Adoption of information technology based patient education in psychiatric nursing

The overall goal of the study was to describe adoption of information technology (IT)-based patient education (PE) developed for patients and nurses use in psychiatric nursing. The data were collected in three phases during the period 2000-2006 in a variety of psychiatric settings in Finland. Firstly, the development process of IT-based PE for patients with schizophrenia spectrum psychosis was described. Secondly, nurses’ adoption of IT-based PE and the variables explaining adoption were demonstrated. Moreover, use of daily IT-based PE in clinical practice and factors associated with use were identified and described. And thirdly, nurses’ experiences of the IT-based PE after one year clinical use were evaluated. IT-based PE program was developed in several stages based on users’ needs and it included information and multimedia applications. Altogether, almost 500 IT-based PE sessions were carried out by the nurses on the study wards and revealed nurses’ activity in educating patients using IT to vary and depend on the hospital in which they worked. Almost 80% of all the possible IT-based PE sessions involved 93 patients and 83 nurses. Less than 2% of the IT-based PE sessions were interrupted and less than 10% suffered disturbances due to the patients or external causes. Moreover, the patients whose education took more days had poorer mental status than those whose education was carried out over a shorter period. After a year’s experience, advantages and disadvantages were described by the nurses for both patients and nurses of the IT-based PE. IT-based PE can be used even on closed acute psychiatric wards with patients with serious mental health disorders. However, technology adoption requires time, and therefore, it must fit in with clinical practice. Collaboration between users and developers is needed when developing user-centered methods in the area of mental health services. Moreover, it is important to understand factors that affect IT adoption in healthcare settings. IT-based PE is one option in interactive and co-operative health care practice between patients and nurses. Therefore the staff should begin to refer patients to established, credible and well-maintained Internet sites that provide information on common psychological problems. Even if every nurse should be trained and engaged to carry out IT-based PE, by targeting the training especially for the most active nurses aids them to support the less active ones. Adoption should also be understood from a perspective that includes aspects related to the context where it is implemented and examine how and in what circumstances it works.Siirretty Doriast

Sosiaalisen PR:n palvelutuotteistus Case: Yritys X

Tämän opinnäytetyön tavoitteena oli tuottaa sosiaalisen PR:n palvelutuotteet. Työssä on kuvattu tuotteistusprosessin eteneminen ideasta valmiiksi palveluksi. Opinnäytetyön toimeksiantajana toimi digitaalisen markkinoinnin toimisto Yritys X. Työ oli opinnäytetyön toimeksiantajayritykselle tarvelähtöinen, sillä yritys tarjosi jo sosiaalista PR:ää vastaavia palveluja, mutta heillä ei ollut selkeitä palvelupaketteja, joita he voisivat asiakkailleen tarjota. Palvelupaketit helpottavat myös konsernin, johon Yritys X kuuluu, yritysten keskinäistä myyntiä eli ristiinmyyntiä. Työn tavoitteeksi muodostui palvelukuvauksen luominen sekä palvelupakettien kehittäminen. Työn tavoitteena oli löytää myös perusteita sosiaalisen PR:n vaikuttavuudelle ja sen vaikutuksesta asiakkaan ostopolkuun. Opinnäytetyö toteutettiin toiminnallisena kehittämisprojektina. Opinnäytetyön viitekehyksessä on selitetty mitä sosiaalinen PR ja mitä ovat sosiaalinen media, blogit, vlogit ja vaikuttajamarkkinointi, joka on tärkeässä osassa Yritys X:n sosiaalisen PR:n tuotteistuksessa. Opinnäytetyössä on myös pohdittu sosiaalisen PR:n mahdollisuuksia asiakkaan ostopolun kautta, jolla hahmotetaan kuinka sosiaalista PR:ää voi hyödyntää osana muuta markkinointia, sekä esitellään tuotteistusprosessin teoriaa. Opinnäytetyön tietoperustana on käytetty painettuja teoksia sekä sähköisiä teoksia että artikkeleita. Työssä on hyödynnetty myös aiheeseen liittyviä tutkimuksia, sosiaalisesta mediasta sekä blogeista ja vlogeista löydettyjä esimerkkejä toimivasta tai epäonnistuneesta markkinoinnista. Opinnäytetyön lopputuloksena kehittyi kolme palvelupakettia sekä sosiaalisen median vaikuttajapalveluita tarjoavien tahojen sekä sosiaalisen median vaikuttajien verkostojen benchmarking, jonka on tarkoitus helpottaa kampanjoiden suunnittelutyötä. Palvelupaketit mahdollistavat ristiinmyymisen konsernin yksiköiden välillä ja auttavat asiakkaita hahmottamaan millainen palvelu on kyseessä. Toimeksiantaja oli mukana tuotteistusprosessissa, joten lopputulos oli yrityksen tarpeita ja resursseja hyvin palveleva. Sosiaalisen PR:n palveluja ei ole vielä juurikaan tarjolla Suomessa, joten Yritys X sai hyvän aseman kilpailijoihinsa nähden vaikuttajamarkkinoinnin asiantuntijana.The aim of this thesis was to produce service products of social PR. This work includes de-tailed process of creating products from idea to a finished service. The thesis was commissioned by a digital marketing agency Company X which had a need for simple service products of social PR that they could offer for their clients. They already had the service but not clear concept for it. A clear concept for the service was also needed to make cross-selling easier within the concern that Company X is part of. The purpose of the thesis was to create a description of what the service includes and creating services for different budgets. It was aimed to find proof that social PR is an efficient way of marketing and it has an effect on customer journey. This thesis was carried out as a functional development project. The framework of this thesis contains an explanation of what social PR is and what social media, blogs, vlogs and influencer marketing are. Especially influencer marketing is an important part of the social PR product. The thesis also contains theory of how social PR can be used on customer journey and service productization process theory is introduced. The sources for this thesis mainly comprised of literature and Internet sources. Studies of the subject and examples from social media, blogs and vlogs have also been used on the thesis. Three different service packages were created as the result of the productization process. Also benchmarking of companies that offer social media influencer marketing services and influencer networks was created. The benchmarking is planned to ease the planning process of campaigns. Service packages make cross-selling possible within the concern and they help customers to understand what kind of service they are offered. The commissioner of this thesis also participated in the process so the results fit the needs and resources of the Company X well. There are not that many social PR services in Finland yet so Company X is in a good position compared to their rivals as an influencer marketing expert

”ETTÄ KAIKKI PÄÄSIS TAVALLAA NIINKU LOISTAMAAN LAPSETKII” Lasten osallisuus varhaiskasvatuksessa varhaiskasvatuksen opettajien kokemana

TIIVISTELMÄ Minna Anttila ”ETTÄ KAIKKI PÄÄSIS TAVALLAA NIINKU LOISTAMAAN LAPSETKII” Lasten osallisuus varhaiskasvatuksessa varhaiskasvatuksen opettajien kokemana Sivut 39 ja liitteet 1 Marraskuu 2019 Diakonia-ammattikorkeakoulu Sosiaalialan koulutusohjelma Sosionomi (amk) + varhaiskasvatuksen opettajan virkakelpoisuus Opinnäytetyön aiheena oli lasten osallisuus varhaiskasvatuksessa varhaiskasvatuksen opettajien kokemana. Työn tavoitteena oli selvittää, miten varhaiskasvatuksen opettajat määrittelevät osallisuuden käsitteen, mitä heidän mielestään osallisuus tarkoittaa lasten näkökulmasta katsottuna, miten osallisuus vaikuttaa varhaiskasvatuksen toteuttamiseen arjen työssä ja mitä keinoja varhaiskasvatuksen opettajat kokevat itsellään olevan lasten osallisuuden tukemiseksi ja lisäämiseksi. Opinnäytetyössä selvitettiin myös, miten varhaiskasvatuksen opettajat arvioivat osallisuuden toteutumista omassa työssään. Opinnäytetyössä käytettiin tutkimusmenetelmänä laadullista tutkimusta. Tutkimustulokset saatiin varhaiskasvatuksen opettajien teemahaastatteluista. Tutkimuksessa haastateltiin viittä varhaiskasvatuksen opettajaa. Haastateltavat työskentelivät kaikki Merikarvialla. He työskentelivät eri ryhmissä. Opinnäytetyössä perehdyttiin osallisuutta käsittelevään kirjallisuuteen ja internet-aineistoihin sekä myös Varhaiskasvatussuunnitelman perusteisiin 2016 ja Varhaiskasvatuslakiin 540/2018. Tutkimustuloksista voidaan päätellä, että varhaiskasvatuksen opettajat määrittelevät ja käsittävät osallisuuden käsitteen jokainen hieman omalla tavallaan. Heillä oli kaikilla myös käytössä omat keinonsa ja menetelmänsä osallisuuden toteuttamiseksi ja toteutumisen arvioimiseksi. Jokaisen varhaiskasvatuksen opettajan oma persoona näytti vaikuttavan siihen, miten hän omassa työssään huomio ja tukee osallisuuden toteutumista. Kaikki haastateltavat mainitsivat lasten haastattelun ja havainnoinnin olevan tärkeä tapa saada tietoa siitä, kokevatko lapset osallisuuden kohdallaan toteutuvan. Lasten osallisuus on noussut yhä enemmän esille uuden Varhaiskasvatussuunnitelman perusteiden 2016 myötä. Myös Varhaiskasvatuslaki 540/2018 edellyttää tämän asian huomioimista varhaiskasvatusta suunniteltaessa ja toteutettaessa. Haastatteluissa tuli ilmi, että varhaiskasvatuksen opettajat olivat jo aikaisemminkin toimineet lapsia osallistavalla tavalla, mutta uudet ohjeistukset ja lait ovat asettaneet tarkempia tavoitteita toiminnan suunnitteluun ja toteuttamiseen. Jokainen haastateltavista koki lasten osallisuuden toteutumisen tärkeäksi ja osaksi päivittäistä toimintaa Asiasanat: osallisuus, varhaiskasvatus, toteutus, tukeminenABSTRACT Minna Anttila “SO THAT EVERY CHILD COULD HAVE A CHANCE TO SHINE” Children´s participation in early childhood education defined by early childhood education teachers 39 p., 1 appendix Nowember 2019 Diaconia University of Applied Sciences Bachelor’s Degree Programme in Social Services Option in Early Education Bachelor of Social Services The thesis focused on the experiences of early childhood education teachers regarding children’s participation in early childhood education. The aim was to find out how early childhood education teachers define the concept of participation, what they believe participation means from the point of view of children, how participation affects everyday early childhood education practices, and what resources early childhood education teachers consider themselves to possess that help support and promote children’s participation. The aim was also to find out how early childhood education teachers evaluate the realisation of participation in their work. The thesis is based on qualitative research. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews with five early childhood education teachers working in different groups at the Norkool daycare centre in Merikarvia, Finland. In the thesis, literature and online material related to the topic of participation was examined. The national plan for early childhood education of 2016 and the Act on Early Childhood Education and Care (540/2018) was also examined. On the basis of the results, it may be concluded that each of the early childhood education teachers defines and understands the concept of participation in a slightly different way. They all had their own means and methods to promote children’s participation and to evaluate its realisation in practice. The personality of the early childhood education teachers seemed to influence the way they address and support participation in their work. All interviewees mentioned that interviewing and observing children is an important way to find out how the children experience their involvement. Children’s participation has become an increasingly important topic since the introduction of the new national plan for early childhood education of 2016. The Act on Early Childhood Education and Care (540/2018) also requires children’s participation to be taken into account in the planning and implementation of early childhood education and care. The interviews revealed that the early childhood education teachers already used participatory methods in their work, but new guidelines and laws have set more specific goals for the planning and implementation of activities. Each interviewee emphasised the importance of implementing participatory practices and considered it to be part of their daily activities. Keywords: participation, early childhood education, implementation, suppor

Social relationships among adolescents as described in an electronic diary : a mixed methods study

Social relationships among adolescents with mental disorders are demanding. Adolescents with depressive symptoms may have few relationships and have difficulties sharing their problems. Internet may offer reliable and easy to use tool to collect real-time information from adolescents. The aim of this study is to explore how adolescents describe their social relationships with an electronic diary. Mixed methods were used to obtain a broad picture of adolescents' social relationships with the data gathered from network maps and reflective texts written in an electronic diary. Adolescents who visited an outpatient clinic and used an intervention (N=70) designed for adolescents with signs of depression were invited to use the electronic diary; 29 did so. The quantitative data gathered in the electronic diary were summarized with descriptive statistics, and the qualitative data were categorized using a thematic analysis with an inductive approach. We found that social relationships among adolescents with signs of depression can vary greatly in regards to the number of existing relationships (from lacking to 21) and the quality of the relationships (from trustful to difficult). However, the relationships may change, and the adolescents are also willing to build up their social relationships. Professionals need to be aware of the diversity of adolescents' social relationships and their need for personalized support.Peer reviewe

The Role of the Latvian Planning Regions in National Regional Development Policy Implementation and European Union Structural Funds Management

Only abstract. Paper copies of master’s theses are listed in the Helka database (http://www.helsinki.fi/helka). Electronic copies of master’s theses are either available as open access or only on thesis terminals in the Helsinki University Library.Vain tiivistelmä. Sidottujen gradujen saatavuuden voit tarkistaa Helka-tietokannasta (http://www.helsinki.fi/helka). Digitaaliset gradut voivat olla luettavissa avoimesti verkossa tai rajoitetusti kirjaston opinnäytekioskeilla.Endast sammandrag. Inbundna avhandlingar kan sökas i Helka-databasen (http://www.helsinki.fi/helka). Elektroniska kopior av avhandlingar finns antingen öppet på nätet eller endast tillgängliga i bibliotekets avhandlingsterminaler.Tutkimuksen aiheena on Latvian suunnittelualueiden rooli kansallisen aluekehityspolitiikan toimeenpanossa. Analyysissä tarkastellaan myös Euroopan union rakennerahastojen hallinnointia, sillä rakennerahastot täydentävät merkittävästi unionin jäsenmaiden kansallista aluepolitiikkaa. Rakennerahastot ovat Euroopan unionin huomattavin aluepolitiikan toteuttamisväline. Hallinnon hajautus on ollut huomattavassa asemassa transitiomaiden hallinnon uudistuksessa. Hallinnon hajautus koskee myös aluepolitiikan hallinnollisia järjestelyjä. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on selvittää kuinka aluekehityshallinnon hajauttamisaste vaikuttaa aluekehityspolitiikan toimeenpanoon ja rakennerahastojen hallinnointiin. Guy Hollisin ja Karin Plokkerin Towards democratic decentralisation. Transforming regional and local government in the new Europe –teoksessa (1995) esittämään analyysimalliin perustuen tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan Latvian aluekehityshallinnon hajauttamisastetta. Analyysimalli erittelee kolme hajauttamisen astetta hallinnon rakenteen, tehtävänjaon, rahoitusjärjestelyiden sekä viranomaisten välisten suhteiden perusteella. Hallinnon hajauttamisen kolme astetta ovat dekonsentraatio, delegaation ja devoluutio. Aluekehitys politiikan toimeenpanon ja rakennerahastojen hallinnoinnin tarkastelu perustuu Latvian aluekehityslakiin (2002) kirjattuhin periaatteisiin. Latvian aluekehityslaissa ilmaistuja aluepolitiikan periaatteita verrataan Euroopan unionin asiakirjoihin kirjattuihin vastaaviin periaatteisiin. Tutkimuksessa analysoidaan ohjelmallisuus-, toissijaisuus-, täydentävyys-, kumppanuus ja läpinäkyvyysperiaatteiden toteutumista Latvia aluekehityspolitiikan toimeenpanossa sekä rakennerahastojen hallinnoinnissa. Analyysi osoittaa, että aluekehityspolitiikan ja rakennerahastojen hallinnointi on Latviassa pitkälti keskittynyt kansalliselle tasolle. Rakennerahastojen osalta sekä tehtävät että rahoitusjärjestelyt ovat kansallisen tason hallinnassa. Aluekehityslain myötä aluekehitystehtäviä on hajautettu suunnittelualueille, mutta keskushallinnon hallitseva asema rahoitusjärjestelyissä estää alueellistettujen tehtävien toteuttamista. Tutkimuksessa ehdotetaan alukehityspolitiikan toimeenpanon ja rakennerahastojen hallinnoinnin laajempaa hajauttamista. Analyysin mukaan suunnittelualueiden aseman määritteleminen aluekehitysohjelmien suunnittelussa selkeyttäisi alueellisten toimijoiden toimialaa. Tutkimus perustuu perustuu tapaustutkimus- ja arviointimenetelmiin. Empiirinen tutkimusaineisto koostuu yhdestätoista puolistrukturoidusta teemahaastattelusta. Haastatellut ovat latvialaisia ja suomalaisia aluepolitiikan asiantuntijoita. Analyysi sisältää myös vertailevia piirteitä, sillä tutkimuksessa vertaillaan osittain Latvian ja Suomen aluehallintojärjestelmiä.Topic of the research is the role of the Latvian Planning Regions in implementation of national regional development policy in Latvia. Analysis of the European Union structural funds management is included in the study as the structural funds are a significant addition for the EU member states' regional policy. Structural funds are the main instrument for realising the EU regional policy. Decentralisation of administration has been a significant topic of the government reform in transition countries. Decentralisation also influences the system of regional development administration. Aim of the study is to find out weather the degree of regional development administration in Latvia affects regional development policy implementation and structural funds management. Based on an analytic model of Guy Hollis and Karin Plokker in Towards democratic decentralisation. Transforming regional and local government in the new Europe (1995), the degree of decentralisation of Latvian regional development administration is analysed. The model specifies three degrees of decentralisation based on the structure, functions, finance, and internal management. The three degrees of decentralisation are the deconcentration, delegation and devolution. Implementation of regional development policy and structural funds is based on the guiding principles presented in Latvian Regional Development Law (2002). The principles are compared to the respective ideas presented in the EU documents. The principles of programming, subsidiarity, additionality, partnership, and transparency are analysed in the implementation of the regional development policy and structural funds management. The study indicates that the regional development policy implementation and the structural funds management in Latvia remain largely centralised. Structural fund functions and finance is controlled by the central government. Along with the Regional Development Law, some regional development functions have been transferred to regions, but the dominating role of the central government in allocation of finances hinder the realisation of the functions decentralised to the regions. The research proposes further decentralisation of the regional development and structural funds implementation. The study suggests that the definition of the Planning Regions' position in regional development planning process would clarify the role of the regional authorities. The research is based on case study and evaluation methods. Empirical research material consists of eleven interviews half-structured and open-ended interviews of the Latvian and Finnish regional development experts. Analysis includes comparative traits as at some points of the study comparison between the Latvian and the Finnish regional government systems is conducted

Towards Ethical and Sustainable Technology-Supported Ageing at Home in Finland - KATI Programme

Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2021 for this paper by its authors.The population of Finland is ageing with greater demand for health and social care; homecare workers are over-burdened with keeping up with this change whilst ageing themselves. Technology is seen as one of the most promising solutions to tackling these challenges. In the national KATI programme, six regional projects will implement technology solutions and adopt new technology-based practices in a coordinated manner to support the ageing of older people at home as well as the homecare professionals and services. In this article, we give an overview of the variety of technology solutions being implemented and the first ethical questions that have been raised by the projects in the early phase. Thereafter, we highlight three different theoretical approaches that support the ethical and sustainable technology implementation advanced by the programme. The approaches 1) emphasize the holistic perspective on the health of the older person and the method of discourse ethics to seek for consensus about the technology solutions, 2) learn from safety research and the change theory for better ethical design of AI systems, and 3) analyse the technology implementations and the programme from a systemic perspective within the framework of socio-technological transition.Peer reviewe

A web-based adolescent depression support system: feedback and implications for the future

The aim is to describe feedback from the adolescents on their use of a web-based depression support system. Web-based support systems can serve as an alternative to conventional treatment or to complement the current services. Mixed methods were used to approach the topic from multiple perspectives. Feedback was collected from adolescents with symptoms of depression or anxiety. Adolescents (n = 46) responded to a questionnaire after participating on the support system, and 24 adolescents did not provide feedback. The data were analyzed with quantitative descriptive statistics and qualitative thematic analysis. Out of 45 adolescents, 93% agreed that the web-based support system was targeted at them, and 89% felt it was reliable and safe. It was perceived as a good channel for reflecting thoughts. However, some adolescents felt it was difficult to use or that using it did not help them. Ideas for development were also offered. Depis.Net provided the adolescents with a reliable way to ease their condition at home. Using feedback from the adolescents on the support system makes it possible to identify those who are able to use this kind of system in daily practice.</p

Validation of the Finnish Health Improvement Profile (HIP) with patients with severe mental illness

Background Physical health among people with severe mental illness (SMI) is a global concern. However, many people with SMI do not receive regular comprehensive health checks. There is currently no validated physical health check instrument systematically used in Finnish mental health services. Therefore, this study aims to validate and establish the potential clinical utility of the translated Health Improvement Profile (HIP) tool for Finnish patients with SMI and compare differences in physical health risk items across genders. Methods The content validity of the two-way translated Finnish HIP (HIP-F) was evaluated by five nurses and four patients with SMI using cognitive debriefing (to assess the clarity and relevance of each item and the recommended actions of the HIP tool). The potential clinical utility was assessed using a pilot test involving 47 patients. The prevalence of red-flagged (risk) items in the whole sample, across female and male participants, and the frequencies of any type of missing item response were calculated and analysed using descriptive statistics. A chi-square test was used to determine differences in frequencies of red-flagged items across genders. Results Based on the cognitive debriefing, the HIP-F was found to have moderate content validity regarding the clarity and relevance of the items and recommended actions (the average scale level content validity index, S-CVI/Ave, 0.74). In the pilot test, some missing item responses were identified, but in the sample, nurses identified 399 areas of health and health behaviour risks (mean 8.6 per patient) using the HIP-F. The most frequently red-flagged items were body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (83.0%), smoking status (48.9%) and lipid levels (46.8%). Female patients had a higher frequency of red-flagged items than males in BMI (92.6% vs. 70.0%, p = 0.04) and waist circumference (96.3% vs. 65.0%, p = 0.01). Conclusions The results demonstrate that the Finnish HIP has moderate content validity and preliminary clinical utility for evaluating the physical health and health behaviours of people with SMI. The HIP-F findings help to sign-post evidence-based interventions for identified areas of concern. Additional nurse training may be necessary to realise the potential clinical utility of the tool in Finland.Peer reviewe

Web messaging among young people in online services : A descriptive mixed-methods study

Objective To describe web messaging patterns and the content of web messages among young people in a Finnish national online service. Methods A descriptive mixed-method was used. The data consisted of text-based web messaging communication between young people and a counsellor in a nationwide online service between 1 January and 31 December 2018. Web messaging patterns were analysed using descriptive statistics. The content of the messages was analysed with thematic analysis and qualitative results were presented. In addition, the factors associated with messaging patterns and content were analysed. Results A total of 1941 messages were sent by 1354 young people. Most of them were between 12 and 17 years old and females. Less than one-fifth of young people had multiple two-way discussions with counsellor. The total period of two-way discussions and the number of words in each message varied widely. The number of words was lower in messages sent by males. The content of the messages was divided into three main themes: interpersonal relationships and environment (Social relationships), oneself (Construction of self), and health-related problems and support received from professionals (Health and wellbeing). The young people's messages mostly contained topics related to the main theme of 'Social environment'. Conclusion Most young people sent one message only. Messages ranged from simple, single messages to complex texts describing the daily life of young people. Girls were more active in messaging, and they wrote longer texts.Peer reviewe