Process drama as a tool for developing children’s empathy and reducing prejudice toward refugees in Ireland

Treballs Finals de Grau de Mestre d'Educació Primària, Facultat d'Educació, Universitat de Barcelona, Curs: 2022-2023, Tutora: Ann Elizabeth Wilson Daily[eng] Now more than ever, children are subject to negative attitudes and misinformation about refugees in the media and at home. Refugees in Ireland are being increasingly subjected to violence and hostility. Upwards of 20,000 people, approximately 20% of whom are children, live in unfit accommodation centres for extended periods, causing significant impacts on their physical and mental health. With anti-immigrant violence on the rise, primary school teachers are in a prime position to abate this unkindness and ignorance through the next generation. This paper proposes a drama-based intervention to increase students’ empathy towards this vulnerable group. The intervention includes widely researched and practised drama strategies to bring students closer to the adversity experienced by refugees in Ireland while remaining psychologically safe. In this proposed study, the sample includes 28 schools across Dublin with a range of ethos. It is proposed that teachers will complete the intervention with support, training and supervision over eight weeks. Implementing this intervention is expected to increase students’ empathy towards refugees and reduce prejudice, feelings of intergroup anxiety and their perceived threat.[gle] Anois níos mó ná riamh, tá leanaí faoi réir dearcadh diúltach agus faisnéis mhícheart faoi dhídeanaithe sna meáin agus sa bhaile. Tá níos mó foréigean agus naimhdeas ag teacht ar dhídeanaithe in Éirinn. Cónaíonn os cionn 20,000 duine, ar leanaí iad thart ar 20% díobh, in ionaid chóiríochta neamh-oiriúnach ar feadh tréimhsí fada, rud a chuireann isteach go mór ar a sláinte fhisiciúil agus mheabhrach. Agus foréigean frith-inimirceach ag dul i méid, tá múinteoirí bunscoile in inmhe an mí-chineálta agus an aineolas seo a mhaolú tríd an gcéad ghlúin eile. Molann an páipéar seo idirghabháil drámaíochta chun ionbhá na mac léinn i leith an ghrúpa leochaileach seo a mhéadú. Áiríonn an idirghabháil straitéisí drámaíochta a bhfuil taighde forleathan déanta orthu agus a bhfuil cleachtadh déanta orthu chun mic léinn a thabhairt níos gaire don achrann a bhíonn ag teifigh in Éirinn agus iad ag fanacht sábháilte go síceolaíoch. Sa staidéar molta seo, cuimsíonn an sampla 28 scoil ar fud Bhaile Átha Cliath a bhfuil raon éitis acu. Tá sé beartaithe go gcríochnóidh múinteoirí an idirghabháil le tacaíocht, oiliúint agus maoirseacht thar ocht seachtaine. Táthar ag súil go méadóidh cur i bhfeidhm na hidirghabhála seo comhbhá na mac léinn i leith teifigh agus go laghdóidh sé réamhchlaonadh, mothúcháin imní idirghrúpa agus bagairt a bhraitear

Bearing Witness to Atrocity Crimes: Photography & International Law

This article uses ideas propounded by Susan Sontag and Judith Butler on photography to illuminate the significant role of photography and visual media in international law jurisprudence. Two key questions are pursued: first, what role does photography have in international law (with a particular focus on abusive photography), and, second, how do photography and visual media bear witness to atrocity crimes in international law? The article commences with an overview of the evolution of war photography as it dovetails the inclusion of visual media in juridical settings, and interrogates ethical issues involved in the aestheticization of suffering for consumerist purposes. Drawing from scholarly definitions of atrocity crimes, the article settles on terminology which carves out the parameters of the socio-legal research space. In identifying the relevant areas of international law, the study reads the associated jurisprudence with a theoretical lens, evincing the critical evidentiary role that photography plays in the litigation of the most serious international crimes, such as genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. Tension between the transitive and probative functions of visual evidence is examined through a rich tapestry of international jurisprudence

Legacies of British Colonial Violence: Viewing Kenyan Detention Camps through the Hanslope Disclosure

A number of works have recently been published that seek to re-narrate colonial histories, with a particular emphasis on the role of law in at once creating and marginalizing colonial subjects.1 Focusing on mid-twentieth century detention camps in the British colony of Kenya, this article illuminates a colonial history that was deeply buried in a Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) building for many years. As such, the analysis supports the revelatory work of David Anderson and Caroline Elkins, who highlighted the violence that underpinned British detention and interrogation practises in Kenya.2 In particular, the article explores recently declassified colonial files, and pieces together a picture of administrative subterfuge, suppression of facts, and whitewashing atrocities, threaded through with official denial, which long outlived its colonial genesis. Against the hypothesis that detention laws created an architecture of destruction and concomitant custodial violence in Kenya, the article establishes that an accountability deficit is the legacy of detention without trial as it was practiced in colonial Kenya. By untangling a complex web of colonial records and government papers relating to Kenya, this article reveals the often insurmountable pressure that was exerted to conceal evidence of detainee violence, and the role of a highly sophisticated propaganda machine that controlled the public narrative of a violent incident when outright denial was impossible

Anàlisi dels textos en xinés, anglés i català de "El diari de Shafei" des d'un punt de vista feminista

Aquest treball comporta la visió global de l’obra El diari de Shafei des d’un punt de vista feminista, analitzant-ne la postura de la dona, la seua autonomia i sexualitat, les relacions entre els personatges, a més d’investigar sobre la dona a la Xina del segle XX i els diferents moviments literaris de la dona en aquell context, particularment, la de la dona nova i la xica moderna i, d’aquesta manera, comprendre millor els aspectes específics del feminisme a la Xina i els que hi ha en aquesta novel·la, resultat amb el qual podrem descobrir la presa de decisions de cada traductora i constatar si han dut a terme traduccions feministes a partir d’uns paràmetres que establirem amb una exploració de la traducció feminista com a objecte d’estudi per diverses investigadores

Vitamin D-biofortified beef: a comparison of cholecalciferol with synthetic versus UVB-mushroom-derived ergosterol as feed source

This study investigates dietary fortification of heifer feeds with cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol sources and effects on beef total vitamin D activity, vitamer, respective 25-hydroxymetabolite contents, and meat quality. Thirty heifers were allocated to one of three dietary treatments [(1) basal diet + 4000 IU of vitamin D3 (Vit D3); (2) basal diet + 4000 IU of vitamin D2 (Vit D2); and (3) basal diet + 4000 IU of vitamin D2-enriched mushrooms (Mushroom D2)] for a 30 day pre-slaughter period. Supplementation of heifer diets with Vit D3 yielded higher (p  0.05) by the dietary treatments. In conclusion, vitamin D3 biofortification of cattle diets is the most efficacious way to enhance total beef vitamin D activity

The use of synthetic and natural vitamin D sources in pig diets to improve meat quality and vitamin D content

This study investigated the effects of synthetic and natural sources of vitamin D biofortification in pig diets on pork vitamin D activity and pork quality. One hundred and twenty pigs (60 male, 60 female) were assigned to one of four dietary treatments for a 55 d feeding period. The dietary treatments were (1)50 μg vitamin D₃/kg of feed; (2)50 μg of 25-hydroxvitamin D₃/kg of feed (25-OH-D₃); (3)50 μg vitamin D₂/kg of feed; (4)50 μg vitamin D₂-enriched mushrooms/kg of feed (Mushroom D₂). The pigs offered the 25-OH-D₃ diet exhibited the highest (P < 0.001) serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and subsequently exhibited the highest (P < 0.05) Longissimus thoracis (LT) total vitamin D activity. Mushroom D2 and 25-OH-D3 supplementation increased pork antioxidant status. The vitamin D₂-enriched mushrooms improved (P < 0.05) pig performance, carcass weight and LT colour. In conclusion, 25-OH-D₃ is the most successful source for increasing pork vitamin D activity, while Mushroom D2 may be a new avenue to improve animal performance and pork quality

Fast acquisition abdominal MRI study for the investigation of suspected acute appendicitis in paediatric patients

Objectives: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of fast acquisition MRI in suspected cases of paediatric appendicitis presenting to a tertiary referral hospital. Materials and methods: A prospective study was undertaken between May and October 2017 of 52 children who presented with suspected appendicitis and were referred for an abdominal ultrasound. All patients included in this study received both an abdominal ultrasound and five-sequence MRI consisting of axial and coronal gradient echo T2 scans, fat-saturated SSFSE and a diffusion-weighted scan. Participants were randomised into groups of MRI with breath-holds or MRI with free breathing. A patient satisfaction survey was also carried out. Histopathology findings, where available, were used as a gold standard for the purposes of data analysis. Statistical analysis was performed, and p values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Ultrasound had a sensitivity and specificity of 25% and 92.9%, respectively. MRI with breath-hold had a sensitivity and specificity of 81.8% and 66.7%, respectively, whilst MRI with free breathing was superior with sensitivity and specificity of 92.3% and 84.2%, respectively. MRI with free breathing was also more time efficient (p < 0.0001). Group statistics were comparable (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The use of fast acquisition MRI protocols, particularly free breathing sequences, for patients admitted with suspected appendicitis can result in faster diagnosis, treatment and discharge. It also has a statistically significant diagnostic advantage over ultrasound. Additionally, the higher specificity of MR can reduce the number of negative appendectomies performed in tertiary centres

Mortality in Hip Fracture Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Analysis in a District General Hospital in the United Kingdom

Introduction Hip fracture is commonly seen in elderly patients because of low-energy trauma. It carries significant morbidity and mortality. Scoring systems such as the Nottingham hip fracture score (NHFS) have shown a good correlation with increased mortality as the value of these scores increases. In our study, we aim to ascertain the hip fracture mortality in our population, compare the mortality in hip fractures compared to previously reported figures in literature and nationally reported figures during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, and also ascertain the usefulness of NHFS in predicting mortality in hip fractures. Methods We gathered mortality data on hip fracture patients admitted to our unit from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020.&nbsp;NHFS was calculated for all patients and the 30-day mortality rate was compared to previously reported hip fracture mortality rates using the standard mortality ratio (SMR). One-year mortality was stratified by placing patients in high and low NHFS groups. The log-rank test was used to compare hip fracture survival at one month and at one year in the high NHFS (NHFS &gt;4) group and low NHFS group (NHFS value 4 or below). Additionally, a log-rank test was used to compare one-month and one-year survival in hip fractures managed with hemiarthroplasty, dynamic hip screw and intramedullary nail. Results In 2020, 388 patients were admitted with hip fractures to our unit. The crude mortality rate was 3.9% at 30 days and 20.88% at one year. Compared to the National Hip Fracture Database report for 2020, the incidence risk ratio for mortality was 0.46 (p-value&lt;0.05). The SMR at 30 days was 0.34 (CI=0.17-0.51) and the SMR at one year was 0.63 (CI=0.49-0.77). The survival rate was higher at 30 days and one year in the low NHFS group compared to the high NHFS group (p-value&lt;0.01). The survival rate at one month and one year were similar in groups managed with hemiarthroplasty, dynamic hip screws, and intramedullary nails (p-value&gt;0.05). Conclusions Hip fracture mortality has been decreasing steadily and we noted a lower rate of hip fracture mortality compared to figures reported previously as per NHFS studies even though the study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic period. We also noted lower 30-day mortality in our hospital as compared to the national 30-day mortality rate for hip fracture patients in 2020. &nbsp;</p