284 research outputs found
Boustrophedonic Frames: Quasi-Optimal L2 Caching for Textures in GPUs
© 2023 Copyright held by the owner/author(s). This document is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
This document is the Accepted version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in 32nd International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques (PACT), Viena, Austria, October 2023. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.1109/PACT58117.2023.00019Literature is plentiful in works exploiting cache locality for GPUs. A majority of them explore replacement or bypassing policies. In this paper, however, we surpass this exploration by fabricating a formal proof for a no-overhead quasi-optimal caching technique for caching textures in graphics workloads. Textures make up a significant part of main memory traffic in mobile GPUs, which contributes to the total GPU energy consumption. Since texture accesses use a shared L2 cache, improving the L2 texture caching efficiency would decrease main memory traffic, thus improving energy efficiency, which is crucial for mobile GPUs. Our proposal reaches quasi-optimality by exploiting the frame-to-frame reuse of textures in graphics. We do this by traversing frames in a boustrophedonic1 manner w.r.t. the frame-to-frame tile order. We first approximate the texture access trace to a circular trace and then forge a formal proof for our proposal being optimal for such traces. We also complement the proof with empirical data that demonstrates the quasi-optimality of our no-cost proposal
Sugarcane (Saccharum sp. Hybrid) propagated in headspace renovating systems shows autotrophic characteristics and develops improved anti-oxidative response
Previous results have shown that sugarcane plantlets
micropropagated in Temporary Immersion Bioreactors
(TIB) demonstrated a better morphology and physiological
behaviour when compared to plantlets propagated in Gelled
Medium (GM). The present work focuses on the onset of
oxidative stress symptoms at transfer to ex vitro and during
acclimatization. The specific ROS being produced were
identified and tissue-located by infiltrating leaves with
specific O2
−.and H2O2 staining dyes, respectively NBT and
DAB. TIB plantlets showed trichomes stained with NBT and
DAB, their density decreasing with time. Stomata were
coloured with NBT and DAB in GM and, at the end of
acclimatization, plantlets from both systems presented the
lowest level of staining of both stomata and trichomes. The
response of the anti-oxidative system was also analysed
through in vitro and in gel enzyme activities and transcription
levels of genes for key response enzymes. At the end of
the in vitro phase, GM plantlets showed higher activities of
APX and MDHAR, while CAT, GR, GT and DHAR
activities increased in TIB. At the end of acclimatization
SOD and CAT increased mainly in TIB, while GM induced
the increase of APX. The immunobloting of peroxiredoxins showed that Prxs were expressed at higher levels in TIB
plantlets, some showing polymerization. The transcription of
genes coding for key response enzymes was strongly upregulated
in GM plantlets. In conclusion and comparing with
GM, TIB produced plantlets closer to autotrophy and with
improved mobilization of the anti-oxidative response
Physiological Benefits and Performance of Sea Water Ingestion for Athletes in Endurance Events: A Systematic Review
In different endurance events, athletes have limited access to fluid intake, such as ultraendurance
running. For this reason, it is necessary to establish an adequate hydration strategy for
this type of long-duration sporting event. Indeed, it seems that the intake of seawater is a suitable
hydration alternative to improve post-exercise recovery in this type of endurance event. This seawater
is characterized by being a deep natural mineral water of moderate mineralization, which is usually
extracted from a depth of about 700 m. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the
efficacy of seawater consumption in both performance and post-exercise recovery in long-duration
sport events. A systematic and comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus,
andWeb of Science in September 2022. Initially, 8 out of 558 articles met the inclusion criteria. Among
these eight studies, six were randomized clinical trials, and two were observational studies (one
cross-sectional and one prospective study in well-conditioned student athletes). The results showed
that deep sea water consumption accelerated the recovery of aerobic capacity and leg muscle capacity
on running performance. In addition, the lactate production after the running exercise in seawater
was significantly lower than in pure water. In conclusion, the present review demonstrates that
seawater consumption could significantly improve the capacity of recovery after exercise."Fundacion Ramon Areces", Madrid, SpainConsejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT) 218582/47197
Changes in soil cryptogamic communities in tropical Ecuadorean páramos
Altitudinal gradients involve macroclimatic changes that can affect the diversity of several organisms. We tested the effects of elevation and small-scale variables on the diversity and composition of terricolous communities (lichens and bryophytes) in five páramos in southern Ecuador. The altitudinal range considered (from 2700 to 4000 m a.s.l.) is associated with changes in rainfall, temperature and irradiance. At each páramo, forty 40 x 40 cm2 sample plots were randomly selected in similar areas of vegetation (grass páramo) and conservation status. The presence/absence and cover of lichens and bryophytes were recorded in 200 sample plots. A total of 90 species (46 lichens and 44 bryophytes) were identified. Our results showed that total species richness, lichen and bryophyte richness, Simpson’s inverse and Shannon’s index were related to elevation and slope. Nevertheless, the response to elevation was dependent on the organism considered. Thus, meanwhile lichens had their maximum richness at the highest elevation (3930 m a.s.l.), bryophytes had a maximum peak at middle elevation (3300 m a.s.l.). Species composition also differed significantly among the five páramos, especially in bryophytes. We conclude that differences in the elevation of these páramos and small-scale variables such as slope significantly affect the diversity and composition of terricolous communities.
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Supporting Information
Supporting Information
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Renal Morphology, Clinical Findings, and Progression Rate in Mesoamerican Nephropathy
BackgroundMesoamerican nephropathy (MeN) is a chronic kidney disease affecting rural inhabitants in Central America. We have previously described the renal morphology in 8 patients from El Salvador. To confirm the renal pathology, we have studied kidney biopsies from patients with MeN in Nicaragua. Follow-up urine and blood samples from both biopsy studies were collected to investigate the natural history
Inhibition of tumour necrosis factor and IL-17 production by leflunomide involves the JAK/STAT pathway
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