Perumuman Lemma Snake Dan Lemma Lima

. -exact sequences was introduced by Davvaz dan Parnian-Garamaleky as a generalization of exact sequences. In this paper, we give some characterizations and properties of -exact sequences. We use these result to find a generalization of Snake Lemma and Five Lemma. Key words Kunci : -exact sequences, Snake Lemma, Five Lemm

Sosialisasi Media Pita Bilangan Matematika Siswa Sekolah Dasar Desa Gelangsar Lombok Barat

Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian untuk mengetahui proses sosialisasi dengan menggunakan media Pita bilangan dan Bimbingan Belajar Matematika untuk menigkatkan pemahaman dalam berhitung matematika siswa SD di Desa Gelangsar. Metode Pengabdian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif. Rancangan Pengabdian terdiri dari tahap perencanaan dan pelaksanaan tindakan. Sasaran kegiatan adalah anak SD dengan jumlah anak sekitar 20 orang yang berada di Gelangsar Kecamatan Gunungsari Kabupaten Lombok Barat. Kegiatan dilaksanakan selama 1 hari dilakukan di desa Gelangsar Kecamatan Gunungsari Kabupaten Lombok Barat. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian yaitu (1) kegiatan sosialisasi penggunaan media pita sangat bermanfaat untuk meningkatkan pemahaman siswa terhadap materi bilangan bulat, (2) Kegiatan sosialisasi dapat mendorong siswa supaya lebih giat belajar dan berlatih dalam mengerjakan perhitungan operasi bilangan bulat dan (3) dengan kegiatan pelatihan dapat menambah informasi dalam penggunaan media khususnya pita bilangan

Kajian Keinjektifan Modul (Modul Injektif, Modul Injektif Lemah, Modul Mininjektif)

. Let be an -module. An -module is called injective if for any monomrphism and for any homomorphism there exists a homomorphism such that . We say that an -module is weakly-injective if is weakly -injective for every finitely generated module . An -module is called mininjective if every homomorphism , there exists a homomorphism such that , with is simple ideal of . In this paper, we give some characterizations and properties of injective modules, weakly-injective modules, and mininjective modules. In particular, they have different characterizations for their infinite direct sum

Increment of Patchouli Alcohol in Patchouli Oil by Vacuum Distillation Fraction Method

The quality of Indonesian patchouli oil is commonly lower than that required by standard (substandard). The quality of patchouli oil is determined by the level of an organic compound known as patchouli alcohol (PA). This research is aimed to study the influence of the initial level of patchouli alcohol in patchouli oil to the final oil quality after being separated by vacuum distillation fraction method. The patchouli oils used had three different initial level of patchouli alcohol (31.11%, 32.83% and 33.61%). The results show that the increments of the initial level of patchouli alcohol tend to lower the final concentrations of this compound in the patchouli oil. The oil with 31.11% of initial patchouli alcohol contained 49.07% PA after distillation, the initial PA of 32.83% became 42.87% and the oil with the highest initial PA (33.61%) consisted only 32.85% PA in its final quality

Law Enforcement of the Bandung Regional Regulations on the Orderliness, Cleanliness, and the Beauty

The Number of sidewalk vendors in Bandung has reached 11,000 with no decline in growth according to the survey conducted by Indonesian University of Education/ Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia (UPI) in collaboration with Badan Perencanaan dan Pembangunan Daerah (Bappeda or regional development planning agency) Bandung. Sidewalk vendor is one of the main contributors to the dirtiness and traffic congestion in Bandung. Bandung has passed a Regional Regulation Numbered 3 and 5 about Cleanliness, Orderliness and the Beauty to prevent and to build the sidewalk vendors. However, lack of legal awareness and law enforcement may constrain the effectiveness of the regulation. Those regulations are particularly Bandung Regional Regulation Numbered 4/ 2011 concerning sidewalk vendors in which imposing high fine sanction not only for the seller but also for the buyer to prevent them from violating those regulations. To analyze the the compliance level of society and the effectiveness of fine sanction for the violation of regulations, this research used juridical normative approach and comparative method by comparing the regulation in Bandung with other Regional regulations related to sidewalk vendors in other cities in Indonesia such as in Surakarta and Surabaya. This research found that the law enforcement to the violation of sidewalk vendors regulation in Bandung city is not optimum due to lack of awareness to obey the law. The criminal sanction such as fine and forced fees are not able to prevent the violation of sidewalk vendors regulations. This research suggest that The Regional government of Bandung City: (1) needs to find a right model to keep sidewalk vendors in order by looking at the characteristics of the society and its social culture; (2) needs to search for a way to increase society's compliance to any policies made by the government; and (3) needs to revise the current regulatio

Uji Stabilitas Fisik Formula Krim Yang Mengandung Ekstrak Kacang Kedelai (Glycine Max)

Soybean extract has known for its antiaging potential. The addition of soybean extract was predicted can influence the physical stability of the cream. Therefore, this research was aimed to test the physical stability of cream contained soybean extract in different concentration (2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%). The physical stability test including the storage for eight weeks at room temperature, high temperature (40°±2°C), and low temperature (4°±2°C). Stability parameters were the organoleptic observation, pH, globul size, viscosity, and cycling test. Those four cream formula showed good stability in organoleptic, pH, globul size, viscosity, and cycling test

Perkembangan Kemampuan Pedagogical Content Knowledge (Pck) Calon Guru Biologi pada Pendekatan Konkuren

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh gambaran tahap perkembangan kemampuan PCK calon guru biologi yang mengikuti program konkuren. Perkembangan PCK diteliti selama satu tahun setelah melalui semester ganjil dan praktik mengajar, dengan menggunakan metode Cross-sectional study. Data dikumpulkan dari CoRe dan PaP-eRs yang dibuat calon guru dan hasil wawancara. Sebagai data tambahan pelaksanaan pembelajaran oleh calon guru juga diobservasi. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan teknik deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif menggunakan desain konkuren triangulasi (concurrent triangulation design). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Kemampuan PCK calon guru biologi yang mengikuti program pendidikan guru pada pendekatan konkuren mengalami peningkatan secara bertahap dari waktu ke waktu, mulai dari pra PCK menjadi growing PCK. Dari hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa perkembangan PCK calon guru ini bersifat kontinum, bertahap sesuai proses pada tiap tahapan

Karakteristik Fotosintetik Dan Serapan Fosfor Hijauan Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa) Pada Tinggi Pemotongan Dan Pemupukan Nitrogen Yang Berbeda

Quality and productivity of alfalfa was influence for good management, for example defoliation intensity, variety and dosage of fertilizer. The research was conducted to evaluate photosynthesis characteristics (leaf area, chlorophyll content and photosynthesis rate) and phospor uptake of alfalfa with different defoliation internsity and nitrogen fertilizer. The research was carried out on July until December 2011 at the garden in the village Kenteng, Bandungan, Semarang located at an altitude + 800 mdpl. Analysis was carried out at Forages Crops Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Agriculture, Diponegoro University. The design using randomized block design 2x4 factorial with 3 replications. The first was defoliation intensity (T1 = 5 cm and T2 = 10 cm) the second factor was dosage of nitrogen fertilizer (N1 = 0 kg , N2 = 30 kg, N3 = 60 kg and N4 = 90 kg N/ha). Parameters such as photosynthesis characteristics (leaf area, chlorophyll content and photosynthesis rate) and phospor uptake. The results showed that nitrogen fertilization until dosage 90 kg N/ha and defoliation intensity 5 and 10 cm did not affect to leaf area, chlorophyll content and photosynthesis rate and phospor uptake. There is not interaction defoliation intensity and nitrogen fertilization to leaf area, chlorophyll content and photosynthesis rate and phospor uptake