Traditional Roles of African Women in Peace Making and Peace Building: An Evaluation

The study set out to scrutinize the scope of conflict in Africa and further evaluate the contribution of women to the peace process as well as the challenges such roles impose on them. The study affirms the important roles of women as an agent of peace in which they demonstrated an act of courage and love to end conflicts when men failed. The study shows that there is an overemphasis on women as victims of conflict or sometimes as combatants or agents. This largely conceals the invaluable contribution of women to the peace process. This position amounts to placing them in a position that they might be seen as weaklings or perpetrator of conflict. The study further concludes that most of the conflicts that became protracted and deep-rooted reflect institutional failure and the refusal of those in the position of authority to act at the right time due to greed, poverty, and lack of inclusive arrangement in governance. The study, therefore, recommends that the root of the problem must first be attacked in that government must be proactive enough to monitor, act promptly to diffuse tension in explosive issues that could lead to direct violence. This is achievable if the government is sincere, honest, and adopts an inclusive approach in governance thereby ensuring fairness in the distribution of resources

Political Violence in Nigeria and Its Implication for National Development

Political violence is a major impediment to Nigeria's national development. With the restoration to democratic rule in May 1999, high expectations were raised that the new democratic dispensation would resolve the risk of Nigeria's political violence, while speeding the country's economic and social transformation. It's worrying that since democratic rule returned, Nigeria has experienced a degree of unprecedented political violence that has crippled the efforts of national development. The fundamental thrust of this paper is to investigate the incidence of Nigeria's political violence and assess its national development consequences. The paper shows that political violence dissuades domestic and foreign investment in our economy, triggers government loss of revenue and resources, and results in the election of unqualified representatives to the detriment of the country's economic and social progress. This paper proposes reducing wages paid to political office holders, and politicians should strive to achieve national unity instead of growing religious and ethnic tensions. Lastly, National resources should also be equitably distributed by the government

THE INFLUENCE OF COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN (CAD) ON STUDENTS’ CREATIVITY IN ARCHITECTURAL SCHOOLS (COVENANT UNIVERSITY AS A CASE STUDY)

The use of Computer Aided Design (CAD) became popularized at the end of the 20th century and there have been disagreements on the impacts of these softwares on the creativity of students of architecture around the world. The paper investigated how CAD has affected students’ creativity in architectural schools using Covenant University as a case study. The research employed the use of quantitative method by classifying the population into two groups. This includes the undergraduate and post graduate students. Questionnaires were used to elucidate information from the groups. The findings of this study revealed that CAD in one way or another has greatly influenced the productive, speed as well as accuracy of students’ performance. The outcome of the research would help students, lecturers, and professionals alike to plan and structure the use of CAD in architecture on a local and global scal

ENHANCED STUDENTS LEARNING AND THE NEW GRADUATES EXPERIENCE: A CASE IN ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT, COVENANT UNIVERSITY

All year round in the world, admissions into higher institutions of learning are carried out with most students finding themselves in various disciplines including Architecture. Once on these career paths, students have different learning abilities one differing from the other. Learning enhancement refers to skills acquisition to improving understanding especially in the value and effective use of knowledge acquired. This is normally done through taught courses from departmental faculty members with the aim of enriching the undergraduate for maximum knowledge enhancement. As a result, this research will try and identify the modern and dynamic learning techniques available for knowledge dissemination to undergraduate classes of Architecture at Covenant University. Quantitative research methods was adopted where questionnaires were administered to the fresh classes of the Department of Architecture. This paper aims to enhance learning skills at the undergraduate level and the application towards effective teaching delivery by faculty in Architecture schools. The following questions are to be answered: What are the relevant skills required of undergraduate students in the department of architecture?, What current enhanced learning techniques are used in teaching the students in the fresh classes of Architecture at Covenant University? and In what ways can innovative teaching methods and skills of knowledge transfer be used to enhance effective learning at the undergraduate level? Contributions to knowledge are that new methods of enhanced learning techniques are to be recommended from the study, and also new methods of knowledge transfer will be proffered. Secondly, enhanced learning methods and skills need to be introduced into the curriculum towards effectively equipping the new intake better prepared for the course of study

ENTREPRENEURIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PROSPECTIVE LI-ID PRENEURS

Over the years, there have been several definitions of an entrepreneur but the 21st century definition by Schumpeter is that of innovation which he saw as an engine of economic development. Architectural training in institutions of higher learning entails training of individuals to reason creatively through series of line drawings and ideas generation. This equips prospective students towards blending into the world of construction and contracts administration and without the basic knowledge or skills of engagement, it’s next to impossible surviving the competition. Further equipping the student with entrepreneurial skills makes him more versatile and thus become a Li-Id preneur (Lines-Ideas preneur) due to his training through lines drawings and ideas generation. This paper investigated the characteristics of the Li-Id preneurs of students in Covenant University, Nigeria. This was done by administering a well-structured questionnaire and interviews for proper conclusion on the subject matter from a cross section of students from final year in Architecture and Business Studies in 2016- 2017 academic sessions. The data collected was statistically analysed with SPSS software and it showed that it was imperative that entrepreneurial skills acquisition was key and fundamental towards business intelligence and making the student better equipped in all round skills acquisition. It also showed that while the Li-Id preneur had acquired skills in line drawings and ideas generation, having an alternative means of livelihood was a giant leap towards economic empowerment and national development. Also, the teaching of entrepreneurial skills should be part of the education curriculum during these formative years of the Li-Id preneur’s lif

Legitimation Crisis, Transformative Teaching-Learning and Regrounding of Authority in the Roman Catholic Church

This study explores how religious education, and in particular transformative teaching and learning can provide an opportunity to re-ground authority in the Roman Catholic Church. The research presents an educational response to the legitimation crisis. It seeks to resolve the organization problem as typified in the pyramidic-hierarchical pattern of leadership in the Church. Drawing upon the works of Jürgen Habermas and Jack Mezirow, the study maintains that there is a crisis of leadership or authority in the Catholic Church and that to transform its life the leadership of the Church has to critically examine its ways of being in the world in the postmodern age. The researcher employs the guiding metaphor of calming the storm to imagine a reordering of the Church’s focus on pyramidal exercise of authority that has fueled the storm. The researcher recognizes that institution and magisterial edicts are needed to ground and guide our holy longings. The hallmark of the Church is its ability to discern how the Spirit is guiding its members. However, the Roman Catholicism has an organizational problem. The researcher wishes to step outside of the categories for looking at the Church and to place both the best of the Church and its problems in a new framework. This includes a retrieval of the richest and fullest meaning of the term “hierarchy”. The researcher asserts that as a pattern or design of an institution, the term hierarchy transcends a group within an institution. The exercise of authority that is relational and inclusive at this time of legitimation crisis is required. Both the ordained and non-ordained is bound by Christian obedience to speak their minds and be conscious of their respective responsibilities also. The one source of authority in the Church today is the full range of experiences of men, women, and children. The researcher offers three symbols of koinonia (community), leitourgia (liturgy) and didache (teaching), which in the Church’s tradition can help re-root and re-ground its life with an authoritative foundation

Electron Transfer Reactions of Tetrakis (2, 2- Bipyridine)-µ Oxodiiron(III) Complex and Dithionate Ion in Aqueous Acidic Media: Kinetic and Mechanistic Approach

Communication in Physical Sciences, 2023, 10(1): 57-66 Authors: Atim Sunday Johnson, Idongesit Bassey Anweting* and Idongesit Edem Okon Received: 18 July 2023/Accepted 20 September 2023 Electron transfer reaction of tetrakis(2,2’- bipyridine)-µ-oxodiiron(III) complex (Fe2O4+) and  dithionate  (S2O62- )  has been carried out in aqueous hydrochloric acid. The reaction was carried out at [H+] = 1.0  × 10-3  mol dm-3, I = .3.0 × 10-1   mol dm-3(NaCl), T= 26 ± 1°C, and  λmax = 520nm. The stoichiometric ratio of the reaction is 1:1.The reaction is first order with respect to [Fe2O4+] and zero-order on [S2O62-] and is not hydrogen ion and ionic strength dependent. Added anions and cations do not affect the reaction, there was no gel formation upon the addition of acrylamide and excess methanol to the reaction mixture, which shows the absence of polymerisation, The products of the reaction were identified as Fe2+ and SO42-.  With recourse to empirical data, the reaction is rationalised to occur via an outer sphere pathway with ion pair character. A Plausible mechanism has been proposed for the reaction