Preliminary study comparing parent and child functioning by intervention for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to assess whether there are significant differences between pre-surgical and bracing patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) in parent and child functioning including pre-operative pain, pre-operative anxiety, parent pain catastrophizing, and parent protectiveness over child's pain symptoms. METHODS: Eligible patients were recruited from the Boston Children's Hospital Orthopedics Department. Retrospective chart reviews were conducted to identify patients aged ten through seventeen with AIS who were recommended for brace treatment or spinal fusion surgery. The study included thirty-five participants and their parents, seventeen pre-surgical participants and eighteen bracing participants. REDcap questionnaires were sent to parents and their children to fill out. The questionnaires included the following measures of interest for this study: Adult Responses to Children's Symptoms (ARCS), the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC), and the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for pain. One-way ANOVAs were used to determine if there were statistically significant differences between the two groups on the following variables: age and sex of the child, sex of the parent, race and ethnicity of the parent and child, degree of curvature of the spine (Cobb angle), and on the above mentioned parent and child measures. RESULTS: The group demographics were representative of the typical AIS population. Significant differences in age, Cobb angle, and sex of the child were determined between groups and represent potential confounding factors. There was a significant difference between groups for PCS magnification and a trend towards significance for PCS helplessness and the total PCS score. Other measure differences were statistically insignificant. CONCLUSIONS: Potential differences in parent and child measures were assessed to investigate parent and child functioning in the context of two medical interventions used to treat AIS. Bracing treatment and spinal fusion surgery were chosen with the intent to determine if the severity of an intervention has adverse effects on parent and child functioning. It is important to consider these results in a preliminary context due to the small sample size. Nonetheless, the results suggest that pre-surgical patients and their families are affected differently by the additional stressors and life-altering factors that come with spinal fusion surgery. There seems to be greater emphasis placed on their child's pain as well as a sense of helplessness. Both factors may have adverse effects on their child's ability to cope with the stress of surgery, which may also translate into a more difficult recovery period

Keterlaksanaan Kegiatan Membelajarkan Aspek Penelitian dalam Pembelajaran Biologi SMA Negeri Kelas X di Kota Yogyakarta berdasarkan Latar Belakang Akademik Guru

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) sejauh mana keterlaksanaan kegiatan membelajarkan aspek penelitian dalam pembelajaran Biologi Kelas X SMA negeri se-Kota Yogyakarta ditinjau dari persepsi guru, persepsi siswa, penilaian dokumen, dan hasil observasi dan (2) apakah keterlaksanaan kegiatan membelajarkan aspek penelitian dalam pembelajaran Biologi Kelas X SMA negeri se-Kota Yogyakarta bergantung pada latar belakang akademik guru ditinjau dari persepsi guru, persepsi siswa, penilaian dokumen, dan hasil observasi. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian evaluasi dengan model Discrepancy. Subjek penelitian ini adalah guru Biologi Kelas X SMA negeri se-Kota Yogyakarta yang bersedia menjadi subjek penelitian dengan jumlah 8 orang (purposive sample) dan 270 siswa Kelas X yang diambil secara acak, satu sekolah diambil satu kelas. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan model triangulasi yaitu kuesioner, penilaian dokumen, dan observasi. Teknik kuesioner dalam bentuk angket digunakan untuk mengungkap latar belakang akademik guru, sedangkan teknik kuesioner dalam bentuk skala yang diberikan kepada siswa dan guru digunakan untuk mengungkap keterlaksanaan kegiatan membelajarkan aspek penelitian. Teknik penilaian dokumen digunakan untuk menilai RPP yang dibuat guru dalam memuat aspek penelitian. Teknik observasi digunakan untuk melihat secara langsung pembelajaran di kelas atau dilaboratorium yang menunjukkan keterlaksanaan dan kecocokan antara RPP dengan pembelajaran yang dilaksanakan dalam memuat aspek penelitian. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) ditinjau dari persepsi guru, persepsi siswa, penilaian dokumen, dan hasil observasi diketahui bahwa kegiatan membelajarkan aspek penelitian dalam pembelajaran Biologi Kelas X SMA negeri se-Kota Yogyakarta masuk dalam kriteria Hampir Selalu dilakukan (HS) dan Sering dilakukan (S) dan (2) ditinjau dari persepsi guru, persepsi siswa, penilaian dokumen, dan hasil observasi diketahui bahwa keterlaksanaan kegiatan membelajarkan aspek penelitian dalam pembelajaran Biologi Kelas X SMA negeri se-Kota Yogyakarta bergantung pada latar belakang akademik guru baik dalam kategori jenjang pendidikan maupun keikutsertaan diklat

The Effectiveness Of Tofu Liquid Waste As A Natural Phytoestrogen For Mandibular Bone Of Ovariectomized Rats

Estrogen is a steroid compound that has many benefits for the body's physiology.Hypoestrogenic women could have periodontitis in their mouth. Hormonereplacement therapy (HRT) is a therapy that used to reduce the disturbance causedby estrogen deficiency. However, HRT has many side effects. Theoretical studyshows that isoflavones in tofu liquid waste has an element of a steroid compound.The purpose of this study was to prove the effectiveness of isoflavones in the tofuliquid waste by examining the microscopic structure, estrogen receptor expressionand MDA levels in rat mandibular bone post-ovariectomy. This research methoduse a true experimental laboratory with randomized post test control group design.Twenty-four female wistar rats were divided randomly into six groups, consistedof a group of normal rat that does’nt ovariectomized (C1), 4 weeksovariectomized rats (C2), 8 weeks ovariectomized rats (C3) but no tofu liquidwaste was given, and 8 weeks ovariectomized rats that given tofu liquid waste atthe end of the 4th week of ovariectomy with three different doses (C4 = 1.2, C5 =6; C6 = 12 ml / kg). Histopathological slide used to see the changes resulted in anumber of osteoclasts, osteocytes, periodontal ligament width, alveolar boneheight, the amount of estrogen receptor expression and MDA levels. The resultsof statistical tests show that there is a difference in the rats between six differentgroups (ANOVA, p 0.05) and there is a close relationship between the dose ofthe tofu liquid waste with all parameter. The conclusion of this study is tofuliquid waste could improve the microscopic structure, estrogen receptorexpression and MDA levels in rat mandibular bone post-ovariectomy

A Sociological Analysis of Ngomahuru Isolation Hospital

This article falls into two parts; Part 1 is subdivided into the following eight sections: 1. The history of the care of lepers in Rhodesia; 2. The lay-out of the settlement; 3. The settlement administration; 4. The origin of the patients and their age-sex distribution; 5. Their education and occupation; 6. Their marriage and family life; 7. The daily routine of the settlement with special reference to work, schooling, religion and recreation; 8. The cure of lepers. Part II shows a tentative comparison between the leper population of Ngomahuru and the larger universe from which the lepers are drawn. The aim of Part I is to show the social characteristics of hospitalized lepers, the attempts of lepers to build up a new community in Ngomahuru and their difficulties in reintegrating themselves into the wider society once they have been discharged as non-infective or cured. Part II attempts to draw some comparison between the social characteristics of these lepers and the social characteristics of the remaining African population of Rhodesia