Comparison of metal uptake capacities of the brown algae Cystoseira barbata and Cystoseira crinita (Phaeophyceae) collected in Sinop, Turkey

Cystoseira barbata (Stackhouse) C. Agardh, 1820 and Cystoseira crinita Duby, 1830 widely distributed and dominant in the Black Sea collected from Sinop coastal zone to monitor the current situation of regional metal pollution during the 2015-2016. Macro-algae, sediments and seawater samples were analyzed for metal contents (Al, As, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The methodology was provided by using standard reference material BCR 279 – Ulva lactuca. The general metal uptake of Cystoseira spp. displayed a tendency in the order of Hg2 and BCF>5000) that was a good indicator for Cystoseira species. As a result of measured values, it is seen that Sinop region is below the pollution level. The observed results of the elemental accumulation noticed that Cystoseira spp. could be used regularly as a bio-monitor of coastal pollution in the study area

Heavy metals health risk appraisal in benthic fish species of the Black Sea

163-168Present study is to provide information on the Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn levels in the muscle of red mullet Mullus barbatus barbatus Linnaeus, 1758 and whiting Merlangius merlangus (Linnaeus, 1758) from Sinop Peninsula of the Black Sea in 2015 fishing season from September to December. This study also compare the measured values with national and international standards for food and human health

The effect of local application of thymoquinone, Nigella sativa?s bioactive component, on bone healing in experimental bone defects infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the influence of local application of thymoquinone (TQ) on bone healing in experimental bone defects infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis (PG). Methods: Forty-two female rats were randomly divided into 6 groups. A bone defect was created on the right tibia of all animals. The PG, PG/collagen membrane (COL) and PG/ TQ/COL groups were infected with PG. In the COL and PG/COL groups, the defects were covered with a COL; in the TQ/COL and PG/TQ/COL groups, the defects were covered with a TQ-containing COL. After 28 days, all animals were sacrificed. Quantitative measurements of new bone formation and osteoblast lining, as well as semiquantitative measurements of capillary density and tissue response, were analyzed. Furthermore, the presence of bacterial infections in defect areas was evaluated. Results: The new bone formation, osteoblast number, and capillary density were significantly higher in the TQ groups than in the control groups (P<0.001, P<0.001, and P<0.01, respectively). In a comparison between the TQ/COL group, with a TQ-containing COL (TQ/COL), and the PG-infected TQ-containing COL (PG/TQ/COL) group, the newly formed bone and capillary density were higher in the TQ/COL group (P<0.01). When the control group was compared to the PG, PG/COL, and PG/TQ/COL groups in terms of tissue response, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.001, P=0.02, and P=0.041, respectively). The intensity of the inflammatory cell reaction was higher in the PG, PG/COL, and PG/TQ/COL groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, the local application of a TQ-containing COL positively affected bone healing even if the bone defects were infected. The results suggest that TQ increased angiogenesis and showed promise for accelerating bone defect healing. Further research is warranted to support these findings and reach more definitive conclusions

Covid-19 tedavisinde kullanılan ilaçların güvenliliği

COVID‐19 hastalığı etkeni SARS‐CoV‐2, ateş, öksürük, nefes darlığı gibisemptomlara neden olan bir virüstür. Ülkemizi ve tüm dünyayı etkileyenCOVID‐19 pandemisinde, spesifik olarak COVID‐19 enfeksiyonu tedavisi içingeliştirilmemiş ve farklı endikasyonlarda kullanılan ilaçların yenidenkonumlandırıldığı ve tedavi ile ilgili pek çok klinik araştırmanın yürütüldüğübilinmektedir. Hastalığın tedavisinde halen klinik araştırmalarla etkililiği vegüvenliliği tanımlanmış bir ilaç bulunmamaktadır. Tedavi yönetimi, eldeedilen klinik deneyime göre güncellenmekte ve farklı ülkelerde farklı tedavilerkullanılmaktadır. Şu an için hastalığın tedavisinde kullanılan ilaçlar arasında;antiviraller, antimalaryaller, antibiyotikler, immunomodülatör ilaçlar veantikoagulan ilaçlar ön plandadır. Tüm bu bahsedilen ilaç gruplarında yer alanilaçların, COVID‐19 hastalığında kullanımında güvenlilikleri ile ilgili olarak dabilgiler gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Antivirallerden remdesivire bağlı karaciğerfonksiyon testlerinde yükseklik, lopinavir‐ritonavire bağlı hiperlipidemi,antimalaryallerden hidroksiklorokin ve antibiyotiklerden azitromisine bağlıQT uzaması, immunomodülatörlerden tosilizumaba bağlı nötropeni,antikoagulanlara bağlı ise kanama riski dikkati çekmektedir. Bu derlemede,COVID‐19 hastalığı tedavisinde kullanılan ilaçlara bağlı advers reaksiyonlarliteratür ışığında sunulmaktadır.The causative agent of COVID‐19, SARS‐CoV‐2, is a virus that causessymptoms such as fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Related to theCOVID‐19 pandemic affecting our country and the whole world, it is knownthat there are no drugs developed for specific treatment of the infection anddrugs used in different indications are repositioned with ongoing clinicaltrials. Currently, there is not any medication whose efficacy and safety hasbeen defined by clinical trials for treatment of COVID‐19. Treatmentmanagement is updated according to clinical experience and differenttreatments strategies are used in different countries. Among the drugscurrently used in the treatment of the disease; antivirals, antimalarials,antibiotics, immunomodulatory drugs and anticoagulant drugs are prioritised.Information regarding the safety of these drugs used for COVID‐19 treatmentis increasing every single day. Antiviral remdesivir‐induced liver function testabnormalities, hyperlipidemia due to lopinavir‐ritonovir, QT prolongation due to antimalarial drug hydroxychloroquine and antibiotic azithromycin,neutropenia due to immunomodulators tocilizumab, and bleeding risk due toanticoagulants draw attention. In this review, adverse reactions related todrugs used in the treatment of COVID‐19 disease are presented in the light ofthe literature.</p

Heavy Metal Levels in Commercial Fishes Caught in the southern Black Sea coast

The purpose of the current study is to evaluate the levels of seven heavy metals (arsenic, copper, zinc, mercury, lead, cadmium and iron) and metal (aluminium,) in the edible tissues of Scophthalmus maximus, Spicara maena, Chelidonichthys lucerna, Alosa fallax and Scorpaena porcus caught in Sinop coasts of the Black Sea. The samples were obtained during the fishing season in 2013 directly from the Turkish fishing vessels. Hg, Cd and Pb were not detected in the edible part of all fish samples. The metal levels in edible tissues did not exceed the standard guideline values. Estimated hazard index (HI) suggest that these metals in the edible tissues of the fish were not toxic for consumers, where the HIs of all the considered metals were below the value of 1