ФАО - специализированное учреждение ООН

The article represents an attempt to analyze the organizational and legal structure of the FAO in order to familiarize with the scale of FAO's activities and to adequately depicture FAO's importance in securing food safety, which is one of the important elements of the international security system.В статье предпринимается попытка проанализировать организационно-правовую структуру ФАО для ознакомления с масштабом ее деятельности и для адекватного представления ее важности в деле обеспечения продовольственной безопасности, являющейся одним из важных элементов системы международной безопасности

Transition Metal Trichalcogenides as Novel Layered Nano Species

In search for new materials for nanoelectronics, many efforts have been put into development of chem-istry and physics of graphene, and, more recently, of other inorganic layered compounds having a bandgap (h-BN, MoS2 etc.). Here we introduce a new view on the family of transition metal trichalcogenides MQ3 (M=Ti, Zr, Nb, Ta; Q=S, Se), which were earlier considered as quasi-one-dimensional systems, and demon-strate that they also may be regarded as layered species suitable for exfoliation by a chemical method. Stable, concentrated colloidal dispersions of high-quality crystalline NbS3 and NbSe3 nanoribbons down to mono- and few-layer-thick are prepared by ultrasonic treatment of the bulk compound in several common organic solvents (DMF, NMP, CH3CN, iPrOH, H2O/EtOH). The dispersions and thin films prepared from them by vacuum filtration or spraying are characterized by a set of physical-chemical methods. Current-voltage characteristics of the NbS3 films show that charge carrier mobility is as high as 1200 – 2400 cm2V-1s-1, exceeding that of MoS2 and making NbQ3 promising potential candidates for field-effect transistors. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3522

RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES USING PLASMA MODIFICATION FOR TECHNICAL FABRICS

The article discusses the possibility of using plasma modification to get anti adhesive properties of the technical fabrics.181-18

Hydrogen gettering in annealed oxygen-implanted silicon

Hydrogen gettering by buried layers formed in oxygen-implanted silicon (Si:O prepared by O²⁺ implantation at the energy 200 keV and doses 10¹⁴ and 10¹⁷ cm⁻²) was investigated after annealing of Si:O at temperatures up to 1570 K, including also processing under enhanced hydrostatic pressure, up to 1.2 GPa. Depending on processing conditions, buried layers containing SiO₂₋x clusters and/or precipitates were formed. To produce hydrogen-rich Si:O,H structures, Si:O samples were subsequently treated in RF hydrogen plasma. As determined using secondary ion mass spectrometry, hydrogen was accumulated in sub-surface region as well as within implantation-disturbed areas. It has been found that hydrogen was still present in Si:O,H structures formed by oxygen implantation with the dose D = 10⁷ cm⁻² even after post-implantation annealing up to 873 K. It is concluded that hydrogen accumulation within the disturbed areas in Si:O as well as in SOI structures can be used for recognition of defects

Технологии комплексного интеллектуального анализа клинических данных

The paper presents the system for intelligent analysis of clinical information. Authors describe methods implemented in the system for clinical information retrieval, intelligent diagnostics of chronic diseases, patient’s features importance and for detection of hidden dependencies between features. Results of the experimental evaluation of these methods are also presented.Background: Healthcare facilities generate a large flow of both structured and unstructured data which contain important information about patients. Test results are usually retained as structured data but some data is retained in the form of natural language texts (medical history, the results of physical examination, and the results of other examinations, such as ultrasound, ECG or X-ray studies). Many tasks arising in clinical practice can be automated applying methods for intelligent analysis of accumulated structured array and unstructured data that leads to improvement of the healthcare quality.Aims: the creation of the complex system for intelligent data analysis in the multi-disciplinary pediatric center.Materials and methods: Authors propose methods for information extraction from clinical texts in Russian. The methods are carried out on the basis of deep linguistic analysis. They retrieve terms of diseases, symptoms, areas of the body and drugs. The methods can recognize additional attributes such as «negation» (indicates that the disease is absent), «no patient» (indicates that the disease refers to the patient’s family member, but not to the patient), «severity of illness», «disease course», «body region to which the disease refers». Authors use a set of hand-drawn templates and various techniques based on machine learning to retrieve information using a medical thesaurus. The extracted information is used to solve the problem of automatic diagnosis of chronic diseases. A machine learning method for classification of patients with similar nosology and the method for determining the most informative patients’ features are also proposed.Results: Authors have processed anonymized health records from the pediatric center to estimate the proposed methods. The results show the applicability of the information extracted from the texts for solving practical problems. The records of patients with allergic, glomerular and rheumatic diseases were used for experimental assessment of the method of automatic diagnostic. Authors have also determined the most appropriate machine learning methods for classification of patients for each group of diseases, as well as the most informative disease signs. It has been found that using additional information extracted from clinical texts, together with structured data helps to improve the quality of diagnosis of chronic diseases. Authors have also obtained pattern combinations of signs of diseases.Conclusions: The proposed methods have been implemented in the intelligent data processing system for a multidisciplinary pediatric center. The experimental results show the availability of the system to improve the quality of pediatric healthcare. Обоснование. Медицинские учреждения генерируют большой поток как структурированных, так и неструктурированных данных, содержащих важную информацию о пациентах. В структурированном виде, как правило, хранятся результаты анализов, однако подавляющее количество данных хранится в неструктурированной форме в виде текстов на естественном языке (анамнезы, результаты осмотров, описания результатов обследований, таких как УЗИ, ЭКГ, рентгеновских исследований и др.). Используя методы интеллектуальной обработки накопленных массивов структурированных и неструктурированных данных, можно автоматизировать решение многих задач, возникающих в клинической практике и повысить качество медицинской помощи.Цель исследования: создание комплексной системы интеллектуальной обработки данных в многопрофильном педиатрическом центре.Методы. Извлечение информации из клинических текстов на русском языке осуществляется на основе полного лингвистического анализа. Извлекаются упоминания заболеваний, симптомов, областей тела, лекарственных препаратов. В тексте также распознаются атрибуты заболеваний: «отрицание» (указывает на то, что заболевание отсутствует), «не пациент» (указывает на то, что заболевание относится не к пациенту, а к его родственнику), «тяжесть заболевания», «течение заболевания», «область тела, к которой относится заболевание». Для извлечения информации используются медицинские тезаурусы, набор вручную составленных шаблонов, а также различные методы на основе машинного обучения. Полученные из текстов данные используются для решения задачи автоматической диагностики хронических заболеваний. Предложен метод на основе машинного обучения для классификации пациентов со схожими нозологиями, а также метод для определения наиболее информативных признаков.Результаты. Экспериментальное исследование разработанных методов проводилось на обезличенных историях болезни пациентов педиатрического центра. Проведена оценка качества разработанных методов извлечения информации из клинических текстов на русском языке. Проведена экспериментальная оценка метода автоматической диагностики на данных пациентов с аллергическими заболеваниями и болезными органов дыхания, нефрологическими и ревматическими заболеваниями. Определены наиболее подходящие методы машинного обучения для классификации пациентов для каждой группы заболеваний, а также наиболее информативные признаки. Использование данных, извлеченных из клинических текстов совместно со структурированными данными, позволило повысить качество диагностики хронических заболеваний по сравнению с использованием лишь доступных структурированных данных. Получены также шаблонные комбинации признаков заболеваний.Заключение. Разработанные методы были реализованы в системе интеллектуальной обработки данных в многопрофильном педиатрическом центре. Проведенные исследования свидетельствуют о перспективности использования системы для повышения качества медицинской помощи пациентам детской возрастной категории

Structure perfection variations of Si crystals grown by Czochralski or floating zone methods after implantation of oxygen or neon atoms followed by annealing

Structure perfection of the silicon crystals grown by the Czochralski and floating zone methods after implantation with oxygen or neon fast iones followed by annealing at the temperatures T ~ 1050-1150 ⁰0C, when large SiOx precipitates were formed, was studied by means of various X-ray diffraction methods. Considerable increments of integral reflectivities for different Bragg reflections of such samples in comparison with those calculated for a perfect crystal were detected. Broadening of the spatial intensity distribution curves for the Bragg-diffracted beams taken by a single crystal spectrometer as well as the maps of the diffuse isointensity distribution near a reciprocal lattice point, registered by the Philips high-resolution diffractometer, are shown. All of these diffraction effects related to creation of the SiOx precipitates formed on structural damages caused by implantation of oxygen or neon ions and subsequent annealing. Contrary to FZSi, where the appearence of SiOx precipitates was discovered due to intensive diffuse scattering near the layer contained the implanted oxygen ions only, in the case of CZSi samples with larger concentration of oxygen (up to 1*10¹⁸ at/cm³) such defects were formed not only near the burried layer, created by ions of oxygen or neon (with energy E = 4 MeV, dose 10¹⁴cm⁻²) but in a bulk of a crystal. Annealing of the FZSi crystals implanted by oxygen (E ~ 200 keV, dose ~ 10¹⁶-10¹⁷ cm⁻²) at enhanced hydrostatic pressure, additionally stimulated SiOx precipitation close to the implanted layer

Determination of critical length of service in development of the professionally conditioned diseases in the conditions of chemical and pharmaceutical production

В данной статье предлагается метод определения критического стажа в развитии профессионально обусловленных аллергодерматозов, развивающихся в условиях вредного производства. Предложен алгоритм оценки возможности снижения риска развития профессионально обусловленных заболеваний. Описана реализация метода и алгоритма в экспертной системе на основе нечеткой логики. Предложенный подход даст возможность повысить эффективность проведения профилактических осмотров, а также может быть использован при заключении медицинского страхового полиса на предприятии.У даній статті пропонується метод визначення критичного стажу в розвитку професійно обумовлених алергодерматозів, які розвиваються в умовах шкідливого виробництва. Запропонований алгоритм оцінки можливості зниження ризику розвитку професійно обумовлених захворювань. Описана реалізація методу і алгоритму в експертній системі на основі нечіткої логіки. Запропонований підхід дасть можливість підвищити ефективність проведення профілактичних оглядів, а також може бути використаний при укладенні медичного страхового полісу на підприємстві.This paper proposes a method of determination of critical length of service in development of professionally conditioned allergical dermatosis developing in the conditions of harmful production. The algorithm of possibility estimation of risk reduction of development of the professionally conditioned diseases is offered. Realization of method and algorithm in an expert system based on fuzzy logic is described. Proposed approach will give an opportunity to increase efficiency of on-the-spot prophylactic examinations. Also it can be used for the conclusion of medical insurance policy on an enterprise

RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES USING PLASMA MODIFICATION FOR TECHNICAL FABRICS

181-181The article discusses the possibility of using plasma modification to get anti adhesive properties of the technical fabrics

The impacts of permanent irradiation on the terrestrial ecosystems of the Eastern-Ural Radioactive Trace

The complex radioecological investigations of the East-Ural Radioactive Trace were conducted. Three transects were established in EURT area: central, eastern and western. The current levels of soil contamination near the epicenter of the accident reach 30 × 103 kBq/m2 for 90Sr and 1 × 103 kBq/m2 for 137Cs. Contamination levels are reduced in accordance with a power function with increasing distance from the accident site and at a distance of more than 100 km become close to background values. In the EURT impact area vegetation is a complex of synanthropic and semi-natural plant communities in various stages of degradation and restoration successions. The current state of phytocenosises on the sites of the demolished local villages is largely determined by the degree of human impact in the pre-accident period, and remediation activities. For most species the viability of their seed progeny, formed in a gradient of radioactive contamination, are either not different from background samples or reduced half a century after the accident. Mutability of seed progeny in impact coenopopulations in all studied species was high. Radioadaptation phenomenon, i.e. increased resistance to provocative irradiation is rare and unstable