Approximate In-memory computing on RERAMs

Computing systems have seen tremendous growth over the past few decades in their capabilities, efficiency, and deployment use cases. This growth has been driven by progress in lithography techniques, improvement in synthesis tools, architectures and power management. However, there is a growing disparity between computing power and the demands on modern computing systems. The standard Von-Neuman architecture has separate data storage and data processing locations. Therefore, it suffers from a memory-processor communication bottleneck, which is commonly referred to as the \u27memory wall\u27. The relatively slower progress in memory technology compared with processing units has continued to exacerbate the memory wall problem. As feature sizes in the CMOS logic family reduce further, quantum tunneling effects are becoming more prominent. Simultaneously, chip transistor density is already so high that all transistors cannot be powered up at the same time without violating temperature constraints, a phenomenon characterized as dark-silicon. Coupled with this, there is also an increase in leakage currents with smaller feature sizes, resulting in a breakdown of \u27Dennard\u27s\u27 scaling. All these challenges cannot be met without fundamental changes in current computing paradigms. One viable solution is in-memory computing, where computing and storage are performed alongside each other. A number of emerging memory fabrics such as ReRAMS, STT-RAMs, and PCM RAMs are capable of performing logic in-memory. ReRAMs possess high storage density, have extremely low power consumption and a low cost of fabrication. These advantages are due to the simple nature of its basic constituting elements which allow nano-scale fabrication. We use flow-based computing on ReRAM crossbars for computing that exploits natural sneak paths in those crossbars. Another concurrent development in computing is the maturation of domains that are error resilient while being highly data and power intensive. These include machine learning, pattern recognition, computer vision, image processing, and networking, etc. This shift in the nature of computing workloads has given weight to the idea of approximate computing , in which device efficiency is improved by sacrificing tolerable amounts of accuracy in computation. We present a mathematically rigorous foundation for the synthesis of approximate logic and its mapping to ReRAM crossbars using search based and graphical methods

Unraveling Forward and Backward Source Problems for a Nonlocal Integrodifferential Equation: A Journey through Operational Calculus for Dzherbashian-Nersesian Operator

This article primarily aims at introducing a novel operational calculus of Mikusi\'nski's type for the Dzherbashian-Nersesian operator. Using this calculus, we are able to derive exact solutions for the forward and backward source problems (BSPs) of a differential equation that features Dzherbashian-Nersesian operator in time and intertwined with nonlocal boundary conditions. The initial condition is expressed in terms of Riemann-Liouville integral (RLI). Solution is presented using Mittag-Leffler type functions (MLTFs). The outcomes related to the existence and uniqueness subject to certain conditions of regularity on the input data are established.Comment: 13 page

Understanding of The Customers’ Perception on Islamic Banking and Financial Services in Malaysia

The main objectives: The main objectives of this study are to delve customers’ knowledge and perception of Islamic banking financial products and services. Background Problem: The background problem is lack of awareness and understanding of the Islamic finance industry is a major challenge for clients, investors, and other stakeholders. Islamic Banking and Finance (IBF) is a booming sector in the financial industry. However, it is still at a developing stage in the economy. Clients awareness is a crucial step to attain its business and social-welfare objectives by abiding by Islamic commercial law. Research Methodology: The research methodology implemented was empirical/inductive. A survey via questionnaire was conducted on 135 banking clients via questionnaires; a comparison between Bank Islam Malaysia Berhad (BIMB) and non-BIMB clients was exemplified using mean and T-test statistics, on their level of knowledge and understanding of the different principles, products, and services of IBF. Results and Findings: Results and findings have inferred that there is not much significant difference in their level of knowledge and understanding. Then it was examined whether there was a significant relationship between the knowledge of the clients and their preference for IBF services. Research Contribution: The contribution of this study can help the Islamic banking industry gain insight into the current level of understanding of IBF products and services among the clients. Conclusion: The conclusion of the study indicates that there must be more attempts to educate clients and other stakeholders of the Islamic banking industry.  Finally, it was also concluded that the clients have a better perception of the prospect of the IBF industry in Malaysia, despite it being at a developing stage

An Empirical Insight into the Theory and Practices of Capital Budgeting in Pakistan

The study explores the different stages of the capital investment decision process and empirically investigates these stages’ mediating role. We have used firms, managers, and economic attributes as independent variables. Likewise, ROA, ROE, and EPS are used as proxies for measuring firm performance, which is the dependent variable. A survey was conducted through a self-developed questionnaire for non-financial listed firms of the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). The questionnaire comprises of two parts. The first part is related to managers and firm attributes. The second part covers the nine steps of the Capex Appraisal Model (CAM). PLS-SEM was used to investigate the objectives of the study. Moreover, the results support the applicability of CAM in the corporate sector of Pakistan. For this purpose, 27 hypotheses were empirically tested, of which 21 were found to be significant. However, 6 hypotheses were not supported. The findings suggest that the “Capex Appraisal Model” is a useful approach for the corporate sector of Pakistan. Thus, firms should properly evaluate Capex decisions to enhance performance in the long run

Using of Nanoparticles in treating of Hydatid Disease in Domestic Animals

The parasite Echinococcus granulosus is the cause of unilocular hydatid disease, which is a serious health risk to people and domestic animals worldwide. Livestock with hydatid disease suffers substantial financial losses due to the slaughterhouse's disapproval of the diseased animal parts, productivity losses (such as lowered live weight gain, milk yield, reproductive rates, and hide and skin value), and expenses related to caring for both humans and animals. Because of the parasite's complex life cycle and the difficulties associated with traditional treatment techniques, new strategies are needed to handle this crippling illness more successfully. In the treatment of hydatid illness, nanomedicine and nanoparticles have shown great promise, providing new approaches to medication distribution, focused therapy, diagnosis, and control measures. The possible roles and applications of nanomedicine and nanoparticles in treating hydatid illness in domestic animals are reviewed in this article. Owing to their distinct physicochemical characteristics at the nanoscale, nanoparticles enable tailored medication administration, enhancing anthelmintic agent potency while reducing systemic side effects. Therapeutic drugs like praziquantel or albendazole can be encapsulated in these nanoparticles, allowing for improved permeability and retention at the location of the parasite cysts. Additionally, imaging agents and diagnostic instruments at the nanoscale enable.  Additionally, nanotechnology offers avenues for developing innovative control measures, including environmental disinfection and targeted delivery of parasiticides. Collaborative efforts between researchers, veterinarians, and experts in nanotechnology are crucial to harnessing the full potential of nanoparticles and nanomedicine in effectively managing the infection in domestic animals.&nbsp