Oportunidades de melhoria do processo de desenvolvimento de produtos em uma indústria do setor automotivo baseado em metodologia APQP (Planejamento Avançado da Qualidade do Produto)

TCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Campus Joinville. Engenharia Automotiva.Com a decadência do modelo fordista na indústria automotiva, foi observada uma constante segmentação do setor. A visão inicial de Henry Ford de dominar a cadeia produtiva em sua totalidade, logo foi dando lugar para uma visão mais estratificada do negócio, gerando mais lucros e levando o foco das montadoras para onde suas competências devem estar somadas - ou seja - o projeto do veículo e a montagem do produto final. Com essa estratificação, foram criadas ou desmembradas das montadoras várias empresas fornecedoras, as quais são denominadas de “sistemistas” e que têm como objetivo fornecer sistemas (ou módulos) para a montagem final do veículo. A fragmentação e descentralização do setor automotivo geraram necessidades novas para a plena comunicação, garantia da qualidade, requisitos de desempenho e prazos entre o fornecedor e a montadora. Diante dessa necessidade, um grupo de montadoras formulou uma metodologia para integrar ao processo de desenvolvimento de produto seus fornecedores. Esta metodologia é denominada de APQP (Planejamento Avançado da Qualidade do Produto) e consiste de um manual de boas práticas visando a satisfação do cliente final baseado nas premissas dos elaboradores. O objetivo deste trabalho foi a apresentação de oportunidades de melhoria do processo de desenvolvimento de produtos da empresa do setor automotivo, ZEN S.A., visando uma melhor execução do referido processo. Para isto, inicialmente, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica da metodologia APQP, de métodos clássicos de processo de desenvolvimento de produto e da especificação técnica ABNT ISO/TS 16949:2010, exigida para fornecimento a diversas montadoras. Após a revisão dos conceitos chave, foi analisado o processo de projeto da empresa do setor automotivo ZEN S.A. e, por meio de uma pesquisa de campo, foram identificadas as dificuldades de execução do processo de desenvolvimento de produto. Ao final foram propostas diretrizes para uma reformulação de pontos no atual processo de desenvolvimento de produto da empresa, dividindo as oportunidades de melhorias em três grandes áreas, no processo de projeto, na gestão do processo e nas ferramentas de processo de projeto.With the decline of the Fordist model in the automotive industry, a constant industry segmentation was observed. The initial vision of Henry Ford to dominate the supply chain in its entirety, was soon giving way to a more stratified view of the business, generating more profits and taking the focus of automakers to their main objective - that is - the vehicle project and assembly of the final product. With this stratification, were created or dismembered from automakers various suppliers, which are called "systemists" and are intended to provide systems (or modules) for final assembly of the vehicle. A module is typically a pre-assembled component, that when added to the other modules, conceive the overall operation of the vehicle. The fragmentation and decentralization of the automotive sector generated new needs for the full communication, quality assurance, performance and timing requirements between the supplier and the client. Given this need, a group of automakers formulated a methodology to be integrated in the product development process of its suppliers. This methodology is known as APQP (Advanced Product Quality Planning) and consists of a manual of good practices aimed at satisfying the end customer, based on assumptions of developers. The objective of this study was to present opportunities to improve the process of developing products in an automotive company, ZEN S.A. For this, initially, there was a literature review of the APQP methodology, of classical methods of product development process, and the ABNT ISO/TS 16949:2010 technical specification, required to supply various automakers. After reviewing the key concepts and the process of implementation of the APQP manual on the automotive company (ZEN S.A.), the focus was to identify the difficulties encountered during the implementation of the product development process and pointing out opportunities for improvement. In the end of this study, guidelines were proposed for a reformulation of points in the current product development process of ZEN S.A. company, called ZPP (Zen Product Planning)

Osteologia do dermatocrânio e mandíbula de Iguana iguana iguana (Squamata: Iguanidae)

O esqueleto dos animais fornece dados anatômicos que auxiliam no entendimento de suas características evolutivas. Objetivando subsidiar o conhecimento morfológico dos répteis, fornecemos uma descrição do dermatocrânio e mandíbula de Iguana iguana iguana com base na análise de três esqueletos secos de espécimes adultos. O crânio da referia espécie possui características basais entre os lagartos com formato triangular, pequena região pré-orbital e focinho largo. As estruturas ósseas são bem delimitadas com fusão de alguns ossos na parte caudal e no assoalho. Os ossos pós-frontral, supratemporal, jugal e septomaxila então presentes, o quadrado jugal ausente, frontal e parietal são ímpares e o forame pineal está presente no osso frontal. Na mandíbula o esplenial é reduzido e o pré-articular fundido ao articular. A morfologia do crânio de I. iguana iguana exibe particularidades relacionadas a alguns hábitos de vida, por exemplo o herbivorismo. O padrão geral é similar aos demais lagartos, com características típicas dos Iguanidae e outras únicas para a espécie

Tonian Continental Arc Magmatism of the Porongos Complex, Dom Feliciano Belt, Southern Brazil

Este estudo apresenta novas informações sobre deformação, metamorfismo e ambiente tectônico das rochas metavulcânicas da porção sul do Complexo Porongos, sul do Brasil. A análise estrutural permitiu a identificação de três fases de deformação, formadas sob condições dúcteis a semidúcteis. D1 progrediu por meio de partição da deformação, compreendendo dobras fechadas a isoclinais e uma foliação plano axial. Nesse estágio, prevalece o cisalhamento simples, resultando em dobras isoclinais, porfiroclastos do tipo sigma, foliação de transposição e rochas miloníticas. D2 compreende dobras abertas a suaves e uma clivagem plano axial. A formação de bandas de cisalhamento é atribuída à fase semidúctil D3. A assembleia mineral representada por fengita + clorita + clinozoisita-epidoto + actinolita + albita + quartzo associado às temperaturas obtidas por meio do geotermômetro de clorita (316 °C) indicam condições de fácies xisto verde. Os protólitos dessas rochas metavulcânicas são geoquimicamente discriminados como cálcio-alcalinos, dacito a riodacito, com composições peraluminosas. As composições de elementos traços em rocha total mostram enriquecimento em elementos litófilos de grande raio iônico (LILE) e elementos terras raras leves (LREE) e depleção em elementos terras raras pesadas (HREE). Também foram observadas anomalias  negativas de Nb, P, Ti e Ta. Todas essas características geoquímicas são típicas de rochas formadas em arcos magmáticos continentais. A comparação geoquímica com outras rochas ortometamórficas tonianas pré-colisionais do Cinturão Dom Feliciano demonstra fortes semelhanças, o que corrobora a interpretação de ambiente de arco continental para a origem dessas rochas tonianas. This study provides new information on the deformation, metamorphism, and tectonic setting of the metavolcanic rocks of the southern portion of the Porongos Complex, southern Brazil. The structural analysis enabled the identification of three deformational phases, formed under ductile to semi-ductile conditions. D1 progressed through deformation partitioning, comprising closed to isoclinal folds and an axial plane foliation. Then, simple shear prevailed, resulting in isoclinal folds, sigma-type porphyroclasts, foliation transposition, and mylonitic rocks. D2 comprises open to gentle folds and an axial plane cleavage. The formation of shear bands is ascribed to the semi-ductile D3. The mineral assemblage represented by phengite + chlorite + clinozoisite-epidote + actinolite + albite + quartz associated with the temperatures obtained through the chlorite geothermometer (316°C) indicates greenschist facies conditions. The protoliths of these metavolcanic rocks are geochemically discriminated as calc-alkaline, dacite-to-rhyodacite, with peraluminous compositions. The bulk trace element compositions show enrichment in large-ion lithophile elements and light rare-earth elements and depletion in heavy rare-earth elements. Also, negative Nb, P, Ti, and Ta anomalies are observed in the multielement diagram. All these geochemical features are typical of rocks formed in continental magmatic arcs. Geochemical comparison with other pre-collisional Tonian orthometamorphic rocks from the Dom Feliciano Belt demonstrates strong similarities, which corroborates the prior interpretation of a continental arc setting for the origin of these Tonian rocks

Surgeon volume and body mass index influence positive surgical margin risk after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: Results in 732 cases

Objectives: To evaluate clinicopathological and perioperative factors associated with the risk of focal and non-focal positive surgical margins (PSMs) after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP).Patients and methods: The study was retrospective and excluded patients who were under androgen-deprivation therapy or had prior treatments. The population included: negative SM cases (control group), focal and non-focal PSM cases (study groups). PSMs were classified as focal when the linear extent of cancer invasion was <= 1 mm and non-focal when >1 mm. The independent association of factors with the risk of focal and non-focal PSMs was assessed by multinomial logistic regression.Results: In all, 732 patients underwent RARP, from January 2013 to December 2017. An extended pelvic lymph node dissection was performed in 342 cases (46.7%). In all, 192 cases (26.3%) had PSMs, which were focal in 133 (18.2%) and non-focal in 59 (8.1%). Independent factors associated with the risk of focal PSMs were body mass index (odds ratio [OR] 0.914; P = 0.006), percentage of biopsy positive cores (BPC; OR 1.011; P = 0.015), pathological extracapsular extension (pathological tumour stage [pT]3a; OR 2.064; P = 0.016), and seminal vesicle invasion (pT3b; OR 2.150; P = 0.010). High surgeon volume was a protective factor in having focal PSM (OR 0.574; P = 0.006). Independent predictors of non-focal PSMs were BPC (OR 1,013; P = 0,044), pT3a (OR 4,832; P < 0.001), and pT3b (OR 5,153; P = 0.001).Conclusions: In high-volume centres features related to host, tumour and surgeon volume are factors that predict the risk of focal and non-focal PSMs after RARP

Prostate volume index and prostatic chronic inflammation have an effect on tumor load at baseline random biopsies in patients with normal DRE and PSA values less than 10\u2009ng/ml: results of 564 consecutive cases

Background: To assess the association of prostate volume index (PVI), defined as the ratio of the central transition zone volume (CTZV) to the peripheral zone volume (PZV), and prostatic chronic inflammation (PCI) as predictors of prostate cancer (PCA) load in patients presenting with normal digital rectal exam (DRE) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) <= 10 ng/ml at baseline random biopsies. Methods: Parameters evaluated included age, PSA, total prostate volume (TPV), PSA density (PSAD), PVI and PCI. All patients underwent 14 core transperineal randomized biopsies. We considered small and high PCA load patients with no more than three (limited tumor load) and greater than three (extensive tumor load) positive biopsy cores, respectively. The association of factors with the risk of PCA was evaluated by logistic regression analysis, utilizing different multivariate models. Results: 564 Caucasian patients were included. PCA and PCI were detected in 242 (42.9%) and 129 (22.9%) cases, respectively. On multivariate analysis, PVI and PCI were independent predictors of the risk of detecting limited or extensive tumor load. The risk of detecting extensive tumor load at baseline biopsies was increased by PSAD above the median and third quartile as well as PVI <= 1 [odds ratio (OR)=1.971] but decreased by PCI (OR=0.185; 95% CI: 0.088-0.388). Conclusions: Higher PVI and the presence of PCI predicted decreased PCA risk in patients presenting with normal DRE, and a PSA <= 10 ng/ml at baseline random biopsy. In this subset of patients, a PVI <= or >1 is able to differentiate patients with PCA or PCI

PD45-01\u2003ASSOCIATION OF LOCAL ANAESTHETIC WOUNDS INFILTRATION AND ULTRASOUND TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINAL PLANE (US-TAP) BLOCK IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ROBOT-ASSISTED RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY: A DOUBLE-BLIND RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: To determinate bene\ufb01ts of the association of local anaesthetic wounds in\ufb01ltration and US-TAPblock with ropivacaine on postoperative pain, early recovery and hospital stay in patients undergoing robot assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). METHODS: The study is double-blinded randomized controlled trial. Our hypothesis was that the association of wound in\ufb01ltration and US-TAP block with Ropivacaine would decrease immediate postoperative pain and opioids use. Primary outcomes included postoperative pain and opioids demand during the hospital stay. Secondary outcomes were nausea/vomiting rate, stool passing time, use of pro-kinetics, length of hospital stay and 30-days readmission to the hospital for pain or other US-TAP-block related complications RESULTS: A total of 100 patients who underwent RARP were eligible for the analysis; 57 received the US-TAP block with 20 ml of 0.35% Ropivacaine (US-TAP-block group) and 43 did not receive USTAP block (no-US-TAP group). All the patients received the local wound anaesthetic in\ufb01ltration with 20 ml of 0.35% Ropivacaine. USTAP block group showed a decreased mean NRS (2.7vs1.8; p[0.04) and reduced use of opioid (8 vs 2; p[0.01) in the \ufb01rst 24 h. Moreover, we found a shorter mean LOS (4.7 vs 4.2; p[ 0.04) with a reduced use of pro-kinetics during the hospital stay (31 vs 12; p<0.001). No US-TAP-block related complications to were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Association of anaesthetic wound in\ufb01ltration and US-TAP block with Ropivacaine as part of a multimodal analgesic regimen can be safely offered to patients undergoing RARP and ePLND. It improves the immediate post-operative pain control, reducing opioids administration and is associated to a decreased use of pro-kinetics and shorter hospital stay

High surgeon volume and positive surgical margins can predict the risk of biochemical recurrence after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy

Background: The aim of this study was to determine whether any clinical factors are independent predictors of positive surgical margins (PSM), and to assess the association of PSM and biochemical recurrence (BR) after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). Methods: The population included cases with negative surgical margins (control group) and patients with PSM (study group). Tumor grade was evaluated according to the International Society of Urologic Pathology (ISUP) system. A logistic regression model assessed the independent association of factors with the risk of PSM. The risk of BR was assessed by Cox\u2019s multivariate proportional hazards. Results: A total of 732 consecutive patients were evaluated. Extend pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND) was performed in 342 cases (46.7%). Overall, 192 cases (26.3%) had PSM. The risk of PSM was positively associated with the percentage of biopsy positive cores (BPC; odds ratio, OR = 1.012; p = 0.004), extracapsular extension (pT3a; OR=2.702; p < 0.0001), invasion of seminal vesicle (pT3b; OR = 2.889; p < 0.0001), but inversely with body mass index (OR = 0.936; p = 0.021), and high surgeon volume (OR = 0.607; p = 0.006). Independent clinical factors associated with the risk of BR were baseline prostate-specific antigen (PSA; hazard ratio, HR = 1.064; p = 0.004), BPC (HR = 1.015; p = 0.027), ISUP biopsy grade group (BGG) 2/3 (HR = 2.966; p = 0.003), and BGG 4/5 (HR = 3.122; p = 0.022). Pathologic factors associated with the risk of BR were ISUP group 4/5 (HR = 3.257; p = 0.001), pT3b (HR = 2.900; p = 0.003), and PSM (HR = 2.096; p = 0.045). Conclusions: In our cohort, features related to host, tumor, and surgeon volume are associated with the risk of PSM, which is also an independent parameter predicting BR after RARP. The surgical volume of the operating surgeon is an independent factor that decreases the risk of PSM, and, as such, the risk of BR

Histopathological evaluation of coronary thrombi in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

ABSTRACTBackgroundPrimary percutaneous coronary intervention (primary PCI) is the preferred reperfusion method in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Manual aspiration thrombectomy has been increasingly used and enables the analysis of thrombus aspirates.MethodsConsecutive patients undergoing primary PCI were enrolled from December 2009 to June 2011. Clinical, laboratory and angiographic data were prospectively collected and entered in a dedicated database. The decision to perform thromboaspiration was left to the discretion of the operators. One hundred and twelve samples of thrombi were collected, stored in 10% formalin-fixed paraffin, stained with hematoxylin-eosin and analyzed by light microscopy. On histopathological evaluation, the thrombi were classified as recent thrombi or lysed/organized thrombi.ResultsRecent thrombi were identified in 68 patients (61%) and lysed/organized thrombi in 44 patients (39%). Patients with recent thrombi had higher red blood cell infiltration (P=0.03). There were no other statistically significant differences identified for clinical, angiographic, laboratory or clinical outcomes between the two study groups.ConclusionsIn patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI, two-thirds of thrombus aspirates showed histopathological features of recent thrombi. There were no significant associations between these characteristics and clinical, laboratory and angiographic data in this contemporary sample representative of the real world

Anfíbio: Anura: Melanophryniscus moreirae

Apresenta o sapo Melanophryniscus moreirae (Anura: Bufonidae) e destaca a diferença de coloração no dorso e no ventreComponente Curricular::Educação Superior::Ciências Biológicas::Biologia GeralComponente Curricular::Ensino Médio::Biologi