A chemosensor for dihydrogenphosphate based on an oxoazamacrocycle possessing three thiourea arms

We report a new H-bond macrocyclic chromogenic chemosensor in organic media, H3L, which displayed drastic changes in its UV–vis spectra revealing selectivity for dihydrogenphosphate over other inorganic anions, such as acetate or fluoride. The X-ray crystal structures of the [H4L⋯NO3]·(CH3CN)4 and [H4L⋯CF3CO2]·(CH3CN)2 salt complexes are also reportedR. B. thanks the Xunta de Galicia (Spain), Projects PGIDI10PXIB209028PR and INCITE09E1R209058ES. M. V. L. thanks the Directorate-General for Research and Development of the Xunta of Galicia (INCITE09 209 084 PR) and the Ministry for Science and Innovation of Spain (CTQ2009-14431/BQU) for financial supportS

The Effect of Sucrose Supplementation on the Micropropagation of Salix viminalis L. Shoots in Semisolid Medium and Temporary Immersion Bioreactors

[Abstract] The effect of sucrose concentration on the micropropagation of axillary shoots of willow was investigated. The following factors were examined: the culture system (semisolid medium in glass jars versus liquid medium in temporary immersion bioreactors), the type of explant (apical and basal sections), the frequency of immersion, and CO₂ enrichment. Shoots and leaf growth were significantly higher in RITA® bioreactors than in the jars for all the sucrose treatments. Apical or basal sections of willow cultured in bioreactors under high light intensity (150 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹) and ventilated six times a day with CO₂-enriched air were successfully proliferated without sucrose, whereas shoots cultured in jars did not proliferate well if sucrose concentration was 0.5% or lower. More roots were formed when sucrose was added to the medium. Shoots cultured in bioreactors were successfully acclimatized irrespective of the sucrose treatment and the root biomass when transferred to ex vitro conditions. This is the first report of photoautotrophic willow micropropagation, our results confirm the importance of proper gaseous exchange to attain autotrophy during in vitro propagation.This research was funded by Xunta de Galicia (Spain) (projects IN607A and Contrato Programa 2019-2020), by CYTED (P117RT0522) and by CSIC (COOPB20584)Xunta de Galicia; IN607AConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; COOPB2058

Micropropagation of Plum (Prunus domestica L.) in Bioreactors Using Photomixotrophic and Photoautotrophic Conditions

[Abstract] In this study, we propagated two old Galician plum varieties in liquid medium using a temporary immersion system with RITA© bioreactors. Environmental variables including culture system, light intensity, CO2 enrichment, immersion frequency and sucrose supplementation were evaluated in relation to in vitro proliferation, physiological status and ex vitro performance. Bioreactors were superior to jars for culturing shoots in photomixotrophic conditions, producing up to 2 times more shoot numbers and up to 1.7 times more shoot length (depending on the genotype) using shoot clusters. The number and quality of shoots were positively influenced by the sucrose concentration in the medium, plus by the light and gaseous environment. For individual apical sections the best response occurred with 3% sucrose, 150 µmol m−2 s−1 photosynthetic photon flux density and 2000 ppm CO2, averaging 2.5 shoots per explant, 26 mm shoot length and 240 mm2 leaf area, while with 50 µmol m−2 s−1 light and ambient CO2 (400 ppm) values decreased to 1.2 shoots per explant, 14 mm of shoot length and 160 mm2 of leaf area. Shoots cultured photoautotrophically (without sucrose) were successfully rooted and acclimated despite of showing limited growth, low photosynthetic pigments, carbohydrate, phenolic and antioxidant contents during the multiplication phase.This research was funded by Xunta de Galicia (Spain) (project IN607A 2021), by CYTED (P117RT0522), and by CSIC (PIE 202140E015, COOPB20584)Xunta de Galicia; IN607A 2021Programa Iberoamericano de Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (CYTED); P117RT0522Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; COOPB2058

Effect of Sucrose on Growth and Stress Status of Castanea sativa x C. crenata Shoots Cultured in Liquid Medium

[Abstract] Current breeding programs aim to increase the number of ink-tolerant chestnut trees using vegetative propagation of selected genotypes. However, the commercial vegetative propagation of chestnut species is still a bottleneck for the forest industry, mainly due to problems in the rooting and acclimation of propagules. This study aimed to explore the potential benefits of decreasing sucrose supplementation during chestnut micropropagation. Explants were cultured with high light intensity and CO2-enriched air in temporary or continuous immersion bioreactors and with different sucrose supplementation to evaluate the impact of these treatments on growth, rooting and physiological status (monosaccharide content, soluble phenolics and antioxidant activity). The proliferation and rooting performance of shoots cultured by continuous immersion decreased sharply with sucrose concentrations lower than 1%, whereas shoots cultured by temporary immersion grew and rooted successfully with 0.5% sucrose. These results suggest this system is appropriate to culture chestnut with low sucrose concentration and to explore photoautotrophic propagation of this species.This research was funded by Xunta de Galicia (Spain) (projects IN607A 2021), by CYTED (P117RT0522), and by CSIC (PIE 202140E015, COOPB20584)Xunta de Galicia; IN607A 2021Programa Iberoamericano de Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (CYTED); P117RT0522Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; PIE 202140E015Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; COOPB2058

Using in vitro culture for conservation of genetic resources: micropropagation of a monumental Prunus dulcis tree

The need to conserve biodiversity has been granted increasing political and social attention in the last years. Monumental or emblematic trees, both those >wild> trees living in forests and the century-old, >domesticated> agricultural trees, should be preserved in situ for its intrinsic value, its cultural legacy, the rich diversity of microhabitats they generate, and the quantity of organisms that depend on them to life. Also, they should be preserved ex situ for the study and the conservation of their genetic resources, for educational issues and for reintroducing plant material of high quality in their natural areas, most of them currently degraded or threatened. Within ex situ conservation methods, in vitro culture presents special advantages in the case of emblematic trees, such as the small quantity of plant material needed to begin the micropropagation procedure and the possibility of implementing long-term conservation techniques as cryopreservation. The aim of this study was to micropropagate mature material from an ancient almond tree, named ¿Gladiador¿, located in Membrilla (Central Spain), together with juvenile material proceeding from its seeds. This monumental tree, probably 300-years-old, dominates a landscape formed by hundreds of olive trees, and has a special emblematic meaning for the population of the area. For establishment of axillary shoot cultures, plant material was provided by the FIRE foundation. Three types of material were used: 1) shoots flushed at the tree at the beginning of spring, 2) shoots forced to flush in a phytotron from branch segments collected in late winter, and 3) seeds collected in autumn and stored at a cool place for six months before being germinated in vitro. Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L-1 N6-benzyladenine and 0.5 mg L-1 indole-3-butyric acid was used for culture establishment and stabilization. Different combinations of plant growth regulators were evaluated for shoot proliferation, elongation and adventitious root formation. Rooted shoots from cultures obtained from the Gladiador mother tree and from lines originated from seeds were successfully acclimatized in the phytotron and the greenhouse. For mid-term conservation, shoots from mature and juvenile origins were submitted to cold storage at 4-6 ºC. So far, we have obtained 78 plantlets that are currently being acclimated, 70 corresponding to clonal material from the mother tree and 10 corresponding to clonal material from seeds

Assessment of the labelling accuracy of spanish semipreserved anchovies products by FINS (forensically informative nucleotide sequencing)

Anchovies have been traditionally captured and processed for human consumption for millennia. In the case of Spain, ripened and salted anchovies are a delicacy, which, in some cases, can reach high commercial values. Although there have been a number of studies presenting DNA methodologies for the identification of anchovies, this is one of the first studies investigating the level of mislabelling in this kind of products in Europe. Sixty-three commercial semipreserved anchovy products were collected in different types of food markets in four Spanish cities to check labelling accuracy. Species determination in these commercial products was performed by sequencing two different cyt-b mitochondrial DNA fragments. Results revealed mislabelling levels higher than 15%, what authors consider relatively high considering the importance of the product. The most frequent substitute species was the Argentine anchovy, Engraulis anchoita, which can be interpreted as an economic fraud

Effect of Soil Type and In Vitro Proliferation Conditions on Acclimation and Growth of Willow Shoots Micropropagated in Continuous Immersion Bioreactors

Salix viminalis L. is a species with high capacity for micropropagation and acclimation and could therefore be used to evaluate emergent techniques in the field of plant propagation. The aims of this study were to propagate willow in liquid medium with a continuous immersion system, to explore the application of photoautotrophic conditions and to investigate the adaptation of willow plantlets to different soils that could be used as alternatives to commercial peat. For proliferation, we used 3% sucrose or sugar-free medium, and as substrates, we used commercial peat, a soil from an oak forest with high organic matter content and a crop soil with low organic matter content. The effect of sugar supplementation during proliferation and the soil characteristics during acclimation and growth were evaluated on the basis of aerial and root growth and the hydrolytic and dehydrogenase enzymatic activities of the soils. The results indicate that under photoautotrophic conditions, the supplementation of sucrose during micropropagation did not affect the subsequent growth of the plantlets. All plants acclimated without loss, but the type of soil influenced the height and vigor. Plants produced the highest shoots in peat, whereas the most root development occurred in crop soil. Soil enzyme activities were more influenced by the type of soil than by the presence of plants

Transcriptomic analysis of auxin and paclobutrazol treatments during the induction of adventitious roots in chestnut

XV Reunión de la Sociedad Española de Cultivo In Vitro en Tejidos Vegetales, 6-8 de septiembre 2023, Lleid

Application of in vitro culture to plant regeneration in natural areas

XV REUNIÓN DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPAÑOLA DE CULTIVO IN VITRO DE TEJIDOS VEGETALES, 6-8 de septiembre de 2023, Lleid