em crianças: análise de relato de caso 2018-2023

O transtorno bipolar em crianças é uma realidade clínica que demanda atenção especializada. A compreensão dos sintomas, fatores de risco, prevalência e desafios diagnósticos é fundamental para proporcionar intervenções precoces e adequadas, visando melhorar a qualidade de vida desses jovens e reduzir o impacto a longo prazo dessa condição psiquiátrica. Trata-se de um estudo cujo objetivo foi objetivo revisar relatos de caso publicados entre 2018 e 2023 sobre transtorno bipolar em crianças, identificando o estado da arte desses estudos. Para isso, se realizou uma revisão sistemática de literatura utilizando as bases de dados Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO). Com a análise e interpretação qualitativa dos resultados, a principal conclusão deste estudo é que o transtorno bipolar na infância é uma condição complexa, manifestando-se com comportamentos consistentes com o Transtorno de Conduta e sendo influenciado por fatores ambientais, familiares e genéticos. O tratamento eficaz requer uma abordagem multidisciplinar, integrando intervenções farmacológicas e não farmacológicas, personalizadas conforme as necessidades individuais. A supervisão familiar é crucial para a adesão ao tratamento, mas reconhece-se a necessidade contínua de pesquisa para aprimorar as estratégias terapêuticas diante da diversidade de casos

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Serum levels of vitamin A, visual function and ocular surface after bariatric surgery

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for severe obesity, but the surgery increases the risk of developing nutritional deficiencies, such as vitamin A deficiency. In human metabolism, vitamin A plays a role in vision. OBJECTIVE To evaluate serum vitamin A, visual function and ocular surface of patients undergoing bariatric surgery. METHODS A cross-sectional and analytical study was conduced with 28 patients undergoing bariatric surgery for at least 6 months. Ophthalmologic evaluation was done through color vision test, contrast sensitivity test, ocular surface tests and confocal microscopy, as well as vitamin A serum measurement. RESULTS Vertical sleeve gastrectomy was performed in seven (25.0%) patients and Roux -en-Y gastric by-pass in 21 (75.0%). Mean serum vitamin A level was 1.7±0.5 µmoL/L. Most patients (60.7%) had symptoms of dry eye. Five (17.9%) patients had contrast sensitivity impairment and 18 (64.3%) color vision changes. In the group of patients undergoing Roux -en-Y gastric by-pass , mean vitamin A levels were 1.8±0.6 µmoL/L, whereas they were 1.7±0.5 µmoL/L in patients submitted to the restrictive technique vertical sleeve gastrectomy . The analysis of the influence of serum levels of vitamin A in the visual function and ocular surface was performed by Pearson correlation test and there was no significant correlation between any of the variables and vitamin A. CONCLUSION There was no influence of the bariatric surgery technique used on serum vitamin A levels, on the visual function or on the ocular surface. Moreover, there was no correlation between serum levels of vitamin A and the visual function or the ocular surface changes