Quantitative analysis of Mouza map image to estimate land area using zooming and Canny edge detection

In Bangladesh, mouza map is used to maintain the record of land measurement, which is a form of interpreting land ownership as well as estimation. Unfortunately, the automatic determination of land is still under development. As a result, land administrators have to encounter multiple hurdles while evaluating any area by employing local civil engineers. Thus, our country needs an automated land estimation system so that it can reduce time, cost and other difficulties which inspired us to develop a system that requires only mouza map image. Once image acquisition is done, we applied the curvature interpolation techniqueto zoom the map that helps to select any area by the Area Selection Method. The selected area is then segmented by employing the Canny edge detection method. Finally, the area is calculated from the segmented image and extracted features of the selected location. Compared to the field measurement, the system gave the accuracy of 89.8%. Hence, the land administrators will be able to provide the land information to the landowners promptly

Voice mail application for visually impaired persons

Technology-based applications are developed day by day in the whole world. But more of those are unusable for the visually impaired people. One of such applications, email has become an important and significant part of formal communication in the professional world. Thus, Voice Mail turns out to be an application through which visionless people can easily send or receive emails. The application uses “Voice to Text” and “Text to Voice” conversion to be usable for the visually impaired people. The system at first takes voice signals from the users as inputs, processes the signals and then converts that voice signals into the text. After that a text processing method is applied to convert the text into voice. Finally, the gmail server is used to connect the server with generating address to send or receive any mail. This application is useful for not only blind people but also for the normal people who always remain busy and doesn’t have time to type in keyboard. Moreover, this application is very much helpful and efficient in time utilization

Postpartum breast complications and breast-feeding practices in a baby-friendly hospital in Bangladesh

Background: Breastfeeding is essential for health of both infants and mothers, but it often encounters challenges such as postpartum breast complications. These issues can adversely affect maternal health and significantly hinder success of breastfeeding practices. Aim of study was to assess postpartum breast complications and breast-feeding practices. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in department of obstetrics and gynaecology, Dhaka medical college hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from February 2006 to July 2006. Two hundred patients in the postnatal ward who delivered their babies at DMCH were randomly selected. Result: Among 200 postnatal women, 33.5% experienced breast problems. Women with breast problems were designated as group A and women without breast problems were designated as group B. Most women in groups A and B were aged between 21-30 years with average 24.8 years for both groups. Antenatal check-ups were similar across groups, with breastfeeding advice given to 55.2% in group A and 64.7% in group B pre-lacteal feeds were given to 19.4% of group A and 21.8% of group B neonates, while colostrum was fed to the majority. Most neonates were breastfed within 2 hours. Good breastfeeding position and attachment were observed in most cases. Exclusive breastfeeding was more common in group B (73.7%) than in group A (58.2%). Breast problems in group A included engorgement, lactation insufficiency, and nipple issues. Conclusions: The study reveals that postpartum breast complications, notably breast engorgement and lactation insufficiency, significantly affects the breastfeeding effectiveness of new mothers

Economic analysis of tilapia farming in some selected area of Dinajpur District: A comparison between monoculture and polyculture

The study was conducted to assess the cost and return from tilapia farming. Fifty homestead aquaculture ponds practicing monoculture and polyculture of tilapia (25 farmers from each category) were selected for this study. Data had been collected through face to face interview by using a structured questionnaire during April to September 2015 from the selected farmers of Dinajpur districts. The results from the survey revealed that both the tilapia monoculture and polyculture farming were profitable. However, the average total cost per hectare per production period was found higher (Tk. 332,712.08) in tilapia monoculture than tilapia culture with carps (Tk. 241,722.34). Moreover, the net margin was also found higher in tilapia monoculture with benefit cost ratio 1.51. Whereas, the benefit cost ratio in polyculture farming was 1.34

FISH DIVERSITY AND ITS THREATENED STATUS OF THE DHARLA RIVER IN BANGLADESH

Raznolikost riba riječnog ekosustava postala je smanjena zbog različitih nepogoda uzrokovanih čovjekom i prirodom. U ovoj studiji, u razdoblju od siječnja do prosinca 2018. godine istraživan je trenutni status biološke raznolikosti riba u rijeci Dharala koja se nalazi (25,8103 ° S, 89,6487 ° E) u sjevernom dijelu Bangladeša. U ovoj je studiji postojeći status biološke raznolikosti riba u rijeci Dharala procijenjen prema indeksu raznolikosti i statusa ugroženosti (kako globalnog, tako i lokalnog). Podaci za uzimanje uzoraka prikupljeni su s tri mjesta na rijeci pomoću različitih ribolovnih alata i tri odabrane ribarnice smještene u okrugu Kurigram u Bangladešu. Ukupno je identificirano 76 vrsta riba koje pripadaju u 8 redova, 26 porodica i 57 rodova. Porodica Cyprinidae koja je bila najdominantnija, bila je zastupljena s 14 vrsta, zatim Danionidae (13 vrsta), Bagridae (8 vrsta) i nekoliko manjih porodica. Osim autohtonih vrsta, zabilježeno je i devet egzotičnih vrsta riba. Indeksi raznolikosti prema Shannon-Weaveru (H), ujednačenosti Pielous (e) i bogatstva Margalefa (D) kretali su se od 3,00 do 3,71, 0,62 do 0,94 i 3,94 do 7,95. Od 76 autohtonih vrsta, 28 vrsta (37%) identificirano je kao ugroženo u Bangladešu, što uključuje kritično ugrožene (4 vrste), ranjive (9 vrsta) i ugrožene (15 vrsta). Neselektivni ribolov trovanjem i razornim ribolovnim spravama identificirani su kao glavne prijetnje biološkoj raznolikosti riba na rijeci Dharla. Iako rijeka Dharla služi kao značajna potpora ugroženim autohtonim ribama, potrebni su određeni koraci da se zaustavi razarajući ribolov, uspostave trajna utočišta za ribe i odgovarajući nadzor za održavanje održive biološke raznolikosti.Fish diversity of a riverine ecosystem became reduced due to different manmade and natural calamities. This study investigated the present fish biodiversity status of the Dharala River located (25.8103° N, 89.6487° E) in the northern part of Bangladesh from January to December 2018. In this study, the existing fish biodiversity status of the Dharala River was estimated in terms of diversity indices and threatened status (both global and local). Data was collected from the three sampling sites of the river using different fishing gears and three selected fish markets located in the Kurigram district of Bangladesh. A total of 76 fish species were identified belonging to 8 orders, 26 families and 57 genera. The Cyprinidae was the most dominant family represented by 14 species followed by the Danionidae (13 species), Bagridae (8 species) and few minor families. Apart from the indigenous species, nine exotic fish species were also recorded. The Shannon-Weaver diversity (H), Pielous evenness (e) and Margalef richness (D) indices ranged from 3.00 to 3.71, 0.62 to 0.94 and 3.94 to 7.95, respectively. Out of 76 indigenous species, 28 species (37%) were identified as threatened in Bangladesh, which included critically endangered (4), vulnerable (9) and endangered (15) species. Indiscriminate fishing through poisoning and destructive fishing gears were identified as the major threats to fish biodiversity of the Dharla River. Thus, the river serves as considerable support for threatened indigenous fishes. Therefore, necessary steps are needed to stop destructive fishing, establish permanent fish sanctuaries and proper monitoring for maintaining sustainable biodiversity in the Dharla River

Utilization of maternal health care services in slum areas of Dhaka city, Bangladesh

Bangladesh has one of the highest maternal mortality rates (MMR) in the world. The estimated lifetime risk of dying from pregnancy and childbirth related causes in Bangladesh is about 100 times higher compare to developed countries. However, utilization of maternal health care services (MHCS) is notably low. This study examines the socio-economic determinants of utilization of MHCS in some slum areas of Dhaka city. The overall utilization was 86.3% of women; however, utilization of different sorts of MHCS was very low, i.e., the mean utilization was found to be 2.25 out of 5 MHCS. Indicator wise, ANC, TT, institutional delivery, delivery assistance by health professional and PNC were received by 61.3%, 80.4%, 12.6%, 33.2% and 55.4% of women respectively. Variation was observed with different socio-economic variables. Multiple regression model could explain 38% of variance (P<0.001). Among the significant determinants, order of last birth negatively explained the most variance (15.2%). Similarly, distance between home and clinic was found to affect the utilization negatively. Besides, some respondents’ socio economic variables had a significant positive effect on MHCS utilization. To reduce maternal mortality in disadvantaged women in slum areas, this study might suggest a few pointers while considering formulation of policies and planning. Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2010; 4(2): 44-4

Accumulation of varying quality soil organic matter in sub tropical paddy soils under different land use management

Soil organic carbon (SOC) content of wetland rice cropped soils in subtropical Asia is evolving due to i) decades of very depleted organic matter (OM) returns (commonly even removal of stubble) and ii) due to a general more recent intensification towards two rice cropping seasons per year. Improved OM management of sub-tropical wetland rice soils may steadily improve their low SOC levels through the inhibited decomposition of added OM under flooded conditions, particularly so for now double cropped rice soils. This accumulated soil organic matter (SOM) will improve soil fertility depending on its quality which is of great importance for food security in the densely populated and vulnerable sub-tropical rice growing areas. The quality of SOM is largely influenced by the cropping pattern and its management but experimental evidences for sub-tropical paddy soils on this topic are limited. Therefore, in the first step, changes in SOC in surface soil layer (0-15cm) were studied from two long-term field experiments in Bangladesh running since 1978 and 1982 on a loamy, mixed, non-acid Aeric Haplaquept and a clayey, kaolinitic, Ultic Ustocrept soil (USDA Soil Taxonomy) with rice – rice and rice – wheat cropping pattern, respectively. Both experiments involve combinations of mineral fertilizer dressings and OM application. Results from both experiments showed accumulation of SOC in all treatments including no application of fertilizer and OM (control). The accumulation of SOC was higher with an increasing rate of N fertilizer and also with the quality of added OM, i.e. OM having lower C:N ratios. Most SOC was accumulated in compost, green manure and farmyard manure amended plots compared with rice straw amended plots and control. Accumulation of SOC is still showing a linear trend in both experiments since their establishment by 0.5 t OC ha-1 yr-1 (SOC (g kg-1 soil) = 0.243 X year + 7.49, R2 = 0.78; N=7) in the very young Aeric Haplaquept soil and 2.5 t ha-1 yr-1 (SOC (g kg-1 soil) = 1.29 X year + 39.90, R2 = 0.99; N=4) in the highly weathered clayey, kaolinitic, Ultic Ustocrept soil. Results from these experiments demonstrate SOC sequestration improved with OM amendment on paddy soils having high clay content and initial low carbon content. In the 2nd step, soils were collected from four pairs of fields having vegetable-rice and rice-rice cropping pattern in addition to two long-term field experiments and all the soil samples were subjected to physico-chemical fractionation to investigate the effect of soil management including cropping pattern on SOM quality. Soils were first physically fractionated into particulate organic matter (POM) and silt and clay sized OM. The silt and clay sized OM was further chemically fractionated by oxidation with 6% NaOCl to isolate an oxidation-resistant OM fraction, followed by extraction of mineral bound OM with 10% HF. The results show that there is a slight increase in POM in less fertilized soils representing nearly one third and one fifth of SOC in Aeric Haplaquept and Ultic Ustocrept soil, respectively. The silt and clay sized OM of the both soils receiving only organic amendments were susceptible to oxidation by NaOCl. In the cropping pattern experiment, there was also a small increase in POM in vegetable compared with rice soils. NaOCl oxidized the largest amount of silt and clay sized OM from the vegetable soils. The silt and clay N in vegetable soil was more selectively removed by NaOCl treatment compared with OC. Both the HF-extracted and HF-resistant OM fractions were lower in vegetable soils compared with rice soils. Results from the fractionations suggest that SOM accumulated in organic amended plots and vegetable-rice cropped soils are more labile and prone to loss in any change of land use

SERUM LDL CHOLESTEROL/HDL CHOLESTEROL RATIO ALTERNATIVE TO ALBUMIN IN RELATION TO CORONARY HEART DISEASE

In a study of coronary heart disease in males, their is a correlation between LDL cholesterol/ HDL cholesterol ratio &amp; albumin(r = 0.46,p&lt; 0.001).We then correlated the LDL cholesterol: albumin ratio ( TC: Alb) with the LDL c: HDL –c ratio ( r = 0.12,p&lt; 0.001).An excellent correlation was obtained between LDL-C: Alb ratio separated the patients with normal (&lt;5) and increased (&gt;5) LDL-C: HDL-C ratio better than LDL-C by itself(Amin A Nanji, Suseela Reddy et al). A wide variety of epidemiological data indicates that individual lipoproteins are better predictor of risk factor for coronary heart disease than are the levels of total plasma lipid alone (Castelli WP, Kannel W

COMPARISON OF HIGHLY SENSITIVE CRP AND SERUM CREATININE AS AN EARLY MARKER OF RENAL IMPAIRMENT

failure patients of both sexes not yet treated by dialysis and 50 age and sex matched healthy subjects were included in the study as case (Group-II) and control (Group-I) respectively. In this study, mean serum HS CRP concentration of CRF patients (50.938 ±38.88)mg/l found to be significantly elevated in comparison to control (1.12±.29mg/l). In CRF patients, serum HS CRP found to show a strong negative correlation with creatinine clearance and a strong positive correlation with blood urea, serum creatinine. This study shows an inverse linear relationship between HS CRP and CCRin contrast to the inverse curvilinear relationship found to exist between serum creatinine and creatinine clearance. Regression analysis between CCR and HS CRP shows a rise of HS CRP Y one unit (mg/l) is accompanied by creatinine clearance to be decreased by 0.44ml/min. Mean serum HS CRP concentration in chronic renal failure increases significantly. Early phase of decreased CCR can not be detected by the serum creatinine because serum creatinine does not increase until there is significant fall ( 30 ml/min) of creatinine clearance. In contrast to this serum HS CRP begins to rise from the very beginning of the fall of creatinine clearance. So the early phase of decreased creatinine clearance could be detected by simultaneous rise of serum HS CRP