Fine-grained human evaluation of neural versus phrase-based machine translation

We compare three approaches to statistical machine translation (pure phrase-based, factored phrase-based and neural) by performing a fine-grained manual evaluation via error annotation of the systems' outputs. The error types in our annotation are compliant with the multidimensional quality metrics (MQM), and the annotation is performed by two annotators. Inter-annotator agreement is high for such a task, and results show that the best performing system (neural) reduces the errors produced by the worst system (phrase-based) by 54%.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figures, The Prague Bulletin of Mathematical Linguistic

Virtual cluster scheduling through the scheduling graph

This paper presents an instruction scheduling and cluster assignment approach for clustered processors. The proposed technique makes use of a novel representation named the scheduling graph which describes all possible schedules. A powerful deduction process is applied to this graph, reducing at each step the set of possible schedules. In contrast to traditional list scheduling techniques, the proposed scheme tries to establish relations among instructions rather than assigning each instruction to a particular cycle. The main advantage is that wrong or poor schedules can be anticipated and discarded earlier. In addition, cluster assignment of instructions is performed using another novel concept called virtual clusters, which define sets of instructions that must execute in the same cluster. These clusters are managed during the deduction process to identify incompatibilities among instructions. The mapping of virtual to physical clusters is postponed until the scheduling of the instructions has finalized. The advantages this novel approach features include: (1) accurate scheduling information when assigning, and, (2) accurate information of the cluster assignment constraints imposed by scheduling decisions. We have implemented and evaluated the proposed scheme with superblocks extracted from Speclnt95 and MediaBench. The results show that this approach produces better schedules than the previous state-of-the-art. Speed-ups are up to 15%, with average speed-ups ranging from 2.5% (2-Clusters) to 9.5% (4-Clusters).Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Reduced kinetic mechanisms for modelling LPP combustión in gas turbines

Reduced kinetic mechanisms for modelling LPP combustión in gas turbine

A unified modulo scheduling and register allocation technique for clustered processors

This work presents a modulo scheduling framework for clustered ILP processors that integrates the cluster assignment, instruction scheduling and register allocation steps in a single phase. This unified approach is more effective than traditional approaches based on sequentially performing some (or all) of the three steps, since it allows optimizing the global code generation problem instead of searching for optimal solutions to each individual step. Besides, it avoids the iterative nature of traditional approaches, which require repeated applications of the three steps until a valid solution is found. The proposed framework includes a mechanism to insert spill code on-the-fly and heuristics to evaluate the quality of partial schedules considering simultaneously inter-cluster communications, memory pressure and register pressure. Transformations that allow trading pressure on a type of resource for another resource are also included. We show that the proposed technique outperforms previously proposed techniques. For instance, the average speed-up for the SPECfp95 is 36% for a 4-cluster configuration.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

A bibliometric study of the research area of videogames using Dimensions.ai database

Videogames are a very interesting area of research for fields as diverse as computer science, health, psychology or even social sciences. Every year a growing number of articles are published in different topics inside this field, so it is very convenient to study the different bibliometric data in order to consolidate the research efforts. Thus, the aim of this work is to conduct a study on the distribution of articles related to videogames in the different fields of research, as well as to measure their interest over time, to identify the sources, countries and authors with the highest scientific production. In order to carry out this analysis, the information system Dimensions.ai has been considered, since it covers a large number of documents and allows for easy downloading and analysis of datasets. According to the study, three countries are the most prolific in this area: USA, Canada and UK. The obtained results also indicate that the fields with the highest number of publications are Information and Computer Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, and Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, in this order. With regard to the impact of the publications, differences between the number of citations, and the number of Altmetric Attention Score, have been found

Functional and structural of the erector spinae muscle during iso-metric lumbar extension

Study Design: cross-sectional study. Objectives: to compare erector spinae (ES) muscle fatigue between chronic non-specific lower back pain (CNLBP) sufferers and healthy subjects from a biomechanical perspective during fatiguing isometric lumbar extensions. Background: paraspinal muscle maximal contraction and fatigue are used as a functional predictor for disabilities. The simplest method to determine muscle fatigue is by evaluating the evolution during specific contractions, such as isometric contractions. There are no studies that evaluate the evolution of the ES muscle during fatiguing isometric lumbar extensions and analyse functional and architectural variables. Methods: In a pre-calibrated system, participants performed a maximal isometric extension of the lumbar spine for 5 and 30 seconds. Functional variables (torque and muscle activation) and architecture (pennation angle and muscle thickness) were measured using a load cell, surface electromyography and ultrasound, respectively. The results were normalised and a reliability study of the ultrasound measurement was made. Results: The ultrasound measurements were highly reliable, with Cronbach's alpha values ranging from 0.951 0.981. All measured variables shown significant differences before and after fatiguing isometric lumbar extension. Conclusion: During a lumbar isometric extension test, architecture and functional variables of the ES muscle could be analised using ultrasound, surface EMG and load cell. In adition, during an endurance test, ES muscle suffers an acute effect on architectural and functional variables.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. 25 September 2013 through 28 September 2013; Code 10172

Weight modules over split Lie algebras

We study the structure of weight modules $V$ with restrictions neither on the dimension nor on the base field, over split Lie algebras $L$. We show that if $L$ is perfect and $V$ satisfies $LV=V$ and ${\mathcal Z}(V)=0$, then $$\hbox{$L =\bigoplus\limits_{i\in I} I_{i}$ and $V = \bigoplus\limits_{j \in J} V_{j}$}$$ with any $I_{i}$ an ideal of $L$ satisfying $[I_{i},I_{k}]=0$ if $i \neq k$, and any $V_{j}$ a (weight) submodule of $V$ in such a way that for any $j \in J$ there exists a unique $i \in I$ such that $I_iV_j \neq 0,$ being $V_j$ a weight module over $I_i$. Under certain conditions, it is shown that the above decomposition of $V$ is by means of the family of its minimal submodules, each one being a simple (weight) submodule

On split Leibniz superalgebras

We study the structure of arbitrary split Leibniz superalgebras. We show that any of such superalgebras ${\frak L}$ is of the form ${\frak L} = {\mathcal U} + \sum_jI_j$ with ${\mathcal U}$ a subspace of an abelian (graded) subalgebra $H$ and any $I_j$ a well described (graded) ideal of ${\frak L}$ satisfying $[I_j,I_k] = 0$ if $j \neq k$. In the case of ${\frak L}$ being of maximal length, the simplicity of ${\frak L}$ is also characterized in terms of connections of roots.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2003.1260

Dimensiones corporales de la Pardela Cenicienta mediterránea (Calonectris diomedea diomedea) en la colonia de las islas Columbretes (Mediterráneo occidental)

Abstract not availabl