Evolução da severidade do cancro e qualidade de fuste no crescimento do mogno-africano

The objective of this work was to investigate the influence of the qualitative traits canker severity and stem quality on the mean annual increment (MAI) in diameter, total height, and stem height of an African mahogany (Khaya grandifoliola) stand. The study area is located in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, where continuous forest inventories were conducted over six years for data collection. Given the nonparametric characteristic of the data, an aligned rank transform analysis of variance was performed for each factor, and the averages were compared by Dunn’s multiple test. There was no significant effect of the interaction between the classes of canker severity and stand age. Increased canker severity has a significant effect on MAI values, causing reductions of 13% in diameter, 11% in total height, and 21% in stem height in trees from the highest canker severity class, when compared with the healthy ones. Age interacts significantly with stem quality, and MAI values tend to be similar in younger trees, differing over time in the oldest ones. In addition, the highest MAI values are recorded in trees with the best stem classification.O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a influência das características qualitativas severidade do cancro e qualidade do fuste sobre o incremento médio anual (IMA) em diâmetro, altura total e altura de fuste de um talhão de mogno-africano (Khaya grandifoliola). A área do estudo se localiza no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, onde inventários florestais contínuos foram realizados por seis anos para a coleta dos dados. Pela característica não paramétrica dos dados, foi realizada uma análise de variância de transformação de postos alinhados para cada fator, e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste múltiplo de Dunn. Não houve interação entre as diferentes classes de severidade de cancro e a idade do talhão. O aumento da severidade do cancro tem efeito significativo sobre os valores de IMA, causando reduções de 13% em diâmetro, 11% em altura total e 21% em altura do fuste nas árvores da classe de severidade mais alta, em comparação às sadias. A idade interage significativamente com a qualidade do fuste, e o valores de IMA tendem a ser semelhantes nas árvores mais jovens, diferenciando-se posteriormente nas mais velhas. Além disso, os maiores valores de IMA são registrados nas árvores com melhor classificação de fuste

Perfil lipídico e uso de anti-TNF-α

AbstractThe use of anti-TNF-α has been associated with several changes in lipid profile, although some study results are conflicting. The knowledge of this fact is of great importance when one observes at the association between rheumatic diseases and accelerated atherogenesis. The aim of this analysis was search for changes in lipid profile in anti TNF-α users in the population of Southern Brazil and its association with duration of use, indications, patient gender and type of anti-TNF. For this purpose, we studied the profiles of total cholesterol (TC), HDL cholesterol (HDLc), LDL cholesterol (LDLc), atherogenic index (ATI) and triglycerides (TGs) of 58 patients (42 with rheumatoid arthritis and 16 with spondyloarthritis) before and after using this drug for a median of 16.0 months. There were no changes in the levels of TC, HDLc, LDLc and ATI (P=NS). However, there was a significant increase in TG levels (P=0.03). The median difference between first and second TG measurements was 16mg/dL and this increase was not associated with gender, time of use, use indication or type of anti TNF-α (P=NS). It was concluded that the use of anti TNF-α is associated with increased values of TG

Evolution of canker severity and stem quality on African mahogany growth

Abstract The objective of this work was to investigate the influence of the qualitative traits canker severity and stem quality on the mean annual increment (MAI) in diameter, total height, and stem height of an African mahogany (Khaya grandifoliola) stand. The study area is located in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, where continuous forest inventories were conducted over six years for data collection. Given the nonparametric characteristic of the data, an aligned rank transform analysis of variance was performed for each factor, and the averages were compared by Dunn’s multiple test. There was no significant effect of the interaction between the classes of canker severity and stand age. Increased canker severity has a significant effect on MAI values, causing reductions of 13% in diameter, 11% in total height, and 21% in stem height in trees from the highest canker severity class, when compared with the healthy ones. Age interacts significantly with stem quality, and MAI values tend to be similar in younger trees, differing over time in the oldest ones. In addition, the highest MAI values are recorded in trees with the best stem classification

Modelagem do crescimento e da produção de povoamento de Pinus taeda sob manejo intensivo

The objective of this work was to develop and validate a prognosis system for volume yield and basal area of intensively managed loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) stands, using stand and diameter class models compatible in basal area estimates. The data used in the study were obtained from plantations located in northern Uruguay. For model validation without data loss, a three‑phase validation scheme was applied: first, the equations were fitted without the validation database; then, model validation was carried out; and, finally, the database was regrouped to recalibrate the parameter values. After the validation and final parameterization of the models, a simulation of the first commercial thinning was carried out. The developed prognosis system was precise and accurate in estimating basal area production per hectare or per diameter classes. There was compatibility in basal area estimates between diameter class and whole stand models, with a mean difference of ‑0.01 m2 ha-1. The validation scheme applied is logic and consistent, since information on the accuracy and precision of the models is obtained without the loss of any information in the estimation of the models’ parameters.O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver e validar um sistema de prognose para produção em volume e área basal de povoamento de Pinus taeda manejado intensamente, com uso de modelos de povoamento e de classes diamétricas compatíveis em estimativas de área basal. Os dados utilizados no estudo foram obtidos de plantios localizados no norte do Uruguai. Para a validação dos modelos sem perda de informação, foi aplicado um esquema de validação em três fases: primeiro, as equações foram ajustadas sem a base de dados de validação; depois, a validação do modelo foi realizada; e, por fim, a base de dados foi reagrupada para recalibrar os valores dos parâmetros. Após a validação e a parametrização final dos modelos, foi realizada uma simulação do primeiro desbaste comercial. O sistema de prognose desenvolvido foi preciso e acurado na estimativa de produção em área basal por hectare ou por classes diamétricas. Houve compatibilidade nas estimativas de área basal entre os modelos de classes diamétricas e do talhão como um todo, com diferença média de ‑0,01 m2 ha-1. O esquema de validação aplicado é lógico e consistente, uma vez que informações sobre a acurácia e a precisão dos modelos são obtidas sem perda de informação nas estimativas dos parâmetros dos modelos

Spatial distribution of wood volume in brazilian savannas

Here we model and describe the wood volume of Cerrado Sensu Stricto, a highly heterogeneous vegetation type in the Savanna biome, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, integrating forest inventory data with spatial-environmental variables, multivariate regression, and regression kriging. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the factors that affect the spatial distribution of the wood volume of this vegetation type as well as allowing better representation of the spatial heterogeneity of this biome. Wood volume estimates were obtained through regression models using different environmental variables as independent variables. Using the best fitted model, spatial analysis of the residuals was carried out by selecting a semivariogram model for generating an ordinary kriging map, which in turn was used with the fitted regression model in the regression kriging technique. Seasonality of both temperature and precipitation, along with the density of deforestation, explained the variations of wood volume throughout Minas Gerais. The spatial distribution of predicted wood volume of Cerrado Sensu Stricto in Minas Gerais revealed the high variability of this variable (15.32 to 98.38 m3 ha-1) and the decreasing gradient in the southeast-northwest direction914COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESSem informaçã

STRUCTURE OF THE DIAMETER DISTRIBUTION OF AN EXPERIMENTAL PLANTATION OF CANDEIA ( Eremanthus erythropappus (DC.) MacLeish)

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal caracterizar a distribui\ue7\ue3o diam\ue9trica de um plantio experimental de candeia com diferentes tratamentos (idade, espa\ue7amento e trato silvicultural distintos), atrav\ue9s do ajuste de diversas fun\ue7\uf5es de densidade de probabilidade. Posteriormente, realizou-se a prognose dos par\ue2metros da fun\ue7\ue3o selecionada em fun\ue7\ue3o da idade. Foram testadas as fun\ue7\uf5es Gamma, Normal, Log normal, Weibull 2 par\ue2metros (2P) e Weibull 3 par\ue2metros (3P) para os diferentes tratamentos; a escolha do melhor ajuste foi baseada no teste de ader\ueancia de Kolmogorov-Smirnov a 95% de probabilidade. A fun\ue7\ue3o Weibull 3P para a maioria dos tratamentos resultou em melhores ajustes, principalmente nas \ue1rvores podadas, sendo ent\ue3o selecionada para a prognose dos par\ue2metros em fun\ue7\ue3o da idade. Foi detectado que a poda influenciou o par\ue2metro de escala, por\ue9m, n\ue3o o de forma, enquanto o espa\ue7amento de plantio n\ue3o influenciou nenhum dos par\ue2metros da fun\ue7\ue3o de Weibull de forma significativa. Assim, equa\ue7\uf5es lineares foram ajustadas para a prognose dos par\ue2metros em fun\ue7\ue3o da idade. Uma simula\ue7\ue3o foi empregada considerando florestas podadas ou n\ue3o para avaliar o comportamento da distribui\ue7\ue3o diam\ue9trica em fun\ue7\ue3o da idade do plantio, na qual foi verificado que as equa\ue7\uf5es obtidas distinguem de forma satisfat\uf3ria os plantios de candeia podados ou n\ue3o.The present study had as its main objective to characterize the diameter distribution of an experimental plantation of \u2018candeia\u2019 trees submitted to different treatments (age, spacing and silvicultural treatments), by adjusting several probability density functions. Subsequently, a prognosis of the selected function parameters in relation to age was conducted. The probability density functions tested were: Gamma, Normal, Log-normal,2-parameter Weibull (2P) and 3-parameter Weibull (3P) for the different study groups. The selection of the best fit was based on the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test with a probability of 95%. The Weibull 3P function present the best fits for the majority of the treatments, especially for pruned trees, being thus chosen for the prognosis of the parameters according to age. It was detected that pruning affected the scale parameters, but not the shape parameters, while spacing did not influence the function parameters in a significant manner. Hence, linear equations were adjusted for the prognosis of the parameters in relation to age. A simulation was conducted considering pruned and not pruned trees in order to evaluate the behavior of the diametric distribution in relation to the plantation age, in which it was found that the parameterized equations satisfactorily distinguished between the pruned and not pruned \u2018candeia\u2019 plantations

O registro dos limites da cidade: imagens da várzea do Carmo no século XIX

Este trabalho debruça-se sobre a iconografia paulistana do século XIX, em suas pinturas, aquarelas e litografias. Partindo da constatação da existência de um privilegiamento das áreas dos arredores do centro nas representações da cidade, especificamente uma região, a várzea do Carmo, e dessa permanência ainda na virada do século, quando a cidade sofre um processo de urbanização e crescimento grande, e a fotografia já está registrando as áreas centrais, quisemos investigar os sentidos dessas representações, tanto a presença desse espaço - a várzea do Carmo - no imaginário da época (cronistas, legisladores, memorialistas), quanto as imagens da cidade que estão sendo produzidas a partir desse ângulo de registro. Escolhemos analisar algumas imagens dessa região, concentrando-nos no final do século, contrapondo com outros discursos produzidos sobre a área por cronistas, jornalistas e memorialistas, na tentativa de entender um pouco mais a sociedade que as produziu