22 research outputs found
Effects of carbohydrate (CHO) and fat supplementation on CHO metabolism during prolonged exercise
A Multidisciplinary Evaluation of a Virtually Supervised Home-Based High-Intensity Interval Training Intervention in People With Type 1 Diabetes.
OBJECTIVE: Adopt a multidisciplinary approach to evaluate a virtually supervised home-based high-intensity interval training (Home-HIT) intervention in people with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Eleven individuals with type 1 diabetes (seven women; age 30 卤 3 years; VO2peak 2.5 卤 0.2 L/min; duration of diabetes 10 卤 2 years) completed 6 weeks of Home-HIT. A heart rate monitor and mobile phone application were used to provide feedback to the participants and research team on exercise intensity (compliance) and adherence. RESULTS: Training adherence was 95 卤 2%, and compliance was 99 卤 1%. Home-HIT increased VO2peak by 7% (P = 0.017) and decreased insulin dose by 13% (P = 0.012). Blood glucose concentration did not change from baseline to immediately or 1 h post Home-HIT. Qualitative perceptions of Home-HIT and the virtual-monitoring system were positive, supporting that the intervention successfully removed exercise barriers in people with type 1 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: Virtually monitored Home-HIT resulted in high adherence alongside increased VO2peak and decreased insulin dose
Immunofluorescence microscopy to assess enzymes controlling nitric oxide availability and microvascular blood flow in muscle
OBJECTIVE: The net production of NO by the muscle microvascular endothelium is a key regulator of muscle microvascular blood flow. Here, we describe the development of a method to quantify the protein content and phosphorylation of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS content and eNOS ser1177 phosphorylation) and NAD(P)H oxidase expression. METHODS: Human muscle cryosections were stained using antibodies targeting eNOS, p-eNOS ser1177 and NOX2 in combination with markers of the endothelium and the sarcolemma. Quantitation was achieved by analyzing fluorescence intensity within the area stained positive for the microvascular endothelium. Analysis was performed in duplicate and repeated five times to investigate CV. In addition, eight healthy males (age 21 ± 1 year, BMI 24.4 ± 1.0 kg/m2) completed one hour of cycling exercise at ~65%VO2max. Muscle biopsies were taken from the m. vastus lateralis before and immediately after exercise and analyzed using the new methods. RESULTS: The CV of all methods was between 6.5 and 9.5%. Acute exercise increased eNOS serine1177 phosphorylation (fold change 1.29 ± 0.05, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These novel methodologies will allow direct investigations of the molecular mechanisms underpinning the microvascular responses to insulin and exercise, the impairments that occur in sedentary, obese and elderly individuals and the effect of lifestyle interventions
Determinants of the acetate recovery factor: implications for estimation of [13C]substrate oxidation
Effects of creatine loading and prolonged creatine supplementation on body composition, fuel selection, sprint and endurance performance in humans
Probiotic supplementation increases carbohydrate metabolism in trained male cyclists: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over trial
We hypothesised that probiotic supplementation (PRO) increases the absorption and oxidation of
orally ingested maltodextrin during 2h endurance cycling, thereby sparing muscle glycogen for a
subsequent time trial (simulating a road race). Measurements were made of lipid and carbohydrate
oxidation, plasma metabolites and insulin, gastrointestinal permeability, and subjective symptoms of
discomfort. Seven male cyclists were randomized to PRO (bacterial composition given in methods) or
placebo (PLC) for four weeks, separated by a 14-day washout period. After each period, cyclists
consumed a 10% maltodextrin solution (initial 8 mL路kg-1 bolus and 2 mL路kg-1 every 15 min) while
exercising for 2h at 55% Wmax followed by a 100 kJ time trial. PRO resulted in small increases in peak
oxidation rates of the ingested maltodextrin (0.84 卤 0.10 vs 0.77 卤 0.09 g路min-1, P = 0.016), and mean
total carbohydrate oxidation (2.20 卤 0.25 vs 1.87 卤 0.39 g路min-1, P = 0.038), while fat oxidation was
reduced (0.40 卤 0.11 vs 0.55 卤 0.10 g路min-1, P = 0.021) . During PRO small but significant increases were
seen in glucose absorption, plasma glucose and insulin concentration and decreases in NEFA and
glycerol. Differences between markers of GI damage and permeability and time trial performance
were not significant (P > 0.05). In contrast to the hypothesis, PRO led to minimal increases in
absorption and oxidation of the ingested maltodextrin and small reductions in fat oxidation, while
having no effect on subsequent time trial performance
The effect of glutamate infusion on cardiac performance is independent of changes in metabolism in patients undergoing routine coronary artery bypass surgery
Probiotic supplementation increases carbohydrate metabolism in trained male cyclists: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over trial
We hypothesised that probiotic supplementation (PRO) increases the absorption and oxidation of orally ingested maltodextrin during 2h endurance cycling, thereby sparing muscle glycogen for a subsequent time trial (simulating a road race). Measurements were made of lipid and carbohydrate oxidation, plasma metabolites and insulin, gastrointestinal permeability, and subjective symptoms of discomfort. Seven male cyclists were randomized to PRO (bacterial composition given in methods) or placebo (PLC) for four weeks, separated by a 14-day washout period. After each period, cyclists consumed a 10% maltodextrin solution (initial 8 mL路kg-1 bolus and 2 mL路kg-1 every 15 min) while exercising for 2h at 55% Wmax followed by a 100 kJ time trial. PRO resulted in small increases in peak oxidation rates of the ingested maltodextrin (0.84 卤 0.10 vs 0.77 卤 0.09 g路min-1, P = 0.016), and mean total carbohydrate oxidation (2.20 卤 0.25 vs 1.87 卤 0.39 g路min-1, P = 0.038), while fat oxidation was reduced (0.40 卤 0.11 vs 0.55 卤 0.10 g路min-1, P = 0.021) . During PRO small but significant increases were seen in glucose absorption, plasma glucose and insulin concentration and decreases in NEFA and glycerol. Differences between markers of GI damage and permeability and time trial performance were not significant (P > 0.05). In contrast to the hypothesis, PRO led to minimal increases in absorption and oxidation of the ingested maltodextrin and small reductions in fat oxidation, while having no effect on subsequent time trial performance