Developing Environmental and Scientific Education in School

Initiatives involving notions of environmental education and scientific education were stimulated in a state secondary school (Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), using practical and dynamic activities undertaken with pupils aged from 15 to 17 years old during an entire academic year. Each activity had a specific organization, with its own goals, targets, and a schedule for completing tasks, as well as staggered participation by the pupils involved. The variety of activities allowed pupils to be assigned according to their specific skills and interests. The aim of the project was to foster commitment in pupils in their day-to-day performance of activities, thereby helping create habits in accordance with an environmental and scientific education. The implementation of this project afforded the pupils the opportunity to plan actions which would allow ideas to be put into practice, turning them into reality. As well as teaching them subject matter from the curriculum, the actions undertaken also enable the teaching of auxiliary strategies to promote better eating habits and minimize the amount of organic waste discarded. Cultivating vegetable gardens in crates only requires small spaces, and raw vegetable peelings thrown in the bin were used to create organic compost for the garden itself. Activities such as these contribute towards making the school not just a place for formal education, but also a centre for teaching and disseminating measures that could yield immediate results in terms of raising the quality of life of the school community.Des initiatives portant sur des notions d’éducation environnementale et d’éducation scientifique, ont été encouragées dans une école publique (Niterói, RJ - Brésil) de l’enseignement secondaire, par le biais d’activités pratiques et dynamiques développées auprès d’élèves de 15 à 17 ans, sur toute une année scolaire. Chaque activité a exigé une organisation particulière comprenant des objectifs spécifiques, des buts et un calendrier d’exécution des tâches ainsi que la participation échelonnée des élèves concernés. La variété des activités a permis de répartir les élèves en fonction de leurs intérêts et aptitudes spécifiques. Le but du projet était de favoriser l’adoption, dans le quotidien des élèves, d’attitudes développées au cours des activités afin de contribuer à la création d’habitudes conformes à l’éducation environnementale et scientifique. Ce projet a donné l’occasion aux élèves de planifier des actions permettant de mettre des idées en pratique, et de les réaliser. Tout en permettant d’enseigner des contenus de programmes scolaires, les actions réalisées ont également été l’occasion d’enseigner des stratégies auxiliaires de promotion de meilleures habitudes alimentaires et de réduction du problème de l’élimination des déchets organiques. La culture de potagers dans des caisses peut se faire dans de petits espaces et les déchets crus de légumes jetés normalement à la poubelle ont pu être réutilisés  comme compost organique pour le potager. Ce genre d’activités contribue à faire de l’école, non seulement un espace d’éducation formelle, mais également un centre d’enseignement et de diffusion de mesures susceptibles de produire des résultats immédiats en termes de qualité de la vie dans la communauté scolaire.En una escuela pública (Niterói, RJ - Brasil) de enseñanza media, se estimularon iniciativas que implican nociones de educación medioambiental y científica mediante actividades prácticas y dinámicas desarrolladas con alumnos de 15 a 17 años, a lo largo de un año lectivo. Para cada actividad hubo una organización propia, con objetivos específicos, metas, y un calendario de trabajo para el cumplimiento de las tareas, así como la participación escalonada de los alumnos implicados. La variedad de actividades permitió organizar a los alumnos de acuerdo con sus intereses y habilidades específicas. El proyecto tenía como objetivo favorecer la incorporación, en la vida diaria de los alumnos, de las actitudes desempeñadas durante las actividades, contribuyendo a la creación de hábitos coherentes con una educación medioambiental y científica. El desarrollo de este proyecto permitió a los alumnos planear acciones que posibilitasen la puesta en práctica de ideas, transformándolas en realidad. Además de proporcionar la enseñanza de contenidos curriculares, las acciones realizadas también permitieron enseñar estrategias auxiliares para fomentar mejores hábitos alimenticios y minimizar el problema de la eliminación de la basura orgánica. El cultivo de huertos en cajas puede realizarse en espacios reducidos, y los restos crudos de vegetales desechados en la basura pueden ser reaprovechados como compost orgánico para la propia huerta. Actividades como estas contribuyen a transformar la escuela no solo en un espacio para la educación formal sino también en un centro de enseñanza y divulgación de medidas que pueden propiciar resultados inmediatos para aumentar la calidad de vida de la comunidad escolar.Iniciativas envolvendo noções de educação ambiental e educação científica foram estimuladas numa escola pública (Niterói, RJ - Brasil) de ensino médio, por meio de atividades práticas e dinâmicas desenvolvidas com alunos de 15 a 17 anos, ao longo de um ano letivo. Para cada atividade houve uma organização própria, com objetivos específicos, metas, e cronograma para cumprimento das tarefas, assim como a participação escalonada dos alunos envolvidos. A variedade de atividades permitiu a organização dos alunos de acordo com seus interesses e habilidades específicas. O projeto teve como objetivo favorecer a incorporação, no cotidiano dos alunos, de atitudes desempenhadas durante as atividades, contribuindo para criação de hábitos condizentes com a educação ambiental e científica. O desenvolvimento deste projeto permitiu aos alunos a oportunidade de planejar ações que possibilitaram a prática de ideias, transformando-as em realidade. Além de proporcionar o ensino de conteúdos curriculares, as ações realizadas também permitiram o ensino de estratégias auxiliares na promoção de melhores hábitos alimentares e na minimização do problema do descarte do lixo orgânico. O cultivo de hortas em caixotes é passível de realização em pequenos espaços e os restos crus de vegetais descartados no lixo puderam ser reaproveitados como composto orgânico para a própria horta. Atividades como essas contribuem para tornar a escola, além de um espaço para a educação formal, um centro de ensino e divulgação de medidas que podem propiciar resultados imediatos para aumento da qualidade de vida da comunidade escolar

Time of arrival through interacting environments: Tunneling processes

We discuss the propagation of wave packets through interacting environments. Such environments generally modify the dispersion relation or shape of the wave function. To study such effects in detail, we define the distribution function P_{X}(T), which describes the arrival time T of a packet at a detector located at point X. We calculate P_{X}(T) for wave packets traveling through a tunneling barrier and find that our results actually explain recent experiments. We compare our results with Nelson's stochastic interpretation of quantum mechanics and resolve a paradox previously apparent in Nelson's viewpoint about the tunneling time.Comment: Latex 19 pages, 11 eps figures, title modified, comments and references added, final versio

Whole-genome sequencing reveals host factors underlying critical COVID-19

Critical COVID-19 is caused by immune-mediated inflammatory lung injury. Host genetic variation influences the development of illness requiring critical care1 or hospitalization2,3,4 after infection with SARS-CoV-2. The GenOMICC (Genetics of Mortality in Critical Care) study enables the comparison of genomes from individuals who are critically ill with those of population controls to find underlying disease mechanisms. Here we use whole-genome sequencing in 7,491 critically ill individuals compared with 48,400 controls to discover and replicate 23 independent variants that significantly predispose to critical COVID-19. We identify 16 new independent associations, including variants within genes that are involved in interferon signalling (IL10RB and PLSCR1), leucocyte differentiation (BCL11A) and blood-type antigen secretor status (FUT2). Using transcriptome-wide association and colocalization to infer the effect of gene expression on disease severity, we find evidence that implicates multiple genes—including reduced expression of a membrane flippase (ATP11A), and increased expression of a mucin (MUC1)—in critical disease. Mendelian randomization provides evidence in support of causal roles for myeloid cell adhesion molecules (SELE, ICAM5 and CD209) and the coagulation factor F8, all of which are potentially druggable targets. Our results are broadly consistent with a multi-component model of COVID-19 pathophysiology, in which at least two distinct mechanisms can predispose to life-threatening disease: failure to control viral replication; or an enhanced tendency towards pulmonary inflammation and intravascular coagulation. We show that comparison between cases of critical illness and population controls is highly efficient for the detection of therapeutically relevant mechanisms of disease

Efecto del mérodo de extracción en el secado por aspersión de mucílago de pitahaya (Hylocereus undatus)

Instituto Politécnico Nacional CIIDIR Unidad Oaxac

Desenvolvendo a educão ambiental e a educão científica escola

Initiatives involving notions of environmental education and scientific education were stimulated in a state secondary school (Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), using practical and dynamic activities undertaken with pupils aged from 15 to 17 years old during an entire academic year. Each activity had a specific organization, with its own goals, targets, and a schedule for completing tasks, as well as staggered participation by the pupils involved. The variety of activities allowed pupils to be assigned according to their specific skills and interests. The aim of the project was to foster commitment in pupils in their day-to-day performance of activities, thereby helping create habits in accordance with an environmental and scientific education. The implementation of this project afforded the pupils the opportunity to plan actions which would allow ideas to be put into practice, turning them into reality. As well as teaching them subject matter from the curriculum, the actions undertaken also enable the teaching of auxiliary strategies to promote better eating habits and minimize the amount of organic waste discarded. Cultivating vegetable gardens in crates only requires small spaces, and raw vegetable peelings thrown in the bin were used to create organic compost for the garden itself. Activities such as these contribute towards making the school not just a place for formal education, but also a centre for teaching and disseminating measures that could yield immediate results in terms of raising the quality of life of the school community

Developing Environmental and Scientific Education in School

Initiatives involving notions of environmental education and scientific education were stimulated in a state secondary school (Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), using practical and dynamic activities undertaken with pupils aged from 15 to 17 years old during an entire academic year. Each activity had a specific organization, with its own goals, targets, and a schedule for completing tasks, as well as staggered participation by the pupils involved. The variety of activities allowed pupils to be assigned according to their specific skills and interests. The aim of the project was to foster commitment in pupils in their day-to-day performance of activities, thereby helping create habits in accordance with an environmental and scientific education. The implementation of this project afforded the pupils the opportunity to plan actions which would allow ideas to be put into practice, turning them into reality. As well as teaching them subject matter from the curriculum, the actions undertaken also enable the teaching of auxiliary strategies to promote better eating habits and minimize the amount of organic waste discarded. Cultivating vegetable gardens in crates only requires small spaces, and raw vegetable peelings thrown in the bin were used to create organic compost for the garden itself. Activities such as these contribute towards making the school not just a place for formal education, but also a centre for teaching and disseminating measures that could yield immediate results in terms of raising the quality of life of the school community

Tilapia cage culture and the dissolved oxygen trends in Sampaloc Lake, the Philippines

The 28-hectare tilapia cage culture that occupied the 104-hectare Sampaloc Lake, a crater lake, shifted to intensive method in 1986 when tilapia growth slowed done at the beginning of 1982. Thus, commercial feeds became the main source of allochthonous organic matter in the lake. Total feeds given annually for the 28-hectare cage culture at 3 croppings per year amounted to 5250 tons. At feed conversion ratio of 1 : 2 a significant portion of the feeds given ended as organic wastes in the lake. In 1988, tilapia cage operators began experiencing their worst occurrences of fishkill, worth millions of pesos. An assessment of the dissolved oxygen condition of Sampaloc lake in late 1989, 1990 and mid-1991 showed ominous trends which might adversely affect the use of Sampaloc lake for fishery