Geología y estructura de las ultramafitas de Tapo y Acobamba (Tarma, Perú). Removilización tectónica andina de un segmento ofiolítico pre-andino

Los cuerpos de serpentinitas con asociaciones menores de rocas máficas han sido interpretados como una intrusión de un magma ultrabásico profundo que se instala en forma de sills y diques en el seno de un conjunto metasedimentario de bajo grado atribuído al precámbrico, incluido en las unidades del Complejo del Marañón (Grandin et al., 1977 y referencias incluidas; Grandin y Zegarra, 1979). El emplazamiento del conjunto ultramáfico esta representado por varias etapas, primero la intrusión pre-tectónica en sills elongados en una secuencia sedimentaria de edad precámbrica y posteriormente los cuerpos gabroicos (íbidem). También se han interpretado los cuerpos ultramáficos como una inyección de tipo diapírico en secuencias del Paleozóico Superior (Megard et al., 1996

Características espacio temporales de la trasmisión de la malaria en la región Loreto entre los años 2000 y 2019

Introduction: The elimination of malaria is the definitive solution to prevent the growing resistance to drugs and insecticides from threatening the progress made since the beginning of the 21st century. Objective: To analyze the spatio-temporal characteristics of malaria transmission in the Loreto region. Methods: We carried out a time series study, and the weekly incidence of malaria in Loreto in the last 20 years (2000-2019) was analyzed using data from the Epidemiological Surveillance System of the Ministry of Health. With this information, we modeled the weekly incidence of malaria across the Loreto surveillance reporting units and determine its spatio-temporal characteristics at the macro and micro-regional levels. Additionally, we characterized the “hot zones” and their stability over time. Results: During the last 20 years, we observed that Loreto has a seasonal malaria transmission, of moderate intensity, with different areas of diffuse transmission, Additionally, we observed that the three “hottest” health networks were, consistently, Maynas Ciudad, Loreto, and Datem del Marañón, with each of them also exhibiting different microregional hot zones of high temporal stability during its seasonal ups and downs. Conclusions: Loreto is a receptive region for malaria whose transmission is characterized by a seasonal pattern, of moderate intensity, with areas of diffuse transmission and the presence of active foci of high transmission (macro and micro-regional hot zones) with high temporal stability.Introducción: La eliminación de la malaria es la solución definitiva para evitar que la creciente resistencia a los medicamentos e insecticidas amenace los avances alcanzados en la lucha contra la malaria desde comienzos del siglo XXI. Objetivo: Analizar las características espacio temporales de la trasmisión de la malaria en Loreto. Método: Se realizó un estudio de tipo series de tiempo y se analizó la incidencia semanal de malaria en Loreto en los últimos 20 años (2000-2019) utilizando los datos del Sistema de Vigilancia Epidemiológica del Ministerio de Salud. Con esta información se modeló la incidencia semanal de malaria reportada por las unidades de vigilancia epidemiológica de Loreto y se determinaron sus características espacio temporales a nivel macro y microregional. Adicionalmente se caracterizaron las zonas “calientes” así como su estabilidad en el tiempo. Resultados: Durante los últimos 20 años observamos que Loreto tuvo un patrón de trasmisión estacional de la malaria, de intensidad moderada y zonas de trasmisión difusa, Adicionalmente, se observó que las tres redes de salud más “calientes” consistentemente fueron Maynas Ciudad, Loreto y Datem del Marañón, y que cada de estas redes exhibieron diferentes zonas calientes micro regionales de alta estabilidad temporal durante los altibajos estacionales de la malaria. Conclusiones: Loreto es una región receptiva para malaria cuya trasmisión se caracteriza por un patrón estacional, de intensidad moderada, con zonas de trasmisión difusa y presencia de focos activos de elevada trasmisión (zonas calientes macro y micro regionales) de alta estabilidad temporal

Sub-Andean Project: Geological maps to promote investment opportunities in remote areas of the Peruvian Subandean

Since 2019 the Geological, Mining and Metallurgical Institute - INGEMMET has been developing the “Sub-Andean Project”. This project aims to integrate geological surface information acquired by hydrocarbon companies since the last decade in their exploration activities (PERUPETRO - INGEMMET Technical Information Exchange Agreement) with studies of Geological National Chart in this part of the territory to provide timely and quality information with a high geological value of the different areas of the Sub-Andean. From 2019 to 2021, “Sub-Andean Project” will update 155 quadrants at a scale of 1: 50,000 and annual reports of the geological update. In 2019, 45 quadrants located in the high jungle of Madre de Dios, Ucayali and Ene / Pachitea were update. In 2020 are being updated 104 quadrants of the Huallaga and Santiago basins and for 2021, 06 quadrants and 05 geological maps at 1: 250,000 scale will programmed. As an important background to this project in 2015 were updated 17 sheets at scale 1: 50,000 located in Madre de Dios basin and in 2016 were updated 13 sheets belonging to Ucayali Sur basin. As part of the project carried out field campaigns to validate and improve the quality of the integrated geological information, geological maps are prepared, geological data positioned, the stratigraphy is standardized and the main geological structures exposed in the called folded belts. The processing of all information collected is through an organized and standardized database processed in a GIS project in Geodatabase format

Serie de Redacción Científica: Diseño y publicación de reportes de casos y series de casos

Background: Case reports and case series are essential sources of knowledge; however, they only provide low-quality scientific evidence. These studies are common in the medical field because they allow to formulate new hypotheses and to report new and rare pathologies in a structured way and complications or adverse drug events. Hence, the primary objective of a case report or case series is contributing to the scientific knowledge. To publishing these studies, it is recommended to follow the CARE statement's recommendations to guarantee a structured report with a minimum of pertinent and relevant information to make a clear and precise interpretation of the findings. This review aims to provide a scientific writing guide for case reports and case series and maximize their publicity in indexed peer-reviewed journals.Introducción: Los reportes de casos y series de casos son una fuente importante de conocimientos, sin embargo, solo aportan evidencias científicas de baja calidad. Este tipo de estudios son muy comunes en el campo médico, porque permiten formular nuevas hipótesis y reportar de manera estructurada patologías nuevas y raras, así como complicaciones o eventos adversos de medicamentos. Es por ello que el objetivo primario de un reporte de casos o serie de casos es aportar al conocimiento científico. Para publicar estos estudios se recomienda seguir las recomendaciones de la declaración CARE con el fin de garantizar un reporte estructurado con el mínimo de información pertinente y relevante para hacer una interpretación clara y precisa de los hallazgos de este. El objetivo de esta revisión es proporcionar una guía de redacción científica de reportes de casos y series de casos y maximizar su publicidad en revistas indizadas revisadas por pares

Accelerating to Zero: Strategies to Eliminate Malaria in the Peruvian Amazon.

AbstractIn February 2014, the Malaria Elimination Working Group, in partnership with the Peruvian Ministry of Health (MoH), hosted its first international conference on malaria elimination in Iquitos, Peru. The 2-day meeting gathered 85 malaria experts, including 18 international panelists, 23 stakeholders from different malaria-endemic regions of Peru, and 11 MoH authorities. The main outcome was consensus that implementing a malaria elimination project in the Amazon region is achievable, but would require: 1) a comprehensive strategic plan, 2) the altering of current programmatic guidelines from control toward elimination by including symptomatic as well as asymptomatic individuals for antimalarial therapy and transmission-blocking interventions, and 3) the prioritization of community-based active case detection with proper rapid diagnostic tests to interrupt transmission. Elimination efforts must involve key stakeholders and experts at every level of government and include integrated research activities to evaluate, implement, and tailor sustainable interventions appropriate to the region

SERUM OESTRADIOL LEVEL DURING MATING AND ITS EFFECT ON CONCEPTION RATE IN THE ALPACA

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el nivel sérico de estradiol en alpacas adultas al momento del primer servicio posparto y su efecto sobre la tasa de concepción. Se seleccionó 85 alpacas adultas, vacías y sin cría, y se sirvieron con machos de fertilidad comprobada, previa evaluación de conducta de receptividad frente al macho. Luego de la monta, se colectó una muestra de sangre y el nivel de estradiol en el suero se analizó por radioinmunoensayo. La concepción se determinó por ecografía a los 25-27 días poscópula. Los valores de estradiol se dividieron en dos grupos: A (<0.5 pg/mL) y B (>0.5 pg/mL), donde la media fue de 0.78 ± 0.39 pg/mL. La tasa de concepción en alpacas con bajo nivel de estradiol en el momento de la monta fue de 52.5% y en alpacas con alto nivel de estradiol (>0.5 pg/mL) fue de 66.7%, sin diferencias estadísticas; indicando la ausencia de una influencia de los niveles de estradiol sobre la tasa de concepción.The aim of the study was to determine the serum oestradiol level in adult alpacas during the first post-partum mating and its effect on conception rate. It was selected 85 non-lactating female adult alpacas without calf at foot. Sexual receptive females were mated with a male of proven fertility. Blood samples were collected at mating and the level of oestradiol in serum was determined by radioimmunoassay. Conception was determined by ultrasound at 25-27 days of mating. Oestradiol values were distributed in two groups: A (<0.5 pg/mL) and B (>0.5 pg/mL), where the mean was 0.78 ± 0.39 pg/mL. Conception rate in alpacas with low oestradiol level at time of mating was 52.5% and in alpacas with high level was 66.7% without significant difference. Results indicate the lack of influence of oestradiol levels on conception rate

Trends and patterns of the double burden of malnutrition (DBM) in Peru: a pooled analysis of 129,159 mother-child dyads.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to evaluate trends of DBM in Peru over the last 20 years. METHODS: Using individual-level data collected in nationally representative household surveys from Peru between 1996 and 2017, we analysed trends in the prevalence and patterning of the DBM. We classified the nutritional status of children and their mothers as undernourished (either underweight, stunted or wasted for children), normal, overweight or obese. Children classified as experiencing the DBM were those undernourished and living with an overweight or obese mother. We also fitted logistic regression models to evaluate the probability of children having an overweight/obese mother across subgroups of socioeconomic status, place of residence and education. RESULTS: The overall percentage of children experiencing the DBM in 2016 was 7%, and constitutes ~203,600 children (90% of whom were stunted). Between 1996 and 2016, undernourished children have seen the largest relative increase in the risk of having an overweight mother (31% vs. 37%) or obese mother (6% vs. 17%); however, due to the substantial decrease in the absolute number of undernourished children, the DBM has not grown. Moreover, all children, irrespective of their own nutritional status, are now more likely to live with an overweight or obese mother, a consistent pattern across wealth, location and education subgroups, and all regions of Peru. CONCLUSIONS: DBM prevalence in Peru has decreased, although the number of DBM cases is estimated to be above 200,000. In addition, all children are now more likely to live with overweight or obese mothers. The basic pattern has shifted from one of undernourished children whose mothers have a 'normal' BMI, to one where now most children have a 'normal' or healthy anthropometric status, but whose mothers are overweight or obese. This suggest that Peru is on the cusp of a major public health challenge requiring significant action

Long-Term Dynamic in Nutrients, Chlorophyll a, and Water Quality Parameters in a Coastal Lagoon During a Process of Eutrophication for Decades, a Sudden Break and a Relatively Rapid Recovery

Coastal lagoons are considered among the marine habitats with the highest biological productivity, and support a great variety of human activities and pressures that make them especially vulnerable to trophic imbalances. While dystrophic crises are common in many lagoons, others like the Mar Menor show homeostatic mechanisms, high resilience, and clear waters. This paper analyses the water column descriptors dynamic during the last 22 years in this coastal lagoon, in the context of a eutrophication process produced by an increase in nutrient inputs, mainly derived from agriculture. Despite water column nitrate concentration increased by one order of magnitude, the lagoon maintained homeostatic regulation for two decades, keeping the water transparency and relatively low levels of nutrients and chlorophyll a (Prebreak phase), followed by a sudden change of state in 2016 with an abrupt increase in average nutrients and chlorophyll a concentration and loss of water transparency (Break phase), and a relatively rapid recovery after the reduction of nutrient discharges (Recovery phase). The activation of the regulation mechanisms seems to manifest through an ammonium production in the water column, as a consequence of the activity in the trophic web. The low correlation between chlorophyll a and nutrients concentration, mainly at small spatio-temporal scales, is in disagreement with eutrophication traditional models, and suggests a rapid response of primary producers to nutrient inputs and a zooplankton control in the short-term, which in turn is controlled by the rest of the trophic web components. Homeostatic properties that in the Mar Menor lagoon have provided resistance to eutrophication are based on several mechanisms: channeling its production toward the benthic system (maintaining high biomasses of primary producers, filter feeders, and detritivores), a top-down control of the pelagic trophic web exerted by ichthyoplankton and jellyfish, and exporting surplus production outside the system. Resilience of the system would be based on the high turnover in the species composition related to the restricted connectivity to the sea, the spatio-temporal variability of the environmental conditions, and the multiplicity of spatial–temporal scales involved in lagoon processes. TRIX index was sensitive to the trophic and water quality changes. However, in our study, its current score does not allow to anticipate or alert the eutrophication risk and the trophic breakpoint of the system