Analysis of Vibracores from the New Hampshire Continental Shelf from 1984 and 1988

During this study, the twenty-three vibracores taken in 1984 and 1988 were reexamined, original descriptions verified and significantly expanded, and the cores sampled to provide complete grain size data (i.e. the original sediment grain size analyses were limited). The vibracores were grouped by location with respect to major physiographic features (geoforms) or surficial sediment type including Offshore Marine-Modified Glacial Features (Drumlins and Lodgement Till Deposits), Northern Sand Body, Isles of Shoals, Nearshore Marine-Modified Glacial Features (Eskers and Drumlins), Nearshore Sheet Sand, and Offshore Seafloor Plain. The Northern Sand Body (NSB), located near the Isles of Shoals ~10 km from shore, is relatively large measuring ~3.2km in length and ~1.3km in width, with a maximum relief of ~7m. Earlier studies estimated the NSB may contain as much as 17 million m3 of sand and gravel, but this has not been verified. One of the vibracores taken at the northern end of the NSB has ~3.6m of medium to coarse sand with varying amounts of fine gravel overlying fine sand. Similarly, a vibracore from near the center of the NSB has ~3.1m of slightly granuley medium sand with shell fragments and scattered pebbles overlying fine sands. However, other vibracores taken at the NSB are largely fine to very fine sand of varying thickness. The NSB likely formed from deposits that were originally either a marine glacial delta, a subaqueous delta, or sandy outwash that was heavily modified by marine processes. A vibracore taken on top of an offshore drumlin-like feature located ~24km from shore has ~4.7m of medium to coarse sand overlying fine sand and silty very fine sand to silt deposits. The upper sands likely represent a lag deposit formed by wave action during the last sea-level lowstand. However, it is not known if this lag deposit continues over the surface of the entire drumlin. Except for the NSB, and potentially the offshore drumlin, the other sand and gravel deposits examined are relatively small in aerial extent. However, several of the marine-modified glacial deposits have approximately three to five meters of sand and gravel. For example, a vibracore taken near an esker-like feature had ~5.75m of very coarse sand to gravelly sediments composing the matrix (the largest clasts were not measured due to limited sample size). The eskers were exposed during the last sea-level lowstand and were modified by shallow water waves and nearshore process during the Holocene transgression. The esker was likely eroded, the large gravel left as a lag deposit, and the finer sediment deposited as nearby shoals. The Nearshore Sheet Sand deposits located within a few kilometers of the coast are relatively thin (less than ~2.5m), flat-lying layers of sand and gravel unconformably overlying glacial marine sandy mud which were likely formed from reworked glacial marine sediment during the last transgression, especially wave-modified marine deltas or outwash. In addition, the deposits are likely part of the nearshore sand ramp extending from the beaches in southern NH

Type 2 diabetes mellitus, physical activity, exercise self-efficacy, and body satisfaction. An application of the transtheoretical model in older adults

Physical activity (PA) is a relevant component of the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, to prevent its related morbidities, PA requires an immediate and lasting change of lifestyle. Exercise self-efficacy and body satisfaction were used in a sample of older adults with T2DM, classified in different stages of change, to predict levels of PA. Results show that exercise self-efficacy increases linearly from precontemplation to maintenance stage, while body satisfaction shows an inverted U shape. However, only stages of change, other than exercise self-efficacy, add a significant and noticeable contribution to prediction of levels of PA. This evidence claims a tailored approach to PA in older adults with T2DM and advises behavioural health interventions based on exercise self- efficacy

Surficial Geology of the Continental Shelf off New Hampshire: Morphologic Features and Surficial Sediment

The continental shelf off New Hampshire (NH) in the Western Gulf of Maine (WGOM) is extremely complex and includes extensive bedrock outcrops, marine-modified glacial deposits, marine-formed shoals, seafloor plains, and associated features that are composed of a range of sediment types from mud to gravel. Furthermore, the physiography and composition of the seafloor frequently changes dramatically over relatively short distances (tens of meters). The complexity of the WGOM seafloor results from the interplay of glaciations, sea-level fluctuations, and marine processes (waves and currents). High-resolution multibeam echosounder (MBES) bathymetry and backscatter surveys, along with ground truth consisting of archived seismic reflection profiles, bottom sediment grain size data, vibracores, and video were used to develop surficial geology maps based on the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). The surficial geology maps cover ~3,250 km2 and extend from the coast of NH seaward ~50 km to Jeffreys Ledge and depict major geoforms (physiographic features) and seafloor substrate (sediment size) classifications. CMECS provides a sound basis for classifying the texture of the seafloor; however, the geoform classifications need to be broadened for paraglacial environments in future studies. The surficial geology maps presented here are a major refinement of the original maps produced in 2016 (see Ward et al., 2016a). The new maps reflect the results of a major field campaign conducted in 2016-2017 to obtain accurately located sediment samples and seafloor images to complement the original bottom sediment database. The new sites specifically targeted areas where high-resolution MBES bathymetry existed or where surficial features warranted further ground truth for evaluations. This work was designed to enhance the surficial geology mapping efforts and contribute to the development of new approaches for utilizing acoustics to remotely classify seafloor sediments and morphologic features (also supported by the University of New Hampshire Joint Hydrographic Center). The new surficial geology maps presented here depict the exposed bedrock, morphologic features, and sediment distribution on the continental shelf off NH, revealing features of the seafloor in exceptional detail that have not been previously described. An important finding of this study was the extent and importance of marine-modified glacial features on the WGOM continental shelf. Extensive glacial deposits including drumlins, eskers, outwash, and moraines have been eroded and modified by wave and tidal currents as sea level fluctuated over the last 12,000 years. These features are potential sources of sand and gravel for future beach nourishment projects; however, more detailed subbottom seismic surveys and vibracores are needed for verification. Also, these potential resource areas are presently too far from shore and in too great a depth of water to be easily utilized. As the demand for sand and gravel becomes more acute and technologies advance, mineral resources farther offshore and in deeper water will likely become viable

Phenotypic Evidence of Emerging Ivermectin Resistance in Onchocerca volvulus

Onchocerciasis, commonly known as river blindness, is caused by the filarial nematode Onchocerca volvulus and is transmitted by a blackfly vector. Over 37 million people are thought to be infected, with over 90 million at risk. Infection predominantly occurs in sub-Saharan Africa. Foci also exist in the Arabian Peninsula and Central and South America. Ivermectin, the sole pharmaceutical available for mass chemotherapy, has been used on a community basis for annual or semi-annual treatment since 1987. Multiple treatments with ivermectin kill the microfilariae that are responsible for the pathology of onchocerciasis. More importantly, ivermectin suppresses the reproductive activity of the adult female worms, thus delaying or preventing the repopulation of the skin with new microfilariae and thereby reducing transmission. This study extends earlier reports of sub-optimal responses to ivermectin by examining repopulation levels of microfilaria one year after treatment, worm burdens per nodule, the age structure of adult female worms recovered from nodules, and the reproductive status of adult female worms 90 days after ivermectin treatment. In some communities which have shown a pattern of sub-optimal response to treatment, the data is consistent with an emergence of ivermectin non response or resistance manifested by a loss of the effect of ivermectin on the suppression of parasite reproduction

Identification of the amino-acetonitrile derivative monepantel (AAD 1566) as a new anthelmintic drug development candidate

Anthelmintic resistance has become a global phenomenon in gastro-intestinal nematodes of farm animals, including multi-drug resistance against the three major classes of anthelmintics. There is an urgent need for an anthelmintic with a new mode of action. The recently discovered amino-acetonitrile derivatives (AADs) offer a new class of synthetic chemicals with anthelmintic activity. The evaluation of AADs was pursued applying in vitro assays and efficacy and tolerability studies in rodents, sheep, and cattle. Amongst various suitable compounds, AAD 1566 eliminated many tested pathogenic nematode species, both at larval and adult stages, at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg bodyweight in sheep and 5.0 mg/kg bodyweight in cattle. The same doses were sufficient to cure animals infected with resistant or multi-drug-resistant nematode isolates. These findings, complemented by the good tolerability and low toxicity to mammals, suggest that AAD 1566, monepantel, would be a suitable anthelmintic drug development candidate

Le chancre du châtaignier en Périgord : diversité des chancres et des isolats de Cryphonectria parasitica (Murrill) Barr

*INRA, Centre de Recherches de Bordeaux, Station de Pathologie VégétaleNational audienc

Le chancre du châtaignier en France. Hypovirulence et structure des populations de Cryphonectria parasitica

National audienc