Risultati preliminari della campagna oceanografica CAFE_07 – Leg 3 nei Golfi di Napoli e Pozzuoli, Mar Tirreno Orientale

Vengono presentati i risultati preliminari della campagna oceanografica CAFE_07 - Leg 3, svoltasi nei Golfi di Napoli e Pozzuoli, nel Gennaio 2008, a bordo della Nave Oceanografica (N/O) URANIA del CNR. Lo scopo della campagna è stato l’acquisizione di profili sismici multicanale di elevata risoluzione dedicati allo studio stratigrafico-strutturale degli apparati vulcanici affioranti e sepolti nell’offshore Napoletano, ed il rilievo batimetrico di dettaglio dell’area sommersa. I dati raccolti sono consistiti in circa 800 km di profili sismici a riflessione multicanale di alta risoluzione, con acquisizione sismica simultanea da due sorgenti GI-gun operanti con potenza e frequenze differenti,mediante due cavi idrofonici. Durante la navigazione sono stati anche acquisiti profili sismici a riflessione monocanale di altissima risoluzione (sub-bottom CHIRP) e dati batimetrici mediante ecoscandaglio multifascio (multibeam). Il grid di acquisizione sismica multicanale è consistito in alcuni profili lunghi attraverso il Golfo di Napoli e da una fitta griglia di profili più corti, con interasse di circa 150 m, allo scopo di ottenere una copertura sismica quasi 3-D del Golfo di Pozzuoli. Questo set di dati costituisce una parte delle indagini di dettaglio richieste per la stesura di una proposta di perforazione del settore sommerso dei Campi Flegrei da sottomettere all’Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) ed è di supporto alla realizzazione di un progetto di perforazione profonda dei Campi Flegrei presentato all’International Continental Drilling Program (ICDP). We present the preliminary results of the oceanographic cruise CAFE_07 – Leg 3, conducted in the Napoli and Pozzuoli Bays in January 2008, on board of the Research Vessel (R/V) URANIA of the CNR. The aim of the cruise was the acquisition of high resolution multi-channel seismic profiles to understand the stratigraphic-structural setting of the Pozzuoli Bay area, with specific reference to the major offshore volcanic features, as well as the acquisition of bathymetric data on the seafloor morphology of the Bay. About 800 km of seismic profiles were acquired simultaneously by two acquisition systems, each characterized by different seismic source and streamer configuration, operating at different frequency ranges. Moreover shallow high resolution seismic reflection profiles (sub-bottom CHIRP) and multibeam echo-sounder bathymetry data have been recorded. The seismic grid consisted in a number of assistant profiles acquired over the Bay of Naples, along with a dense network of profiles with average distance of about 150 m between navigation routes, in order to obtain a quasi 3-D seismic coverage of the Pozzuoli Bay. This data set represents a part of the requirements for on-site detailed investigations (“site survey”) that are necessary for the development of an Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) proposal dedicated to the offshore drilling of the Campi Flegrei and is a relevant complement in the site survey of an ongoing project that has been submitted to the International Continental Drilling Program (ICDP)

The real-time multiparametric network of Campi Flegrei and Vesuvius

Volcanic processes operate over a wide range of time scale that requires different instruments and techniques to be monitored. The best approach to survey a volcanic unrest is to jointly monitor all the geophysical quantities that could vary before an eruption. The monitoring techniques are sometimes peculiar for each volcano, which has its own behavior. The simultaneous investigation of all the geophysical and geochemical parameters improves the sensibility and the understanding of any variation in the volcanic system. The Osservatorio Vesuviano is the INGV division charged of the Campi Flegrei and Vesuvius monitoring, two of the highest risk volcanic complexes in the world due to the large number of people living on or close to them. Each of them have peculiarities that increase the monitoring challenge: Campi Flegrei has high anthropic noise due to people living within its numerous craters; Vesuvius has a sharp topography that complicates the data transmission and analysis. The real time monitoring of the two areas involves several geophysical fields and the data are transmitted by a wide data-communication wired or radio infrastructure to the Monitoring Centre of Osservatorio Vesuviano: - The seismic network counts of 20 station sites in Campi Flegrei and 23 in Vesuvius equipped with velocimetric, accelerometric and infrasonic sensors. Some of them are borehole stations. - The GPS network counts of 25 stations operating at Campi Flegrei caldera and 9 stations at Vesuvius volcano. All the procedures for remote stations managing (raw data downloading, data quality control and data processing) take place automatically and the computed data are shown in the Monitoring Centre. - The mareographic network counts of 4 stations in the Campi Flegrei caldera coast and 3 close to the Vesuvius that transmit to the Monitoring Centre where the data are elaborated. - The tiltmetric network consist of 10 stations distributed around Pozzuoli harbor, the area of maximum ground uplift of Campi Flegrei, evidenced since 2005, and 7 stations distributed around the Vesuvius crater. Each tiltmetric station is also equipped with a temperature and magnetic sensor. The signals recorded are sent to the Monitoring Centre. - The 4 marine multiparametric stations installed in the Pozzuoli gulf send accelerometric, broad band, hydrophonic and GPS data to the Monitoring Centre. - The geochemical network counts of 4 multiparametric stations in the fumarolic areas of Campi Flegrei and 2 stations in the Vesuvius crater (rim and bottom) with data transmission to the Monitoring Centre. They collect soil CO2 flux, temperature gradient and environmental and meteorological parameters and transmit them directly to the Monitoring Centre. - The permanent thermal infrared surveillance network (TIRNet) is composed of 6 stations distributed among Campi Flegrei and Vesuvius. The stations acquire IR scenes at night-time of highly diffuse degassing areas. IR data are processed by an automated system of IR analysis and the temperatures values are sent to the Monitoring CentrePublishedVienna, Austria1IT. Reti di monitoraggio e sorveglianz

Using Recombinant Proteins from Lutzomyia longipalpis Saliva to Estimate Human Vector Exposure in Visceral Leishmaniasis Endemic Areas

During the blood meal, female sand flies (insects that transmit the parasite Leishmania) inject saliva containing a large variety of molecules with different pharmacological activities that facilitate the acquisition of blood. These molecules can induce the production of anti-saliva antibodies, which can then be used as markers for insect (vector) biting or exposure. Epidemiological studies using sand fly salivary gland sonicate as antigens are hampered by the difficulty of obtaining large amounts of salivary glands. In the present study, we have investigated the use of two salivary recombinant proteins from the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis, considered the main vector of visceral leishmaniasis, as an alternative method for screening of exposure to the sand fly. We primarily tested the suitability of using the recombinant proteins to estimate positive anti-saliva ELISA test in small sets of serum samples. Further, we validated the assay in a large sample of 1,077 individuals from an epidemiological survey in a second area endemic for visceral leishmaniasis. Our findings indicate that these proteins represent a promising epidemiological tool that can aid in implementing control measures against leishmaniasis

Psychological well-being in Europe after the outbreak of war in Ukraine

The Russian invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022, has had devastating effects on the Ukrainian population and the global economy, environment, and political order. However, little is known about the psychological states surrounding the outbreak of war, particularly the mental well-being of individuals outside Ukraine. Here, we present a longitudinal experience-sampling study of a convenience sample from 17 European countries (total participants = 1,341, total assessments = 44,894, countries with >100 participants = 5) that allows us to track well-being levels across countries during the weeks surrounding the outbreak of war. Our data show a significant decline in well-being on the day of the Russian invasion. Recovery over the following weeks was associated with an individual’s personality but was not statistically significantly associated with their age, gender, subjective social status, and political orientation. In general, well-being was lower on days when the war was more salient on social media. Our results demonstrate the need to consider the psychological implications of the Russo-Ukrainian war next to its humanitarian, economic, and ecological consequences

A global experience-sampling method study of well-being during times of crisis : The CoCo project

We present a global experience-sampling method (ESM) study aimed at describing, predicting, and understanding individual differences in well-being during times of crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This international ESM study is a collaborative effort of over 60 interdisciplinary researchers from around the world in the “Coping with Corona” (CoCo) project. The study comprises trait-, state-, and daily-level data of 7490 participants from over 20 countries (total ESM measurements = 207,263; total daily measurements = 73,295) collected between October 2021 and August 2022. We provide a brief overview of the theoretical background and aims of the study, present the applied methods (including a description of the study design, data collection procedures, data cleaning, and final sample), and discuss exemplary research questions to which these data can be applied. We end by inviting collaborations on the CoCo dataset

A First Step towards the Definition of a Link between Ground Tilt and Earthquakes at Mt. Vesuvius (Italy)

One of the strategies to detect the precursors of an eruption is to define the background dynamical state of a volcano for a prompt recognition of deviations from the basic condition. Mt. Vesuvius (Italy), currently in a quiescent state, is one of the most monitored volcanoes in the world, inciting multidisciplinary advanced studies. Hence an understanding of the links among the different monitored parameters is mandatory. In recent decades the joint analyses of ground tilt and seismicity have added to the understanding of the volcano’s activity. In this paper, we outline the first steps towards a comprehension of the link between Mt. Vesuvius earthquakes and co-seismic ground tilt, after excluding the contribution of other external forces acting on the ground, such as tides, landslides or exceptional meteorological phenomena. We used the seismicity with a duration magnitude ≥ 2.0 recorded at Mt. Vesuvius in the period 2018–2020 to estimate the source parameters and to calculate the associated static displacement. Then, we compared the ground inclination retrieved from the estimated seismic deformation with the long-term ground motion trend measured by tiltmeters. We found that in most cases the two vectors have a comparable size and direction