Airport Security: Over-Reaching New Heights

The tragedy that occurred on September 11, 2001 changed airline security forever. Post 9/11, Congress gave the Department of Homeland Security vast power over passengers. This article seeks to examine whether the new airline security procedures are overly invasive, legal, or even effective. If the current system is ineffective or unconstitutional, an alternative must be sought. The Supreme Court has held that searches are required to be no more extensive or invasive than needed to protect security. This article posits that if new airline security measures are not conducted in a manner that respects the privacy and constitutional rights of passengers, they must be replaced with an alternative, such as behavioral profiling. In modern society, it is paramount that we heed the warning of Benjamin Franklin, "those who would give up essential liberty, to purchase a little temporary safety, deserve neither liberty nor safety.

The Legal Effect of Voluntary Self-Exclusion Programs for Problem Gambers

The voluntary self exclusion program has been designed as one attempt to minimise the harm caused by problem gambling and electronic gaming machines. However, the program’s role as a genuine regulatory response is questionable. Few reporting requirements for gaming corporations and a reliance on an unsophisticated method of detecting self-excluded problem gamblers significantly undermine the purpose of the program. This paper considers the liability of gaming venues and corporations in circumstances where a self-excluded problem gambler has not been successfully excluded from the gaming venue. It is suggested that, in entering into the program, a problem gambler may be under a reasonable expectation that the gaming venue will assist in his or her endeavour to control the problematic gambling. Drawing primarily on the laws of Victoria, this article will discuss how the voluntary self-exclusion program is in need of reform so that it can better act as a harm minimisation mechanism. Further, the article will explore possible legal redress in contract, equity and under the Trade Practices Act 1974 (Cth), for problem gamblers who have participated in an ineffective voluntary self-exclusion program

The Impacts of Seasonality and Nutrient Loading on Microcystis Bloom Development in Wall Pond

The harmful cyanobacteria Microcystis globally dominates eutrophic freshwater systems. Eutrophication leading to nitrogen and phosphorus loading into aquatic systems is increasing bloom propagation and shifting diatom/dinoflagellate dominated systems to cyanobacteria dominated systems. Understanding seasonal variability and environmental parameters combined with nutrient loading will allow for a better understanding of what factors are influencing Microcystis blooms. Biweekly plankton samples and environmental parameters were collected from Wall Pond from spring 2022-spring 2023. Results show that yearly plankton samples shifted from Microcystis dominated in the early summer to diatom dominated in the late summer-early fall then back to Microcystis dominated in late fall-early winter and then became dinoflagellate dominated in late winter-early spring. Results show that summer Microcystis blooms dominated due to increased temperatures and phosphorus, even though nitrogen was low. Microcystis bloomed in the late fall-early winter due to a hurricane that caused nutrient loading. Microcystis blooms dominated when N:P ratios were above Redfield ratio of 16. As N:P ratios and DIN concentrations decreased the system shifted from Microcystis dominated to dinoflagellate dominated. Bioassay results showed dual limitation of nitrogen and phosphorus

Biofilms in Beverage Industry

Over the years, numerous studies have been conducted into the possible links between biofilms in beverage industry and health safety. Consumers trust that the soft drinks they buy are safe and their quality is guaranteed. This chapter provides an overview of available scientific knowledge and cites numerous studies on various aspects of biofilms in drinking water technology and soft drinks industry and their implications for health safety. Particular attention is given to Proteobacteria, including two different genera: Aeromonas, which represents Gammaproteobacteria, and Asaia, a member of Alphaproteobacteria

Food Preservatives from Plants

It has long been shown that phytochemicals protect plants against viruses, bacteria, fungi and herbivores, but only relatively recently we have learnt that they are also critical in protecting humans against diseases. A significant amount of medicinal plants is consumed by humans. As food‐related products, they additionally improve human health and general well‐being. This chapter deals with plant‐derived food preservatives. Particular attention has been paid to the following berry fruits: cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon), bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), black currant (Ribes nigrum), elderberry (Sambucus nigra), cornelian cherry (Cornus mas) and açaí (Euterpe oleracea), as well as the following herbs and spices: peppermint (Mentha piperita), basil (Ocimum basilicum), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), thyme (Thymus vulgaris), nettle (Urtica dioica), cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) bark, cloves (Syzygium aromaticum) and licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) as alternative sources of natural antimicrobial and antibiofilm agents with potential use in food industry. Moreover, we present an overview of the most recent information on the positive effect of bioactive compounds of these plants on human health. This chapter is a collection of essential and valuable information for food producers willing to use plant‐derived bioactive substances for ensuring the microbiological safety of products

Simulating Ion Microtomography Data for Improving Reconstruction Quality

Ion Microtomography (IMT) provides quantitative, fine resolution density imaging of samples for materials characterization. Reconstructed tomographic images are obtained by application of a filtered backprojection algorithm to the collected data. The attainable resolution and data acquisition rate are affected by several parameters. These include the number of ions measured per spot, using either the mean or median residual energy, utilizing Bragg additivity, changing the number of rays or the number of projections and oversampling the data. A tomography simulation computer program is described and used to study the contributions from these effects on the numerical reconstruction of an array of silicon pillars

Non-Conventional Yeasts in Fermentation Processes: Potentialities and Limitations

Traditionally the term ‘yeast’ means Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its close relatives. This yeast is used in traditional fermentation processes, mainly for ethanol formation, baking, winemaking and beer production. The classical carbon substrates for typical yeast processes are glucose or sucrose, however, the successful expansion of industrial biotechnology drives research toward the utilization of alternative carbon sources. New technologies require very specific challenges and differ from those found in conventional fermentation processes. Most microbial habitats, especially in modern biotechnological processes, do not provide culture media rich in mono- and disaccharides. They include fermentation environments with various compositions of carbon and energy sources as well as the presence of various cytotoxic compounds which inhibit the growth of industrial yeasts. About 1500 various yeast species have been identified nowadays. Microbiologists and biotechnologists have named all non-S. cerevisiae yeasts as ‘non-conventional’ yeasts. Their features present a potential that can be used for non-conventional processes. Non-Saccharomyces strains provide alternative metabolic routes for substrate utilization and product formation. The diversity of these yeasts includes many species possessing useful, and sometimes uncommon, metabolic features potentially interesting for biotechnology. The selected strains of non-conventional yeasts could be used as pure or mixed cultures for improving industrial fermentations

Life Coaching: Possibilities for Occupational Therapy Practice

No abstract availabl

Growth of Asaia spp. in Flavored Mineral Water - Evaluation of the Volumetric “Bottle Effectâ€

This study evaluates the growth of acetic acid bacteria Asaia spp. in fruit flavored mineral water in both plastic and glass bottles with different volumes. Two strains of bacteria A. bogorensis and A. lannensis were isolated from spoiled soft drinks. Bacterial growth was analyzed using the plate count method and light microscopy. The results indicate that the tested strains of Asaia spp. exhibit the better growth in the polytereftalate bottles with small volumes: 0.33 L and 0.5 L. The microscopic observations documented that these bacteria are able to form visible cell co-aggregates after 2-week period storage at 25oC. Using glass as packaging material allows for the slower growth of Asaia spp. and contributes to improving the microbiological stability of fruit-flavored mineral waters