Radiation therapy affects YAP expression and intracellular localization by modulating lamin A/C levels in breast cancer

The microenvironment of breast cancer actively participates in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. The changes observed in the architecture of the extracellular matrix initiate an oncogene-mediated cell reprogramming, that leads to a massive triggering of YAP nuclear entry, and, therefore, to cancer cell proliferation, invasion and probably to increased radiation-resistance. However, it is not yet fully understood how radiotherapy regulates the expression and subcellular localization of YAP in breast cancer cells experiencing different microenvironmental stiffnesses. To elucidate the role of extracellular matrix stiffness and ionizing radiations on YAP regulation, we explored the behaviour of two different mammary cell lines, a normal epithelial cell line (MCF10A) and a highly aggressive and invasive adenocarcinoma cell line (MDA-MB-231) interacting with polyacrylamide substrates mimicking the mechanics of both normal and tumour tissues (~1 and ~13 kPa). We report that X-ray radiation affected in a significant way the levels of YAP expression, density, and localization in both cell lines. After 24 h, MCF10A and MDA-MB231 increased the expression level of YAP in both nucleus and cytoplasm in a dose dependent manner and particularly on the stiffer substrates. After 72 h, MCF10A reduced mostly the YAP expression in the cytoplasm, whereas it remained high in the nucleus of cells on stiffer substrates. Tumour cells continued to exhibit higher levels of YAP expression, especially in the cytoplasmic compartment, as indicated by the reduction of nuclear/ cytoplasmic ratio of total YAP. Then, we investigated the existence of a correlation between YAP localization and the expression of the nuclear envelope protein lamin A/C, considering its key role in modulating nuclear deformability and changes in YAP shuttling phenomena. As supposed, we found that the effects of radiation on YAP nucleus/cytoplasmic expression ratio, increasing in healthy cells and decreasing in tumour ones, were accompanied by lower and higher lamin A/C levels in MCF10A and MDAMB-231 cells, respectively. These findings point to obtain a deeper knowledge of the role of the extracellular matrix and the effects of X-rays on YAP and lamin A/C expression that can be used in the design of doses and timing of radiation therapy

Endovascular Management of Unintentional Thoracic Aorta Injury

n/

Overview and first year progress of the Widely scalable Mobile Underwater Sonar Technology H2020 project

open20siPubblicazione su rivista di contributo a Convegno -10th IFAC Conference on Control Applications in Marine Systems (CAMS2016)The Widely scalable Mobile Underwater Sonar Technology (WiMUST) project is an H2020 Research and Innovation Action funded by the European Commission. The action's main goal is to develop robotic technologies exploiting Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) for geotechnical surveying and geophysical exploration. The paper briefly describes the project and its state of the art after the first year of activities.openIndiveri, Giovanni; Antonelli, Gianluca; Arrichiello, Filippo; Caffaz, Andrea; Caiti, Andrea; Casalino, Giuseppe; Volpi, Nicola Catenacci; de Jong, Ivan Bielic; De Palma, Daniela; Duarte, Henrique; Gomes, Joao Pedro; Grimsdale, Jonathan; Jesus, Sergio; Kebkal, Konstantin; Kelholt, Elbert; Pascoal, Antonio; Polani, Daniel; Pollini, Lorenzo; Simetti, Enrico; Turetta, AlessioIndiveri, Giovanni; Antonelli, Gianluca; Arrichiello, Filippo; Caffaz, Andrea; Caiti, Andrea; Casalino, Giuseppe; Volpi, Nicola Catenacci; de Jong, Ivan Bielic; De Palma, Daniela; Duarte, Henrique; Gomes, Joao Pedro; Grimsdale, Jonathan; Jesus, Sergio; Kebkal, Konstantin; Kelholt, Elbert; Pascoal, Antonio; Polani, Daniel; Pollini, Lorenzo; Simetti, Enrico; Turetta, Alessi

Widely scalable mobile underwater sonar technology: an overview of the H2020 WiMUST project

The Widely scalable Mobile Underwater Sonar Technology (WIMUST) project is an H2020 Research and Innovation Action funded by European Commission. The project aims at developing a system of cooperative autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) for geotechnical surveying and geophysical exploration. The paper describes the main objectives of the project, given an overview of the methodologies adopted to achieve them, and summarizes the work done in the first year of R&D work

An Observability Metric for Underwater Vehicle Localization Using Range Measurements

The paper addresses observability issues related to the general problem of single and multiple Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) localization using only range measurements. While an AUV is submerged, localization devices, such as Global Navigation Satellite Systems, are ineffective, due to the attenuation of electromagnetic waves. AUV localization based on dead reckoning techniques and the use of affordable motion sensor units is also not practical, due to divergence caused by sensor bias and drift. For these reasons, localization systems often build on trilateration algorithms that rely on the measurements of the ranges between an AUV and a set of fixed transponders using acoustic devices. Still, such solutions are often expensive, require cumbersome calibration procedures and only allow for AUV localization in an area that is defined by the geometrical arrangement of the transponders. A viable alternative for AUV localization that has recently come to the fore exploits the use of complementary information on the distance from the AUV to a single transponder, together with information provided by on-board resident motion sensors, such as, for example, depth, velocity and acceleration measurements. This concept can be extended to address the problem of relative localization between two AUVs equipped with acoustic sensors for inter-vehicle range measurements. Motivated by these developments, in this paper, we show that both the problems of absolute localization of a single vehicle and the relative localization of multiple vehicles can be treated using the same mathematical framework, and tailoring concepts of observability derived for nonlinear systems, we analyze how the performance in localization depends on the types of motion imparted to the AUVs. For this effect, we propose a well-defined observability metric and validate its usefulness, both in simulation and by carrying out experimental tests with a real marine vehicle during which the performance of an Extended Kalman Filter state observer is shown to depend on the types of motion imparted to the vehicle

Adaptive Trajectory Tracking for Quadrotor MAVs in Presence of Parameter Uncertainties and External Disturbances

International audienceThe paper presents an adaptive trajectory tracking control strategy for quadrotor Micro Aerial Vehicles (MAVs). The proposed approach, while maintaining the common assumption of an orientation dynamics faster than the translational one, removes the assumption of absence of external disturbances and of Geometric Center coincident with the Center of Mass. In particular, the trajectory tracking control law is made adaptive with respect to the presence of external forces and moments (e.g., due to wind) and to the uncertainty of parameters of the dynamic model, such as the position of the center of mass. A stability analysis is presented to analytically support the proposed controller, while numerical simulations are provided in order to validate its performance

Migration of Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Co-Polymer in the Urinary Tract Successfully Managed

Selective embolization is the treatment of choice for traumatic renal pseudoaneurysm. The use of ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) was recently described as an embolic agent in peripheral lesions. The aim of a good embolic agent is to: achieve rapid and effective embolization; reach and fill distal vasculature targeted for embolization; be easy to prepare and use. Moreover, it should be highly radiopaque, controllable during administration, biocompatible and cost-effective. EVOH is a non-adhesive embolic agent and its efficacy is independent from the coagulant status. The risk of non-targeted embolization should be reduced by the good radio-opacity of the embolic material that is injected under continuous fluoroscopy. Nevertheless, symptomatic EVOH migration was described. We report a unique case of embolization of a renal pseudoaneurysm and migration of EVOH in the urinary tract. Retrograde trans-urethral removal of the migrated embolic agent was successfully performed. Our case report indicates that EVOH may not be appropriate when a fistula with renal calyx is suspected, even if its migration in the urinary tract may be managed

Multi-Omic Approaches in Colorectal Cancer beyond Genomic Data

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent tumours and one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality globally. Its incidence has increased in recent years and could be linked to unhealthy dietary habits combined with environmental and hereditary factors, which can lead to genetic and epigenetic changes and induce tumour development. The model of CRC progression has always been based on a genomic, parametric, static and complex approach involving oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes. Recent advances in omics sciences have sought a paradigm shift to a multiparametric, immunological-stromal, and dynamic approach for a better understanding of carcinogenesis and tumour heterogeneity. In the present paper, we review the most important preclinical and clinical data and present recent discoveries in the field of transcriptomics, proteomics, metagenomics and radiomics in CRC disease