STRATEGI MARKETING WISATA SYARIAH MELALUI INSTAGRAM

Tourism Marketing Strategy Through Instagram (Case Study of Blitar Chocolate Village). This type of research uses primary data and secondary data using qualitative research. The number of informants in this study amounted to 13 people (managers, employees, parking attendants, traders and visitors). Data collection techniques were carried out by means of interviews (interviews), and observations (observations), directly from respondents who were selected as samples. Based on the results obtained using qualitative analysis, it can be concluded in this study that the reasons why currently switching ways from conventional methods to Instagram marketing are, firstly because of technological advances, consumers are more inclined to use Instagram social media, secondly by using social media marketing in particular. Instagram can reduce prices in marketing financing, thirdly by utilizing influencers to further improve marketing on Instagram, and have a positive impact on the progress of Chocolate Village, lastly, the role of the variable place in the marketing mix can make visitors come back to Chocolate Village because Chocolate Village provides and presents an attractive place atmosphere for consumers and the price is also in accordance with the consumer's pocket. With advances in technology and promotional strategies can immediately move the hearts of consumers

A study to assess awareness on eye donation and willingness to pledge eyes for donation in adult population in Gwalior district (M.P.), India

Background: Purpose of current study was to determine the awareness of eye donation and willingness to pledge eyes for donation in the government colonies (Central and state govt. colonies) of district Gwalior (M.P.). Corneal diseases constitute a significant cause of visual impairment and blindness in the developing world. Although Strategies to prevent corneal blindness are likely to be more cost effective, visual rehabilitation by Corneal Transplantation remains the major treatment for restoring sight in those who already have corneal blindness.Methods: The present study was undertaken from July 2012 to Dec. 2012 with a total population 2192 was surveyed of people residing in central and state govt. Colonies of district Gwalior in which total of 500 houses were taken. The total population aged 30 years and above were interrogated by a predesigned questionnaire regarding awareness of eye donation, any eye related problem and willingness to pledge eyes for donation.Results: The total respondents were 947 in which 481 (50.79%) were Males and 466 (49.21%) were females. The awareness of eye donation was present in 590 (62.30%) while 357 (37.70%) were not aware.Conclusion: The awareness regarding eye donation should be increased so that the public’s attitude would be more favorable to facilitate an increase in the number of corneas available for transplantation.

Humoral response of broilers to live Newcastle Disease virus vaccines manufactured by different companies

Increased incidence and severity of fatal Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) in commercial and domestic poultry has been reported from across Pakistan. The present study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of various live NDV vaccines (Gallivac, Intervet and Ceva) by adapting different vaccination schemes in broilers. Antigenic count of each vaccine and its generated antibody were determined by Haeamagglutination and Haemagglutination inhibition tests respectively. Two different NDV vaccination schemes were tested in such a way that one group had received three vaccines in different time periods whereas, the other after priming at 0 day, was followed by a single booster dose. For this purpose, healthy broilers were divided into four groups A, B, C, and D. On zero day of vaccination, there was no detectable anti NDV-HI titer for all vaccines (Gallivac=2, Intervet=2 & Ceva=2). In first vaccination scheme, detectable anti NDV-HI titer was observed on 16th day of vaccination (Gallivac=3.8, Intervet=4.2 & Ceva=3.6). All vaccines showed protective anti NDV-HI titer on 32nd day, post vaccination (Gallivac=5.8, Intervet=6.2, Ceva=5.8). In second vaccination scheme, detectable anti NDV-HI titer was achieved on 16th day of post vaccination (Gallivac=3.8, Intervet=4.2 & Ceva=3.6). While on 32nd day vaccination, all vaccines showed protective anti NDV-HI titer (Gallivac=5.4, Intervet=5.6 & Ceva=5.2). It is concluded that the two-dose vaccination program, with interval of 12 days, is much effective than the 3-dose vaccination scheme. However, in broilers, anti-NDV antibody titer was induced by all three types of vaccines manufactured by various companies. Keywords: Newcastle disease virus, Humoral Response, Haemagglutination inhibition test, Vaccine schedul

A Machine Learning in Binary and Multiclassification Results on Imbalanced Heart Disease Data Stream

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The Comparison of Outcome in Treating Proximal Ureteric Stones of Size 10 mm to 15 mm Using Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy as Compared to Ureterorenoscopic Manipulation Using Holmium Laser

Urinary stone disease or nephrolithiasis, the third most common disease of the urinary tract, is a major health issue due to its high prevalence, occurrence, and recurrence. The hallmark of a stone that obstructs the ureter or renal pelvis is excruciating, intermittent pain that radiates from the flank to the groin or to the inner thigh. Stone size influences the rate of spontaneous stone passage. Our aim was to compare the efficacy & the frequency of stone-free patients after intervention at 1 week after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and ureterorenoscopic (URS) manipulation for proximal ureteric stone (10–15 mm size). This randomized control trial was done in the department of Urology, KRL Hospital Islamabad from 18th Nov 2019 to 18th May 2020. After meeting the inclusion criteria, 100 patients were enrolled and were divided into two groups. The first group was treated with ESWL and the other with URS. Then, procedures were done. Follow-up was noted after 1 week in the stone clinic. The average age of the patients was 39.71 ± 10.17 years. Efficacy in the ESWL group was found in 68% cases while in the URS group, efficacy was noticed in 76% cases (P > 0.05). Male patients were three times at a higher risk of recurrence as compared to females. This study concluded that both ESWL and URS are equally effective statistically in terms of the frequency of stone-free patients at 1 week for proximal ureteric stone (10–15 mm size)

In-vivo antiviral potential of crude extracts derived from Tribulus terrestris against newcastle disease virus

Viral problems have been in focused of the scientists due to their high metabolic rate, drug resistance and unique nature of pathological mechanism. The failure of novel synthetic allopathic antiviral drugs propels the scientists to investigate other sources of alternative antiviral agents. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) and spectrophotometry were conducted by using standard methods of phytochemical analysis of bioactive components. The methanolic extracts of Tribulus terrestris showed higher phytochemical phenols followed by tannins, alkaloids, carotenoid, saponins quantified by spectrophotometer assay.  The current study was done to evaluate the in vivo antiviral potential of crude extracts of medicinal plant by means of NDV Haemagglutination (HA) titer in vivo vero cell line culture. Furthermore, different doses of crude extract such as 20µl/ml, 40µl/ml, 60µlml and 80µl/ml were interacted with Lasota strain of the NDV (EID50= 1×105, HAU= I05) in 90% saturated vero cell line with constant supply of CO2 at 37°C. It is evaluated that the prevention dose (80µl/ml) of Tribulus terrestris (Pre-treatment) against Newcastle disease virus on vero cell line (2.5±1.0) just before 24 hour of infection is declared as optimum effective time period to counter these agents as compared to Co-treatment (80ul/ml) (3.0±1.15) and Post treatment (80µl/ml) (3.50±1.00). It is suggested from the results of current study that T. terristris showed enormous anti Newcastle disease virus effect in vero cell line adapted virus particularly when used as preventive antiviral therapy at the dose rate not less than 80ul/ml just before onset of disease

Development and optimization of virus neutralization test in chicken embryonated eggs for indirect identification of avian influenza and Newcastle disease virus

Avian viral problems have been consistently reported in commercial poultry of Pakistan causing heavy economic losses to the poultry farmers. Authentic idenfication and confirmation of the causative agent is always been question mark for the selection of vaccinal strain in this regard. Current study was therefore undertaken to optimize the virus neutralization test for the serological survey of vaccinated poultry particularly for avian influenza virus’s subtypes and Newcastle disease virus. Various physiochemical factors such as concentration of antigen and antibody, Incubation temperature and incubation period for in vitro and in-vivo reaction of antigen and antibody were optimized in chicken embryonated eggs. Serum samples were obtained from vaccinated breeder birds of five commercial poultry breeder companies and subjected for VNT using different concentration of three antigen and their respective homologous antibodies under optimized conditions. AIV H9 (EID50-1×109.0/ml) and NDV (EID50-1×108.2/ml) having biological titer of 10-7 /50ul  HA units were neutralize with 10-2/50ul HIU of antibody and incubated at 37°C for 30 minutes was injected subsequently into 10 day old chicken embryo followed by incubation at 37°C for 38 hours showed ≥90% neutralizing specificity. Furthermore, sera obtained from five AIV-H9, AIV-H5 and NDV exposed commercial poultry farms revealed that Big bird broiler, Big bird breeders and A&S chicks are 100% sensitive and specific whereas, Gateway chicks and Waqas poultry breeders showed 100% homology for AIV-H5 virus but do not confers similarity with prevailing AIV-H9 and NDV field strains. Therefore, high sensitivity, reproducibility and specificity VNT, it could be a tool for indirect detection of homology between vaccinal strain and wild virus antigen using known antisera. Particularly, for those organisms possess natural ability to mutate in the adverse climatic conditions. Keywords: Virus neutralization test, Avian Influenza Virus, Newcastle Disease Virus, Sensitivity, Specificit

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV2 Antibodies among Patients and Healthy Individuals of Lahore

Objective: To determine the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV2 antibodies in patients and healthy individuals presenting to a tertiary care hospital in Lahore. Study Design: Cross-sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Pathology Department of Surayya Azeem Hospital, Lahore Pakistan, from May to Jul 2020. Methodology: The study included clinically suspected patients of COVID-19 referred by clinicians and healthy individuals presenting to the hospital for the SARS-CoV-2 antibody test, irrespective of age and gender. Results: The SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity was 704(59.4%) in our study. Out of 1184 individuals tested, 690 patients had a positive clinical history of COVID-19 infection, and 517(74.9%) were positive for COVID-19 antibodies. Out of 494 asymptomatic healthy individuals, positivity for COVID-19 antibodies was 187(37.8%). It was observed that positivity was significantly higher 169(44.0%) in contacts of COVID-19 infection patients compared to asymptomatic healthy individuals 18(16.3%). Conclusion: Our study shows that the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the general public in Pakistan has greatly increased

Study of microvascular blood flow modulated by electroosmosis

An analytical study of microvascular non-Newtonian blood flow is conducted incorporating the electro-osmosis phenomenon. Blood is considered as a Bingham rheological aqueous ionic solution. An externally applied static axial electrical field is imposed on the system. The Poisson-Boltzmann equation for electrical potential distribution is implemented to accommodate the electrical double layer (EDL) in the microvascular regime. With long wavelength, lubrication and Debye-Hückel approximations, the boundary value problem is rendered non-dimensional. Analytical solutions are derived for the axial velocity, volumetric flow rate, pressure gradient, volumetric flow rate, averaged volumetric flow rate along one time-period, pressure rise along one wavelength and stream function. A plug width is featured in the solutions. Via symbolic software (MathematicaTM), graphical plots are generated for the influence of Bingham plug flow width parameter, electrical Debye length (thickness) and Helmholtz-Smoluchowski velocity (maximum electro-osmotic velocity) on the key hydrodynamic variables. An increase in plug flow width is observed to accelerate the axial flow, enhance volumetric flow rate and has a varied influence on the pressure rise depending on whether the flow is in the free pumping or pumping region. Increasing electrical Debye length consistently enhances axial flow, volumetric flow rate and also pressure rise (at any value of volumetric flow rate)

Latent activity of curcumin against leishmaniasis in vitro

In this study the anti-proliferative effect of curcumin (curcuma longa) that is the active ingredient of ground dried rhizome has been studied against three local and three reference leishmanial strains, Leishmania major, Leishmania tropica and Leishmania infantum (Pakistani isolate). Curcumin has shown an average IC50 of 5.3mM against promastigotes of various leishmanial strains which is much lower as compared with pentamidine that is one of the basic treatments against leishmaniasis. The main draw back attributed to these assays performed on promastigotes is the heterogeneity of results compared with those obtained with intracellular amastigotes or with in vivo effect. We also tested activity of curcumin against axenic amastigote like cells (AALC) of L. major strain (MHOM/PK/88/DESTO). Curcumin proves to be far more potent then pentamidine against AALC which further strengthens the fact about its leishmaniacidal activity