Aproximación teórica a las tecnologías digitales de servicios públicos en territorios fronterizos y periféricos

[ES] El taller sobre Tecnologías Disruptivas de la Información y la Comunicación para la Innovación y la Transformación Digital, organizado en el ámbito del proyecto DISRUPTIVE (disruptive.usal.es) y celebrado el 12 de septiembre de 2022 en Valladolid, tiene como objetivo debatir sobre los problemas, retos y beneficios del uso de tecnologías digitales disruptivas, a saber, Internet de las Cosas, Big data, computación en la nube, sistemas multiagente, aprendizaje automático, realidad virtual y aumentada y robótica colaborativa, para apoyar la transformación digital en curso en la sociedad. El programa del taller incluyó 6 papers técnicos aceptados, 2 charlas de invitados y una sesión de networking. Este volumen contiene 6 de las ponencias presentadas en el taller sobre Tecnologías Disruptivas de la Información y la Comunicación para la Innovación y la Transformación Digital. Este taller fue organizado por ICE (Instituto para la Competitividad Empresarial de Castilla y León), UVa (Universidad de Valladolid) y apoyado principalmente por el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) a través del Programa Interreg España-Portugal V-A (POCTEP) bajo la subvención 0677_DISRUPTIVE_2_E (Dinamización de los Digital Innovation Hubs dentro de la región PocTep para el impulso de las TIC disruptivas y de última generación a través de la cooperación en la región transfronteriza).[EN] The workshop on Disruptive Information and Communication Technologies for Innovation and Digital transformation, organized under the scope of the DISRUPTIVE project (disruptive.usal.es) and held on September 12, 2022 in Valladolid, aims to discuss problems, challenges and benefits of using disruptive digital technologies, namely Internet of Things, Big data, cloud computing, multi-agent systems, machine learning, virtual and augmented reality, and collaborative robotics, to support the on-going digital transformation in society. The main topics included: Intelligent Manufacturing Systems; Industry 4.0 and digital transformation; Internet of Things; Cyber-security; Collaborative and intelligent robotics; Multi-Agent Systems; Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems; Virtualization and digital twins; Predictive maintenance; Virtual and augmented reality, Big Data and advanced data analytics; Edge and cloud Computing; Digital Transformation. The workshop program included 6 accepted technical papers, 2 invited talks and a networking session. This volume contains 6 of the papers presented at the Workshop on Disruptive Information and Communication Technologies for Innovation and Digital Transformation. This workshop was organized by ICE (Institute for Business Competitiveness of Castilla y León), UVa (University of Valladolid) and mainly supported by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the Interreg Spain-Portugal V-A Program (POCTEP) under grant 0677_DISRUPTIVE_2_E (Intensifying the activity of Digital Innovation Hubs within the PocTep region to boost the development of disruptive and last generation ICTs through cross-border cooperation)

Computational and transcriptional evidence for microRNAs in the honey bee genome

A total of 68 non-redundant candidate honey bee miRNAs were identified computationally; several of them appear to have previously unrecognized orthologs in the Drosophila genome. Several miRNAs showed caste- or age-related differences in transcript abundance and are likely to be involved in regulating honey bee development

Condiciones de posibilidad y oportunidades para el desarrollo de Sistemas Integrales de Protección de Derechos de Niñas, Niños y Adolescentes a nivel local. La brecha entre lo normativo y las prácticas institucionales. Una mirada nacional. 2005 – 2015

El Proyecto objetiva identificar y describir los factores que producen la persistencia de una brecha entre la normativa vigente y las prácticas institucionales y organizacionales de las áreas de gestión de las políticas de Niñez Adolescencia y Familia (NAF), centrando su indagación en las agendas, temas, problemas, prioridades, miradas normativas y miradas constructivas en los procesos de producción de estas políticas, así como en la caracterización de los principales rasgos institucionales, los atributos de la subjetividad y las condiciones de trabajo de los equipos técnicos que se desempeñan en dichas áreas. Se han desarrollado metodologías cualitativas de recolección y análisis de datos sobre los aspectos mencionados. Entre los resultados cabe destacar que: no existieron condicionantes en la conformación institucional jurídica y administrativa del sistema de protección de derechos de NNyA donde se cumplen las condiciones de realización de la ley. Las brechas se explican por condicionantes en la dimensión técnico-operativa: ley, prácticas y coordinación de acciones, presupuestos, tiempos institucionales, coordinación vertical entre Nación, provincias, municipios y organizaciones sociales. El modo de financiamiento es altamente condicionante y determinante de las condiciones de posibilidad de las Polìticas Públicas (PP) en Niñez.&nbsp

Comparación de la fibra detergente neutra en gramíneas, calculada mediante algoritmo de análisis de imágenes rojo, verde y azul vs espectroscopia del infrarrojo cercano

The aim of this study to the evaluate the precision of the Red, Green, Blue (RGB) image analysis algorithm included in the TaurusWebs V2017® software for calculating the percentage of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in the dry matter of grasses, from images of the grasslands taken by a drone with RGB camera. The results were compared with NDF values calculated with near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Forty-two samples were taken for NIRS: 18 from grasses from the high tropics in Cundinamarca: kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum), velvet grass (Holcus lanatus) and reed canarian grass (Phalaris arundinacea) and 24 from the lower tropics in Tolima, Colombia: pangola (Digitaria decumbens), para (Brachiaria mutica), Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) and silver grass (Bothriochloa pertusa). The results were compared against 180 evaluations made with the algorithm of the images of the same grasses where the samples were taken for NIRS. The Kendall and Spearman correlation tests were significant (p<0.05), with an association of rho = 0.81 for the Kruskal Wallis hypothesis test (p>0.05). There were no significant differences in NDF values under the two methodologies and according to the Wilcoxon test, the medians of DNF calculated by NIRS vs. those of the algorithm are the same. In conclusion, the information generated with the algorithm can be used for NDF analysis work in grasses.El trabajo estuvo orientado a evaluar la precisión del algoritmo de análisis de imágenes Red, Green, Blue (RGB) incluido en el software TaurusWebs V2017® para el cálculo del porcentaje de fibra detergente neutra (FDN) en la materia seca de gramíneas, a partir de imágenes de las praderas tomadas por un dron con cámara RGB. Los resultados fueron comparados con los valores de FDN calculados con espectroscopia del infrarrojo cercano (NIRS). Se tomaron 42 muestras para NIRS: 18 de gramíneas de trópico alto en Cundinamarca: kikuyo (Pennisetum clandestinum), falsa poa (Holcus lanatus) y pasto brasilero (Phalaris arundinacea) y 24 de trópico bajo en Tolima, Colombia: pangola (Digitaria decumbens), pará (Brachiaria mutica), bermuda (Cynodon dactylon) y colosuana (Bothriochloa pertusa). Los resultados se compararon contra 180 evaluaciones hechas con el algoritmo de las imágenes de las mismas gramíneas donde se tomaron las muestras para NIRS. Las pruebas de correlación de Kendall y de Spearman fueron significativas (p<0.05), con una asociación de rho=0.81 para la prueba de hipótesis de Kruskal Wallis (p> 0.05). No hubo diferencias significativas en los valores de FDN bajo las dos metodologías y según la prueba de Wilcoxon las medianas de la FDN calculada por NIRS vs. las del algoritmo son iguales. En conclusión, la información generada con el algoritmo se puede utilizar para trabajos de análisis del FDN en gramíneas

Impact of web blight on photosynthetic performance of an elite common bean line in the Western Amazon region of Colombia

Disease stress caused by plant pathogens impacts the functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus, and the symptoms caused by the degree of severity of the disease can generally be observed in different plant parts. The accurate assessment of plant symptoms can be used as a proxy indicator for managing disease incidence, estimating yield loss, and developing genotypes with disease resistance. The objective of this work was to determine the response of the photosynthetic apparatus to the increased disease severity caused by web blight Thanatephorus cucumeris (Frank) Donk on the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) leaves under acidic soil and the humid tropical conditions of the Colombian Amazon. Differences in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, including Fv/Fm, Y(II), Y(NPQ), Y(NO), ETR, qP, and qN in leaves with different levels of severity of web blight in an elite line (BFS 10) of common bean were evaluated under field conditions. A significant effect of web blight on the photosynthetic apparatus was found. A reduction of up to 50% of energy use dedicated to the photosynthetic machinery was observed, even at the severity scale score of 2 (5% surface incidence). The results from this study indicate that the use of fluorescence imaging not only allows for the quantifying of the impact of web blight on photosynthetic performance, but also for detecting the incidence of disease earlier, before severe symptoms occur on the leaves

Influence of simultaneous intercropping of maize-bean with input of inorganic or organic fertilizer on growth, development, and dry matter partitioning to yield components of two lines of common bean

Intercropping is a common practice among smallholder farmers cultivating common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and maize (Zea mays L.). It affects agronomic performance, dry matter partition- ing, and grain yield. Simultaneous intercropping of common bean with maize can influence growth, development, and dry matter partitioning of grain of common bean. The main objectives of this study are to: (i) evaluate the dynamics of growth and development of the different vegetative organs, and (ii) determine the efficiency in dry matter partitioning to yield components of two common bean lines grown under monoculture compared with two simultaneous intercropping patterns (pattern 1, pattern 2) with maize and managed with two types of fertilizer application. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications was used in a nested trifactorial arrangement in split-plot scheme. The field experiment was conducted in two seasons under conditions of acid soils and high temperatures in the western Amazon region of Colombia. Simultaneous intercropping patterns 1 and 2 had a negative effect on growth dynamics of maize compared to maize monoculture. But the two bean lines when associated with maize showed no significant differences on growth dynamics under both types of fertilizer application. Under both intercropping patterns, the maize cobs were larger, a condition that increased the number of grains, but with smaller size of grains compared to monoculture. In the case of two bean lines, the growth and development responses were different: under monoculture the number of pods and seeds per plant was higher while the number of grains per pod increased under intercropping patterns. Among the two bean lines, 100-seed weight was significantly higher in BFS 10 compared to ALB 121. At the grain yield level of common bean, the simultaneous intercropping pattern increased 516 kg ha−1 and 993 kg ha−1 more than that obtained in monoculture (4936 kg ha−1) with inorganic and organic fertilizer, respectively. Results from this study indicated that smallholders in the Amazon region of Colombia can achieve higher grain yield through the implementation of simultaneous intercropping of maize with common bean line (BFS 10) under organic fertilizer application

Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging as a Tool for Evaluating Disease Resistance of Common Bean Lines in the Western Amazon Region of Colombia

The evaluation of disease resistance is considered an important aspect of phenotyping for crop improvement. Identification of advanced lines of the common bean with disease resistance contributes to improved grain yields. This study aimed to determine the response of the photosynthetic apparatus to natural pathogen infection by using chlorophyll (Chla) fluorescence parameters and their relationship to the agronomic performance of 59 common bean lines and comparing the photosynthetic responses of naturally infected vs. healthy leaves. The study was conducted over two seasons under acid soil and high temperature conditions in the western Amazon region of Colombia. A disease susceptibility index (DSI) was developed and validated using chlorophyll a (Chla) fluorescence as a tool to identify Mesoamerican and Andean lines of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) that are resistant to pathogens. A negative effect on the functional status of the photosynthetic apparatus was found with the presence of pathogen infection, a situation that allowed the identification of four typologies based on the DSI values ((i) moderately resistant; (ii) moderately susceptible; (iii) susceptible; and (iv) highly susceptible). Moderately resistant lines, five of them from the Mesoamerican gene pool (ALB 350, SMC 200, BFS 10, SER 16, SMN 27) and one from the Andean gene pool (DAB 295), allocated a higher proportion of energy to photochemical processes, which increased the rate of electron transfer resulting in a lower sensitivity to disease stress. This photosynthetic response was associated with lower values of DSI, which translated into an increase in the accumulation of dry matter accumulation in different plant organs (leaves, stem, pods and roots). Thus, DSI values based on chlorophyll fluorescence response to pathogen infection could serve as a phenotyping tool for evaluating advanced common bean lines. Six common bean lines (ALB 350, BFS 10, DAB 295, SER 16, SMC 200 and SMN 27) were identified as less sensitive to disease stress under field conditions in the western Amazon region of Colombia, and these could serve as useful parents for improving the common bean for multiple stress resistance

Impact of Web Blight on Photosynthetic Performance of an Elite Common Bean Line in the Western Amazon Region of Colombia

Disease stress caused by plant pathogens impacts the functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus, and the symptoms caused by the degree of severity of the disease can generally be observed in different plant parts. The accurate assessment of plant symptoms can be used as a proxy indicator for managing disease incidence, estimating yield loss, and developing genotypes with disease resistance. The objective of this work was to determine the response of the photosynthetic apparatus to the increased disease severity caused by web blight Thanatephorus cucumeris (Frank) Donk on the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) leaves under acidic soil and the humid tropical conditions of the Colombian Amazon. Differences in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, including Fv/Fm, Y(II), Y(NPQ), Y(NO), ETR, qP, and qN in leaves with different levels of severity of web blight in an elite line (BFS 10) of common bean were evaluated under field conditions. A significant effect of web blight on the photosynthetic apparatus was found. A reduction of up to 50% of energy use dedicated to the photosynthetic machinery was observed, even at the severity scale score of 2 (5% surface incidence). The results from this study indicate that the use of fluorescence imaging not only allows for the quantifying of the impact of web blight on photosynthetic performance, but also for detecting the incidence of disease earlier, before severe symptoms occur on the leaves

Influence of Increase in Phosphorus Supply on Agronomic, Phenological, and Physiological Performance of Two Common Bean Breeding Lines Grown in Acidic Soil under High Temperature Stress Conditions

Many common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants cultivated in areas of the world with acidic soils exhibit difficulties adapting to low phosphorus (P) availability, along with aluminum (Al) toxicity, causing yield loss. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of an increase in P supply level on the agronomic, phenological, and physiological performance of two common bean breeding lines grown in acidic soil, with low fertility and under high temperature conditions, in a screenhouse. A randomized complete block (RCB) design was used under a factorial arrangement (five levels of P × 2 genotypes) for a total of 10 treatments with four replications. The factors considered in the experiment were: (i) five P supply levels (kg ha−1): four levels of P0, P15, P30, and P45 through the application of rock phosphate (RP), and one P level supplied through the application of organic matter (PSOM) corresponding to 25 kg P ha−1 (P25); and (ii) two advanced bean lines (BFS 10 and SEF10). Both bean lines were grown under the combined stress conditions of high temperatures (day and night maximum temperatures of 42.5 °C/31.1 °C, respectively) and acidic soil. By increasing the supply of P, a significant effect was found, indicating an increase in the growth and development of different vegetative organs, as well as physiological efficiency in photosynthesis and photosynthate remobilization, which resulted in higher grain yield in both bean lines evaluated (BFS 10 and SEF10). The adaptive responses of the two bean lines were found to be related to phenological adjustments (days to flowering and physiological maturity; stomatal development), as well as to heat dissipation strategies in the form of heat (NPQ) or unregulated energy (qN) that contributed to greater agronomic performance. We found that, to some extent, increased P supply alleviated the negative effects of high temperature on the growth and development of the reproductive organs of bean lines. Both bean lines (BFS 10 and SEF 10) showed adaptive attributes suited to the combined stress conditions of high temperature and acidic soil, and these two lines can serve as useful parents in a bean breeding program to develop multiple stress tolerant cultivars