Design for NVH: topology optimization of an engine bracket support

Noise Vibration and Harshness (NVH) issues are proven to be the main drivers for customer dissatisfaction in the latest years. This work relies on the framework of Design For X (DFX), specifically, Design for NVH. Main goal of this work was to perform a Topology Optimization (TO) of an engine bracket based on its vibrational behavior, in order to reduce the vibrations transmitted from the engine to the chassis and, consequently, improving the comfort for passengers. In particular, the target function was defined with the aim of increasing the first natural frequency of the bracket, whereas the bracket mass reduction was considered as a constraint function for the TO process. The vibrational characterization of the bracket was based on Frequency Response Function (FRF) analyses which, conducted via FEM (Finite Element Method), allowed to identify the resonant frequencies of the different bracket configurations built up during the TO. The FEM models included the cylinder head, with the related engine bracket support under optimization; the latter is connected to the bracket on which the simulation load was applied. The TO turned out to be effective in lowering the mass of engine bracket support of nearly 20% and, at the same time, increasing the first natural frequency of nearly 10%, this latter result was sufficient to guarantee an improvement of the comfort for passengers

Modelagem e simulação do efeito de parede na transmissão de calor em um forno rotativo utilizado na produção de gesso beta

Orientador: Elias Basile TambourgiTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia QuimicaResumo: Os fornos rotativos utilizados para obtenção de gesso beta (CaSO4 .O,5H20), a partir da calcinação do minério de gipsita (CaS04 .2H20), apresentam como principais vantagens em relação aos demais tipos a produção de um gesso mais uniforme, melhor rendimento térmico e facilidade de automação. Contudo, estes fornos tiveram origem em adaptações dos fornos de fabricação de cimento Portland, necessitando de uma melhor compreensão dos fenômenos envolvidos no processo de transferência de calor, para a elaboração de modelos de simulação mais robustos para o dimensionamento adequado em processos de produção de gesso. Como contribuição à literatura desenvolveu-se um modelo matemático, para simular o efeito de parede através de variações do perfil de temperatura no interior do revestimento refratário de um forno rotativo. A instalação de termopares em diferentes distâncias radiais numa dada seção transversal do forno permitiu medidas experimentais para ajuste do modelo matemático proposto e posterior cálculo de propriedades termofísicas do refratário e do fluxo de calor entre a parede e o leito de sólidos. Este último parâmetro foi utilizado na simulação dos perfis de temperatura das fases em escoamento através do forno. O modelo matemático proposto descreve com boa precisão as variações de temperatura a partir da superfície do refratário. Ficou evidenciada a grande contribuição do efeito de parede na recuperação de parte do fluxo de calor normal à parede. Cerca de 70 % da parcela de calor armazenado retoma para o leito de sólidos. Isto, evidencia a necessidade do uso de revestimento refratário em fornos de calcinação de gesso, acenando-se para uma maior economia de energia ao se optar por se trabalhar com fluxos de gases com temperaturas mais baixasAbstract: The rotating kiln used for plaster attainment beta (CaSO 4 . O,5H 20), from the calcination of the crude gypsum ore (CaSO 4 . 2H 20), present as main advantages in relation to the toa much types the production of a plaster more uniform, better thermal efficiency and easiness of automation. However, these ovens had had origin in adaptations of the kilns of manufacture Portland cement, needing one better understanding of the involved phenomena in the process of heat transference, for the elaboration of more robust models of simulation for the sizing adjusted in processes of plaster production. As contribution to literature a mathematical model was developed, to simulate the effect of wall through variations of the profile of temperature in the inward of the refractory covering of a rotating kiln. The installation of thermocouples in different radial pitches in one given transversal section of the oven allowed measured experimental for smoothing of the mathematical model considered and afier calculation of thermophysical properties of refractory and the stream of heat between the wall and the solid stream bed. This last parameter was used in the simulation of the profiles of temperature of the phases in draining through the kiln. The considered mathematical model describes with good accuracy the variations of temperature from the surface of the refractory one. It was evidenced the great contribution of the effect of wall in the backup of part of the stream of heat to the wall. About 70 % the parcel stored heat it returns for the solid stream bed. This, evidences the necessity of the fractory covering use in kilns of plaster calcination, waving itself for a bigger economy of energy to if opting to if working with streams of gases with lower temperaturesDoutoradoSistemas de Processos Quimicos e InformaticaDoutor em Engenharia Químic

Hyperspectral Unmixing Overview: Geometrical, Statistical, and Sparse Regression-Based Approaches

Imaging spectrometers measure electromagnetic energy scattered in their instantaneous field view in hundreds or thousands of spectral channels with higher spectral resolution than multispectral cameras. Imaging spectrometers are therefore often referred to as hyperspectral cameras (HSCs). Higher spectral resolution enables material identification via spectroscopic analysis, which facilitates countless applications that require identifying materials in scenarios unsuitable for classical spectroscopic analysis. Due to low spatial resolution of HSCs, microscopic material mixing, and multiple scattering, spectra measured by HSCs are mixtures of spectra of materials in a scene. Thus, accurate estimation requires unmixing. Pixels are assumed to be mixtures of a few materials, called endmembers. Unmixing involves estimating all or some of: the number of endmembers, their spectral signatures, and their abundances at each pixel. Unmixing is a challenging, ill-posed inverse problem because of model inaccuracies, observation noise, environmental conditions, endmember variability, and data set size. Researchers have devised and investigated many models searching for robust, stable, tractable, and accurate unmixing algorithms. This paper presents an overview of unmixing methods from the time of Keshava and Mustard's unmixing tutorial [1] to the present. Mixing models are first discussed. Signal-subspace, geometrical, statistical, sparsity-based, and spatial-contextual unmixing algorithms are described. Mathematical problems and potential solutions are described. Algorithm characteristics are illustrated experimentally.Comment: This work has been accepted for publication in IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensin

Gli incantesimi nella poesia popolare finlandese e le sue testualizzazioni

The Kalevala and The Kanteletar are respectively the epic and lyrical collection of poems compiled and heavily edited by the folk poetry collector and philologist Elias Lönnrot (1802-1884). In this paper we present a more authentic form, the original texts of Finnish folk poetry, which can be accessed, for example, through the collection of the Suomen Kansan Vanhat Runot I-XXXIV ([1908-1948] 1997, Gli antichi poemi del popolo finlandese I-XXXIV), in which the majority of the original collected Kalevalian folk poetry has been recorded. Although genres, subgenres and topics in the field of folklore have enjoyed different status, one seems particularly interesting to us e.g. that of spells/incantations. It is not only because of the originality of this genre of ritual poetry, but also because it is apparent how nowadays its tradition is very active and productive in different cultural/artistic fields. Within this framework and with particular attention to the healing spells, we present translations of texts not only dating back to ancient material collected in the 19th century, but also from new sources, ranging from the musical field to the very recent spell against the Corona virus.</p

the complement system in aspergillus fumigatus infections and its crosstalk with pentraxins

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Stratigraphic architecture of the Salento Coast from Capo d’Otranto to S.Maria di Leuca (Apulia, Southern Italy)

The Cretaceous to Quaternary succession of the Apulia Platform cropping out on the eastern coast of the Salento Peninsula shows a special stratigraphic architecture. Whereas on the platform top, i.e. on the Salento Peninsula proper, the succession is at most a few tens of metres thick and is punctuated by unconformities, on the margin and slope of the platform, along the present-day eastern coast of the peninsula, several carbonate systems are laterally disposed and grafted one upon the other. Three of these systems are clinostratified and include well developed reef tracts of Priabonian, early Chattian and early Messinian age.The geologic conclusion of our study is that, since the Late Cretaceous, the eastern coast of the Salento Peninsula grossly coincided with the margin of the Apulia Platform. This paleogeographic element acted as a foreland horst and registered important geodynamic events related to the growth of the adjacent Hellenide and Apennine thrust belts. During the last 60 m.y., the horst carapace was constantly near sea level and sediments were mainly accommodated and preserved on the deep margin and slope of the platform

Model identification in reactor-based combustion closures using sparse symbolic regression

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Local manifold learning and its link to domain-based physics knowledge

In many reacting flow systems, the thermo-chemical state-space is known or assumed to evolve close to a low-dimensional manifold (LDM). Various approaches are available to obtain those manifolds and subsequently express the original high-dimensional space with fewer parameterizing variables. Principal component analysis (PCA) is one of the dimensionality reduction methods that can be used to obtain LDMs. PCA does not make prior assumptions about the parameterizing variables and retrieves them empirically from the training data. In this paper, we show that PCA applied in local clusters of data (local PCA) is capable of detecting the intrinsic parameterization of the thermo-chemical state-space. We first demonstrate that utilizing three common combustion models of varying complexity: the Burke-Schumann model, the chemical equilibrium model and the homogeneous reactor. Parameterization of these models is known a priori which allows for benchmarking with the local PCA approach. We further extend the application of local PCA to a more challenging case of a turbulent non-premixed $n$-heptane/air jet flame for which the parameterization is no longer obvious. Our results suggest that meaningful parameterization can be obtained also for more complex datasets. We show that local PCA finds variables that can be linked to local stoichiometry, reaction progress and soot formation processes