Nuevo retrato lingüístico de Andalucía

346 páginas. Se incluyen 3 ficheros: pdf máxima calidad; pdf para web; epubObra financiada parcialmente por el Grupo de investigación "El español hablado en Andalucía" de la Universidad de Sevilla (http://grupo.us.es/ehandalucia/). Desde que a mediados del siglo XX se elaboró, bajo la dirección de M. Alvar, la obra titánica del Atlas Lingüístico y Etnográfico de Andalucía (ALEA), cuyos seis volúmenes fueron apareciendo entre 1961 y 1973, miles de escritos se han ocupado de las hablas andaluzas, si bien es preciso llevar a cabo una drástica criba que haga aflorar las verdaderas aportaciones a su conocimiento. La imagen que del andaluz se ha ido configurando, dentro y fuera de la región, continúa siendo parcial, porque está basada casi exclusivamente en la pronunciación y en cierto léxico, cuando la clave para saber cómo hablan español los andaluces ha de buscarse sobre todo en la construcción de las secuencias y el contorno melódico, y por la notable subjetividad de bastantes de los juicios valorativos Y resulta parcialmente desfigurada, entre otras razones, porque la lengua refleja que la Andalucía actual poco tiene que ver con la atrasada de no hace tantas décadas. Para captar la heterogeneidad del habla andaluza harían falta potentes “cámaras” en movimiento que recogieran diversas situaciones de comunicación. Aquí se proponen unos cuantos encuadres que pueden contribuir a lograr un retrato más ajustado a la realidad de algunos de los diversos usos idiomáticos de los andaluces

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

Utilidad de la poligrafía respiratoria en población infantil, previo cribado con oximetría nocturna

Tesis inédita presentada en la Universidad Europea de Madrid. Escuela de Doctorado e Investigación. Programa de Doctorado en Biomedicina y Ciencias de la SaludNo data 2022UE

Satisfaction among sleep apnea patients: telematic compared with conventional follow-up

Introduction: Telemonitoring systems could play an important role in the treatment of the Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome. The principal aim of this research is to describe the characteristics of patients under CPAP treatment (telematic and conventional follow-up) and to compare the satisfaction in both groups. The second aim is to evaluate the patient's dropout Methods: Prospective single-blind randomized study. Patients who started using a CPAP were randomized to conventional o telematic treatment. The inclusion period was a year and the follow up, 6 months. Patients were asked about symptomatic and quality of life improvement using the CSQ 8 questionnaire. Results: 84 patients were recruited. 53 were men(63%) and 31 women(37%). Characteristics of the analyzed population are shown in Table 1. In the conventional group 95% patients completed the follow up period, while in the telematic one 85%. Patient satisfaction was measured using the CSQ8 questionnaire and the average score in both groups was 28.6. 95% and 91% of the patients in the conventional and telematic group found an improvement in their symptoms respectively. 85% in both groups described an improvement in their quality of life and almost 50% in social relationship Conclusions: Patients undergoing treatment with telematic follow-up also have perception of satisfaction and overall improvement of symptoms (as those with face-to-face visits)Sin financiación16.671 JCR (2020) Q1, 3/64 Respiratory System4.021 SJR (2020) Q1, 46/2446 Medicine (miscellaneous)No data IDR 2020UE

Influence of Chronotypes in Respiratory Pathology

The circadian rhythm of sleep occurs in a cyclical 24-h pattern that is adjusted by the influence of several main synchronizers or “zeitgebers”. The most powerful synchronizer is the light–dark alternation, but also, socio-economic factors play a role, such as social and work relationships. Circadian rhythm regulation plays a crucial role in human health. This disruption of circadian rhythm can lead to increased incidence of diseases: diabetes, obesity, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, increased risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke. Polygenic variations and environmental factors influence the circadian rhythm of each person. This is known as chronotype, which manifests itself as the degree of morning of evening preferences of each individual. There are indications to establish an association between individual chronotype preferences and the behavior of respiratory diseases. Resumen: El ritmo circadiano del sueño ocurre en un patrón cíclico de 24 horas que se ajusta por la influencia de varios sincronizadores principales o zeitgebers. El sincronizador más poderoso es la alternancia luz-oscuridad, además de los factores socioeconómicos, las relaciones sociales y las laborales. La regulación del ritmo circadiano juega un papel crucial en la salud humana. Esta interrupción del ritmo circadiano puede conducir a una mayor incidencia de enfermedades: diabetes, obesidad, cáncer, enfermedades neurodegenerativas, mayor riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular e ictus.Las variaciones poligénicas y los factores ambientales influyen en el ritmo circadiano de cada persona. Esto se conoce como cronotipo, que se manifiesta como el grado de preferencias matutinas o vespertinas de cada individuo. Existen indicios para establecer una asociación entre las preferencias individuales de cronotipo y el comportamiento de las enfermedades respiratorias

Quistes pulmonares: ¿y si la causa fuera genética?

El síndrome de Birt-Hogg-Dubé es una entidad clínica rara, de herencia autosómica dominante, que se caracteriza por lesiones cutáneas tipo fibrofoliculomas, quistes pulmonares de predominio basal y un mayor riesgo de desarrollar cáncer renal. En nuestro caso describimos una paciente de 53 años que acude a la consulta de dermatología por una lesión nasal, siendo finalmente diagnosticada de Birt-Hogg-Dubé