Prevalencia de parasitosis intestinales en unidades educativas de Ciudad Bolívar, Venezuela

Introducción: Las parasitosis intestinales a nivel mundial son un problema de salud pública que afecta a los países en las zonas tropicales. Un grupo muy vulnerable a padecer este tipo de infección son los niños. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar la prevalencia general de parásitos intestinales en las Unidades Educativas de Ciudad Bolívar, entre los años 2009 - 2013. Materiales y Métodos: Fueron obtenidos los trabajos de grado sobre el tema del Departamento de Parasitología y Microbiología y así se recolectaron datos sobre edad, sexo, tipo de parasito, especies y asociaciones parasitarias y poder calcular así dicha prevalencia general. Resultados: Se encontró una prevalencia general de 63,1% sin predilección por la edad o sexo. Los tipos de parásitos más prevalentes fueron los protozoarios con 83,5%. Las especies más prevalentes fueron Blastocystis spp con 39,7%, Entamoeba coli con 15,3%, y Giardia intestinalis con 13,4%. Las asociaciones parasitarias más frecuentes Blastocystis spp con Endolimax nana (21,1%) y Blastocystis spp con Entamoeba coli. (7,4%). Discusión: Los resultados de este estudio guardan relación con estudios realizados a nivel nacional como internacional, con respecto a las prevalencias de parasitosis, el predominio de protozoarios sobre helmintos en los últimos años, y la indistinción de la infección parasitaria con respecto al género. Conclusiones: La prevalencia aquí estudiada a manera general es alta, se recomienda seguir haciendo este tipo de estudios en escuelas para denotar el impacto de estas infecciones en niños y la consecuencia que esto conlleva.  Cómo citar este artículo: Nastasi JA. Prevalencia de parasitosis intestinales en unidades educativas de Ciudad Bolívar, Venezuela. Rev Cuid. 2015; 6(2):1077-84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v6i2.18

A new model with Serpent for the first criticality benchmarks of the TRIGA Mark II reactor

We present a new model, developed with the Serpent Monte Carlo code, for neutronics simulation of the TRIGA Mark II reactor of Pavia (Italy). The complete 3D geometry of the reactor core is implemented with high accuracy and detail, exploiting all the available information about geometry and materials. The Serpent model of the reactor is validated in the fresh fuel configuration, through a benchmark analysis of the first criticality experiments and control rods calibrations. The accuracy of simulations in reproducing the reactivity difference between the low power (10 W) and full power (250 kW) reactor condition is also tested. Finally, a direct comparison between Serpent and MCNP simulations of the same reactor configurations is presented

Enhanced surveillance of invasive listeriosis in the Lombardy region, Italy, in the years 2006-2010 reveals major clones and an increase in serotype 1/2a

BACKGROUND: Invasive listeriosis is a rare, life-threatening foodborne disease. Lombardy, an Italian region accounting for 16% of the total population, reported 55% of all listeriosis cases in the years 2006-2010. The aim of our study was to provide a snapshot of listeriosis epidemiology in this region after the implementation of a voluntary laboratory-based surveillance system. METHODS: We characterized by serotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, multilocus sequence typing and detection of epidemic clone markers, 134 isolates from 132 listeriosis cases, including 15 pregnancy-related cases, occurring in the years 2006-2010 in Lombardy. Demographic and clinical characteristics of cases have also been described. RESULTS: The mean age of non pregnancy-associated cases was 64.7 years, with 55.9% of cases being older than 65 years. Cases having no underlying medical conditions accounted for 11.6%. The all-cause fatality rate of 83 cases with a known survival outcome was 25.3%. Serotypes 1/2a and 4b comprised 52.2% and 38.8% of isolates, respectively. Seventy-three AscI pulsotypes and 25 sequence types assigned to 23 clonal complexes were recognized. Moreover, 53 (39.5%) isolates tested positive for the epidemic clone markers. Twelve molecular subtype clusters including at least three isolates were detected, with cluster 11 (1/2a/ST38) including 31 isolates identified during the entire study period. No outbreaks were notified to public health authorities during this period. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of our study proved that epidemiology of listeriosis in Lombardy is characterized by a high prevalence of major clones and the increasing role of serotype 1/2a. Molecular subtyping is an essential tool in the epidemiology and surveillance of listeriosis. Rapid molecular cluster detection could alert about putative outbreaks, thus increasing the chance of detecting and inactivating routes of transmission

Sistema de historias clínicas digital para enfrentar la inoportunidad de entrega de los informes de las pruebas de ayuda diagnóstica para la atención médica en el Hospital Central de la Fuerza Aérea del Perú y los establecimientos de salud del nivel II de la FAP

Siendo la salud pilar fundamental para el desarrollo sostenido de la persona esta debe ser tratada de forma célere a fin de que no se agrave su situación para lo cual se debiera diseñar una estructura de atención que centre con diferentes medios de ayuda que permita su realización en este caso una historia clínica digitalizada e interconectada con ayudas al diagnóstico a la mano y precisa que ayudaría a su atención pertinente. El presente proyecto tiene como problema público la inoportunidad de entrega de los informes de las pruebas de ayuda diagnóstica (tomografía, ecografía y resonancia magnética) para la atención médica en el Hospital Central de la Fuerza Aérea del Perú (FAP) en el periodo 2018-2019. El concepto final de innovación el proyecto en su totalidad pretende lograr un sistema informático que permita el alta de historias clínicas y la actualización de los datos, como resultado de la relación entre médico/servicio y paciente en los distintos establecimientos de salud FAP. El Sistema de Historia Clínica Digitalizada (SHCD), es el adecuado para solucionar la inoportunidad con respecto al tratamiento del paciente en el Hospital Central de la FAP, se presenta como el método más eficiente para manejar el volumen creciente acerca de la información del paciente y que se integre de forma natural con el trabajo del personal médico a nivel nacional y bajo los niveles de atención hospitalaria II y III del Sistema de Salud de la Fuerza Aérea del Perú.Since fundamental health is fundamental for the sustained development of the person, it must be treated in a timely manner so that their situation does not worsen, for which a care structure should be designed that centers with different means of help that allow its realization in This case is a digitalized and interconnected medical history with diagnostic aids at hand and precise that helps your pertinent care. The present project has as its public problem the untimely delivery of reports of diagnostic aid tests (tomography, ultrasound and magnetic resonance) for medical care at the Central Hospital of the Peruvian Air Force (FAP) in the period 2018 -2019. The final concept of innovation, the project in its entirety, aims to achieve a computer system that allows the registration of medical records and the updating of data, as a result of the relationship between doctor / service and patient in the different FAP health devices. The Digitized Medical Record System (SHCD), is the adequate one to solve the inconvenience regarding the treatment of the patient in the Central Hospital of the FAP, it is presented as the most efficient method to handle the increasing volume about the patient information and that it is naturally integrated with the work of the personal physician at the national level and below the levels of hospital care II and III of the Health System of the Peruvian Air Force.Trabajo de investigació

Detection of ATP by "in line” 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy during oxygenated hypothermic pulsatile perfusion of pigs' kidneys

Object: To demonstrate that adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which provides a valuable biomarker for kidney viability in the context of donation after cardiac death (DCD) transplantation, can be detected by means of 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) if kidneys are perfused with oxygenated hypothermic pulsatile perfusion (O2+HPP). Materials and methods: Porcine kidney perfusion was carried out using a home made, MR-compatible HPP-machine. Consequently, kidney perfusion could be performed continuously during magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy recording. 31P MR spectroscopy consisted of 3-dimensional chemical shift imaging (CSI), which allowed for the detection of ATP level in line. 31P CSI was performed at 3tesla in 44min with a nominal voxel size of 6.1cc. Results: 31P CSI enabled the detection of renal ATP when pO2 was equal to 100kPa. With pO2 of 20kPa, only phosphomonoester, inorganic phosphate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide could be found. Semi-quantitative analysis showed that ATP level was 1.3mM in normal kidney perfused with pO2 of 100kPa. Conclusions: This combined technology may constitute a new advance in DCD organ diagnostics prior to transplantation, as it allows direct assessment of ATP concentration, which provides a reliable indicator for organ bioenergetics and viability. In this study, kidneys presenting no warm ischemia were tested in order to establish values in normal organs. The test could be easily integrated into the clinical environment and would not generate any additional delay into the transplantation clinical workflo

Erratum to: A Serpent/OpenFOAM coupling for 3D burnup analysis

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A foodborne outbreak of Salmonella enterica serotype Brandenburg as a hint to compare human, animal and food isolates identified in the years 2005-2009 in Italy

Introduction. There are only a few reported cases of Salmonella enterica serotype Brandenburg foodborne outbreaks in the literature. In Italy Brandenburg is consistently present among the topten serotypes from human source, but at low prevalences. Materials and methods. Fifty-five S. Brandenburg isolates from human, animal, environmental and food sources, including twelve isolates from a foodborne outbreak, were genotyped by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE). Results and discussion. Eight pulsogroups and 19 pulsotypes were detected, with a unique pulsotype being attributed to the outbreak strains. Molecular subtyping can reliably complement the epidemiological investigations. Moreover, mapping molecular types of Salmonella isolates from human and non-human source may greatly contribute to risk assessment, by tracking possible animal sources, so improving cost-effectiveness of the prevention and control strategies

High-molecular weight hyaluronan reduced renal PKC activation in genetically diabetic mice

AbstractThe cluster determinant (CD44) seems to play a key role in tissues injured by diabetes type 2. CD44 stimulation activates the protein kinase C (PKC) family which in turn activates the transcriptional nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) responsible for the expression of the inflammation mediators such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-18 (IL-18), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Regulation of CD44 interaction with its ligands depends greatly upon PKC. We investigated the effect of the treatment with high-molecular weight hyaluronan (HA) on diabetic nephropathy in genetically diabetic mice.BKS.Cg-m+/+Leprdb mice had elevated plasma insulin from 15days of age and high blood sugar levels at 4weeks. The severe nephropathy that developed was characterized by a marked increased in CD44 receptors, protein kinase C betaI, betaII, and epsilon (PKCβI, PKCβII, and PKCε) mRNA expression and the related protein products in kidney tissue. High levels of mRNA and related protein levels were also detected in the damaged kidney for NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-18, MMP-7, and iNOS.Chronic daily administration of high-molecular mass HA for 2weeks significantly reduced CD44, PKCβI, PKCβII, and PKCα gene expression and the related protein production in kidney tissue and TNF-α, IL-6, IL-18, MMP-7, and iNOS expression and levels also decreased. Histological analysis confirmed the biochemical data. However, blood parameters of diabetes were unchanged.These results suggest that the CD44 and PKC play an important role in diabetes and interaction of high-molecular weight HA with these proteins may reduce inflammation and secondary pathologies due to this disease