Retail policy and local development in metropolitan space: Some lessons from the case of Tres Cantos (Madrid) new town

Urban development, as comprehensive concept, involves a wide set of components, and it would imply a reasonably well balanced growth of differents urban functions and activities. The strong spatial competition between firms and localities in metropolitan areas yields unequal spatial impacts on the growth of retail activities. An usual scenery in western suburban areas is the presence of great retail facilities dominating the surrounding market. This situation negatively affects to little and lower-medium settlements that, in this way, play a dominated role, seen as undesirable by local agents and provoking emergent policies. Grounded on this basis this paper tackles the case of a lower medium new town located near Madrid (Tres Cantos), where the local government and retail organisations have reacted against its dominated role and have promoted a set of measures to overcome the problems detected, mainly the local consumer leakeage, the limited success or failure of new retail firms and, in a wider sense, the underdevelopment of the local retail sector. The study describes the main findings of a wider report conducted to evaluate the implemented measures, its effectiveness and the local market agents' valuation. This experience also illustrates the problems of objective setting and policy implementation, when the public and the private sector participate in a joint decision. Keywords: new town development, retail system, urban retail policy Suitable for Conference Themes: D (Metropolitan processes and policies) or parhaps, H (Services, small enterprises ....)

Enhancing smart environments with mobile robots

Sensor networks are becoming popular nowadays in the development of smart environments. Heavily relying on static sensor and actuators, though, such environments usually lacks of versatility regarding the provided services and interaction capabilities. Here we present a framework for smart environments where a service robot is included within the sensor network acting as a mobile sensor and/or actuator. Our framework integrates on-the-shelf technologies to ensure its adaptability to a variety of sensor technologies and robotic software. Two pilot cases are presented as evaluation of our proposal.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Accurate Stereo Visual Odometry with Gamma Distributions

Point-based stereo visual odometry systems typically estimate the camera motion by minimizing a cost function of the projection residuals between consecutive frames. Under some mild assumptions, such minimization is equivalent to maximizing the probability of the measured residuals given a certain pose change, for which a suitable model of the error distribution (sensor model) becomes of capital importance in order to obtain accurate results. This paper proposes a robust probabilistic model for projection errors, based on real world data. For that, we argue that projection distances follow Gamma distributions, and hence, the introduction of these models in a probabilistic formulation of the motion estimation process increases both precision and accuracy. Our approach has been validated through a series of experiments with both synthetic and real data, revealing an improvement in accuracy while not increasing the computational burden.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Project "PROMOVE: Advances in mobile robotics for promoting independent life of elders", funded by the Spanish Government and the "European Regional Development Fund ERDF" under contract DPI2014-55826-R

Improvement of the sensory and autonomous capability of robots through olfaction: the IRO Project

Proyecto de Excelencia Junta de Andalucía TEP2012-530Olfaction is a valuable source of information about the environment that has not been su ciently exploited in mobile robotics yet. Certainly, odor information can contribute to other sensing modalities, e.g. vision, to successfully accomplish high-level robot activities, such as task planning or execution in human environments. This paper describes the developments carried out in the scope of the IRO project, which aims at making progress in this direction by investigating mechanisms that exploit odor information (usually coming in the form of the type of volatile and its concentration) in problems like object recognition and scene-activity understanding. A distinctive aspect of this research is the special attention paid to the role of semantics within the robot perception and decisionmaking processes. The results of the IRO project have improved the robot capabilities in terms of efciency, autonomy and usefulness.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Analyzing interference between RGB-D cameras for human motion tracking

Multi-camera RGB-D systems are becoming popular as sensor setups in Computer Vision applications but they are prone to cause interference between them, compromising their accuracy. This paper extends previous works on the analysis of the noise introduced by interference with new and more realistic camera configurations and different brands of devices. As expected, the detected noise increases as distance and angle grows, becoming worse when interference is present. Finally, we evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed solutions of using DC vibration motors to mitigate them. The results of this study are being used to assess the effect of interference when applying these setups to human motion tracking.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Plan Propio de Investigación de la UMA. Junta de Andalucía, proyecto TEP2012-53

Functional impairment in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 can be assessed by an ataxia rating scale (SARA)

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is not characterised by ataxia per se; however, DM1 and ataxia patients show similar disturbances in movement coordination often experiencing walking and balance difficulties, although caused by different underlying pathologies. This study aims to investigate the use of a scale previously described for the assessment and rating of ataxia (SARA) with the hypothesis that it could have utility in DM1 patients as a measure of disease severity and risk of falling. Data from 54 DM1 patients were pulled from the PHENO-DM1 natural history study for analysis. Mean SARA score in the DM1 population was 5.45 relative to the maximum score of eight. A flooring effect (score 0) was observed in mild cases within the sample. Inter-rater and test–retest reliability was high with intraclass coefficients (ICC) of 0.983 and 1.00, respectively. Internal consistency was acceptable as indicated by a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.761. Component analysis revealed two principle components. SARA correlated with: (1) all measures of muscle function tested, including quantitative muscle testing of ankle dorsiflexion (r = −0.584*), the 6 min walk test (r = −0.739*), 10 m walk test (r = 0.741*), and the nine hole peg test (r = 0.602*) and (2) measures of disease severity/burden, such as MIRS (r = 0.718*), MDHI (r = 0.483*), and DM1-Activ (r = −0.749*) (*p < 0.001). The SARA score was predicted by an interaction between modal CTG repeat length and age at sampling (r = 0.678, p = 0.003). A score of eight or above predicted the use of a walking aid with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 85.7%. We suggest that further research is warranted to ascertain whether SARA or components of SARA are useful outcome measures for clinical trials in DM1. As a tool, it can be used for gathering information about disease severity/burden and helping to identify patients in need of a walking aid, and can potentially be applied in both research and healthcare settings

Experimental Analysis of Appearance Maps as Descriptor Manifolds Approximations

Images of a given environment, coded by a holistic image descriptor, produce a manifold that is articulated by the camera pose in such environment. The correct articulation of such Descriptor Manifold (DM) by the camera poses is the cornerstone for precise Appearance-based Localization (AbL), which implies knowing the correspondent descriptor for any given pose of the camera in the environment. Since such correspondences are only given at sample pairs of the DM (the appearance map), some kind of regression must be applied to predict descriptor values at unmapped locations. This is relevant for AbL because this regression process can be exploited as an observation model for the localization task. This paper analyses the influence of a number of parameters involved in the approximation of the DM from the appearance map, including the sampling density, the method employed to regress values at unvisited poses, and the impact of the image content on the DM structure. We present experimental evaluations of diverse setups and propose an image metric based on the image derivatives, which allows us to build appearance maps in the form of grids of variable density. A preliminary use case is presented as an initial step for future research

Dimensionality Reduction in images for Appearance-based camera Localization

Appearance-based Localization (AL) focuses on estimating the pose of a camera from the information encoded in an image, treated holistically. However, the high-dimensionality of images makes this estimation intractable and some techniques of Dimensionality Reduction (DR) must be applied. The resulting reduced image representation, though, must keep underlying information about the structure of the scene to be able to infer the camera pose. This work explores the problem of DR in the context of AL, and evaluates four popular methods in two simple cases on a synthetic environment: two linear (PCA and MDS) and two non-linear, also known as Manifold Learning methods (LLE and Isomap). The evaluation is carried out in terms of their capability to generate lower-dimensional embeddings that maintain underlying information that is isometric to the camera poses.Plan propio UMA, HOUNDBOT (P20 01302), funding by Andalusian Regional Government, and ARPEGGIO (PID2020-117057GB-I00), funded by Spain National Research Agency. Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Calibración extrínseca de un conjunto de cámaras RGB-D sobre un robot móvil

La aparición de las cáqmaras RGB-D como sensores robóticos de bajo coste ha supuesto la inclusión habitual de varios de estos dispositivos en una creciente cantidad de vehiculos y robots. En estos casos, la calibraci on precisa de las transformaciones espaciales existentes entre las c amaras del mismo robot es de capital importancia a la hora de obtener medidas ables del entorno. Este articulo evalua el metodo de calibracion con formula cerrada descrito en [7] y lo extiende con una propuesta alternativa basada en un m etodo iterativo y una extension robusta de este ultimo en dos escenarios: i) un entorno simulado con cambios en el nivel de ruido de las observaciones, en el numero de observaciones obtenidas, en la proporcion de outliers y en las posiciones relativas de las c amaras, y ii) una con guraci on particular de 3 c amaras RGB- D sobre un robot real. Los resultados de la evaluacion muestran una mayor precision para nuestra propuesta iterativa robusta en todos los escenarios analizados. El codigo fuente de la implementacion de estos metodos en C++ se proporciona para su uso publico.Proyecto PROMOVE:DPI2014-55826-R (MINECO). Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech