14 research outputs found
Prevention of sexual transmission of Ebola in Liberia through a national semen testing and counselling programme for survivors: an analysis of Ebola virus RNA results and behavioural data
Background Ebola virus has been detected in semen of Ebola virus disease survivors after recovery. Liberia’s Men’s
Health Screening Program (MHSP) off ers Ebola virus disease survivors semen testing for Ebola virus. We present
preliminary results and behavioural outcomes from the fi rst national semen testing programme for Ebola virus.
Methods The MHSP operates out of three locations in Liberia: Redemption Hospital in Montserrado County, Phebe
Hospital in Bong County, and Tellewoyan Hospital in Lofa County. Men aged 15 years and older who had an Ebola
treatment unit discharge certifi cate are eligible for inclusion. Participants’ semen samples were tested for Ebola virus
RNA by real-time RT-PCR and participants received counselling on safe sexual practices. Participants graduated after
receiving two consecutive negative semen tests. Counsellors collected information on sociodemographics and sexual
behaviours using questionnaires administered at enrolment, follow up, and graduation visits. Because the programme
is ongoing, data analysis was restricted to data obtained from July 7, 2015, to May 6, 2016.
Findings As of May 6, 2016, 466 Ebola virus disease survivors had enrolled in the programme; real-time RT-PCR
results were available from 429 participants. 38 participants (9%) produced at least one semen specimen that tested
positive for Ebola virus RNA. Of these, 24 (63%) provided semen specimens that tested positive 12 months or longer
after Ebola virus disease recovery. The longest interval between discharge from an Ebola treatment unit and collection
of a positive semen sample was 565 days. Among participants who enrolled and provided specimens more than
90 days since their Ebola treatment unit discharge, men older than 40 years were more likely to have a semen sample
test positive than were men aged 40 years or younger (p=0·0004). 84 (74%) of 113 participants who reported not using
a condom at enrolment reported using condoms at their fi rst follow-up visit (p<0·0001). 176 (46%) of 385 participants
who reported being sexually active at enrolment reported abstinence at their follow-up visit (p<0·0001).
Interpretation Duration of detection of Ebola virus RNA by real-time RT-PCR varies by individual and might be
associated with age. By combining behavioural counselling and laboratory testing, the Men’s Health Screening
Program helps male Ebola virus disease survivors understand their individual risk and take appropriate measures to
protect their sexual partners
Implementing infection prevention and control capacity building strategies within the context of Ebola outbreak in a "Hard-to-Reach" area of Liberia
Introduction: in August 2014, WHO declared that Ebola outbreak ravaging West Africa including Liberia had become a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). Infection prevention and control (IPC) among healthcare workers was pivotal in reducing healthcare worker infection and containing the recent EVD outbreak. Hard to reach areas (HTRA) presents peculiar challenges in public health emergencies. We present the result of IPC capacity building strategies deployed in Gbarpolu County: an HTRA of Liberia.
Methods: between April to October 2015, we conducted IPC training and mentorship at the county, district and facility levels in a selected HTRA of Liberia using the keep Safe, Keep Serving manual and the WHO core components of infection control. Serial follow-up assessments and mentoring using the Liberian Minimum standard tool for safe care in Liberian health facilities (MST) were done.
Results: 180 (100%) facility based healthcare workers were trained: including 59 clinicians (32%) and 121 (67%) non-clinicians. 100% of the healthcare workers in four selected very HTRAs were trained and underwent facility based-mentorship. Compliance with IPC practice increased: the MST score increased from 75% to 90% and for the MST score for waste management and isolation increased 60% to 87%.
Conclusion: strengthening the capacity of healthcare workers for IPC was instrumental for containing the EVD epidemic but also critical for routine safe and quality services. A culture of IPC among healthcare workers in HTRA can be implemented through capacity building and training
Establishing Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) diagnostics using GeneXpert technology at a mobile laboratory in Liberia: Impact on outbreak response, case management and laboratory systems strengthening.
The 2014-16 Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak in West Africa highlighted the necessity for readily available, accurate and rapid diagnostics. The magnitude of the outbreak and the re-emergence of clusters of EVD cases following the declaration of interrupted transmission in Liberia, reinforced the need for sustained diagnostics to support surveillance and emergency preparedness. We describe implementation of the Xpert Ebola Assay, a rapid molecular diagnostic test run on the GeneXpert platform, at a mobile laboratory in Liberia and the subsequent impact on EVD outbreak response, case management and laboratory system strengthening. During the period of operation, site coordination, management and operational capacity was supported through a successful collaboration between Ministry of Health (MoH), World Health Organization (WHO) and international partners. A team of Liberian laboratory technicians were trained to conduct EVD diagnostics and the laboratory had capacity to test 64-100 blood specimens per day. Establishment of the laboratory significantly increased the daily testing capacity for EVD in Liberia, from 180 to 250 specimens at a time when the effectiveness of the surveillance system was threatened by insufficient diagnostic capacity. During the 18 months of operation, the laboratory tested a total of 9,063 blood specimens, including 21 EVD positives from six confirmed cases during two outbreaks. Following clearance of the significant backlog of untested EVD specimens in November 2015, a new cluster of EVD cases was detected at the laboratory. Collaboration between surveillance and laboratory coordination teams during this and a later outbreak in March 2016, facilitated timely and targeted response interventions. Specimens taken from cases during both outbreaks were analysed at the laboratory with results informing clinical management of patients and discharge decisions. The GeneXpert platform is easy to use, has relatively low running costs and can be integrated into other national diagnostic algorithms. The technology has on average a 2-hour sample-to-result time and allows for single specimen testing to overcome potential delays of batching. This model of a mobile laboratory equipped with Xpert Ebola test, staffed by local laboratory technicians, could serve to strengthen outbreak preparedness and response for future outbreaks of EVD in Liberia and the region
Ebola Virus RNA in Semen from an HIV-Positive Survivor of Ebola
Ebola virus is known to persist in semen of male survivors of Ebola virus disease (EVD). However, maximum duration of, or risk factors for, virus persistence are unknown. We report an EVD survivor with preexisting HIV infection, whose semen was positive for Ebola virus RNA 565 days after recovery from EVD
Bolstering Community Cooperation in Ebola Resurgence Protocols: Combining Field Blood Draw and Point-of-Care Diagnosis.
Alison Galvani and colleagues describe a community-based protocol to improve cooperation with Ebola testing as well as contact tracing, quarantining, and treatment
Timeline of key events in establishing and running the ELWA-III mobile EVD testing laboratory—September 2015 to March 2017.
<p>Timeline of key events in establishing and running the ELWA-III mobile EVD testing laboratory—September 2015 to March 2017.</p
Representation of the layout of the ELWA-III mobile Ebola testing laboratory, at the ELWA Ebola treatment unit, Monrovia.
<p>Representation of the layout of the ELWA-III mobile Ebola testing laboratory, at the ELWA Ebola treatment unit, Monrovia.</p
RT-PCR Ct values for NP and GP gene targets from positive blood samples of EVD cases from the Duport Road cluster, November-December 2015 and the Central Monrovia cluster, March-April 2016.
<p>RT-PCR Ct values for NP and GP gene targets from positive blood samples of EVD cases from the Duport Road cluster, November-December 2015 and the Central Monrovia cluster, March-April 2016.</p
Number of EVD specimens tested at ELWA III laboratory from initiation of testing in September 2015 to the end of 2016; displaying Duport Road and Central Monrovia clusters and the impact of the change to IDSR case definition on the numbers of specimens being processed at the laboratory.
<p>Number of EVD specimens tested at ELWA III laboratory from initiation of testing in September 2015 to the end of 2016; displaying Duport Road and Central Monrovia clusters and the impact of the change to IDSR case definition on the numbers of specimens being processed at the laboratory.</p