Patient‐centered digital biomarkers for allergic respiratory diseases and asthma: The ARIA‐EAACI approach – ARIA‐EAACI Task Force Report

Biomarkers for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with rhinitis and/ or asthma are urgently needed. Although some biologic biomarkers exist in specialist care for asthma, they cannot be largely used in primary care. There are no validated biomarkers in rhinitis or allergen immunotherapy (AIT) that can be used in clinical practice. The digital transformation of health and health care (including mHealth) places the patient at the center of the health system and is likely to optimize the practice of allergy. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) and EAACI (European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology) developed a Task Force aimed at proposing patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) as digital biomarkers that can be easily used for different purposes in rhinitis and asthma. It first defined control digital biomarkers that should make a bridge between clinical practice, randomized controlled trials, observational real-life studies and allergen challenges. Using the MASK-air app as a model, a daily electronic combined symptom-medication score for allergic diseases (CSMS) or for asthma (e-DASTHMA), combined with a monthly control questionnaire, was embedded in a strategy similar to the diabetes approach for disease control. To mimic real-life, it secondly proposed quality-of- life digital biomarkers including daily EQ-5D visual analogue scales and the bi-weekly RhinAsthma Patient Perspective (RAAP). The potential implications for the management of allergic respiratory diseases were proposed.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

MASK (Mobile Airways Sentinel Network), una app móvil con la solución integral de ARIA en países de habla hispana

Aunque existen guías clínicas de alta calidad sobre rinitis alérgica, numerosos pacientes reciben tratamiento deficiente, en parte debido al alto grado de automedicación. MASK (Mobile Airways Sentinel Network) forma parte integral de un proyecto apoyado por la Unión Europea contra las enfermedades crónicas y enfocado al envejecimiento activo y saludable. Constituye la tercera fase de ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma), en la cual mediante una aplicación móvil en un dispositivo inteligente se intenta guiar al paciente en el control de su multimorbilidad, rinitis o conjuntivitis alérgicas o asma. La aplicación Diario de Alergia por MACVIA-ARIA es gratuita y está disponible para Android e iOS; en ella, los pacientes indican diariamente cuánto les molestan los síntomas a través de cinco pantallas con una escala visual análoga; recientemente se agregaron dos pantallas más (afectación del sueño). La aplicación también permite descargar los datos del “Diario de alergias” en la computadora del médico en el momento de la consulta a través de un código QR. En este artículo reseñamos el primer año de experiencia en España, México y Argentina, que utilizan la versión española.Fil: Larenas Linnemann, Désirée. Fundación Clínica Médica Sur; ArgentinaFil: Mullol, Joaquim. Universitat de Barcelona; EspañaFil: Ivancevich, Juan Carlos. Clínica Santa Isabel; ArgentinaFil: Anto, Josep M. Universitat Pompeu Fabra; EspañaFil: Cardona, Victoria. Hospital Vall d’Hebron; EspañaFil: Dedeu, Toni. European Regional and Local Health Association; BélgicaFil: Rodríguez González, Mónica. Hospital Español; MéxicoFil: Huerta Villalobos, Yunuen Rocío. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; MéxicoFil: Neffen, Hugo. Center of Allergy; ArgentinaFil: Fuentes Pérez, José Miguel. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; MéxicoFil: Rodríguez Zagal, Endira. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; MéxicoFil: Valero, Antonio. Universidad de Barcelona; EspañaFil: Zernotti, Mario Emilio. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud; ArgentinaFil: Bartra, Joan. Hospital Clínic; EspañaFil: Alobid, Isam. Hospital de La Fe; EspañaFil: Castillo Vizuete, José Antonio. Hospital Universitari Quirón; EspañaFil: Dordal, Teresa. Hospital Municipal Badalona; EspañaFil: Hijano, Rafael. Hospital del Mar; EspañaFil: Picado, César. European Federation of Allergy and Respiratory; España Diseases PatientsFil: Sastre, Joaquín. Fundación Jiménez Díaz; EspañaFil: Blua, Ariel Eduardo. Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Jares, Edgardo. Sociedad Latinoamericana de Alergia; ArgentinaFil: Lavrut, Alberto Jorge. Hospital General de Niños Pedro de Elizalde; ArgentinaFil: Máspero, Jorge. Fundación Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Alérgicas y Respiratorias; ArgentinaFil: Bedolla Barajas, Martín. Centro Médico Zambrano Hellion; MéxicoFil: Burguete Cabañas, María Teresa. Hospital Ángeles de Puebla; MéxicoFil: García Cobas, Cecilia Yvonne. Hospital Star Médica Aguascalientes; ArgentinaFil: García Cruz, María de la Luz Hortensia. Hospital Ángeles de Puebla; MéxicoFil: Hernández Velázquez, Luiana. 8Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Campus Ensenada; MéxicoFil: Luna Pech, Jorge A. Universidad de Guadalajara; MéxicoFil: Matta, Juan José. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; MéxicoFil: Mogica Martínez, María Dolores. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; MéxicoFil: Rivero Yeverino, Daniela. Universidad Autónoma de Puebla; ArgentinaFil: Ruiz, Lucy Tania. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; MéxicoFil: Del Río Navarro, Blanca E. Hospital Infantil de México; MéxicoFil: Gómez Vera, Javier. Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado; MéxicoFil: Macías Weinmann, Alejandra. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León; MéxicoFil: Murray, Ruth. MedScript Ltd; IrlandaFil: Onorato, Gabrielle. MACVIA-France; FranciaFil: Laune, Daniel. Kyomed; FranciaFil: Bedbrook, Anna. MACVIA-France; FranciaFil: Bousquet, Jean. Université Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines; Franci

Executive Summary of ARIA 2019: Integrated care pathways for allergic rhinitis in Argentina, Spain and Mexico

El impacto sanitario y económico de las enfermedades alérgicas está aumentando rápidamente y se necesitan cambios en las estrategias para su manejo. Su influencia reduce al menos en un tercio la capacidad de desempeño laboral y escolar. Los ICP (Vías Integradas de Atención) de las enfermedades de las vías respiratorias son planes de atención estructurados y multidisciplinarios, que promueven las recomendaciones de las guías en protocolos locales y su aplicación a la práctica clínica. En este documento se presenta un resumen ejecutivo para Argentina, México y España. Se desarrollan las guías ARIA de próxima generación para el tratamiento farmacológico de la rinitis alérgica (RA) utilizando las pautas basadas en GRADE para RA, probadas con evidencia de la vida real proporcionada por tecnología móvil basada en escalas visuales analógicas. Se concluye que en el tratamiento de la RA, los antihistamínicos anti-H1 son menos efectivos que los corticoides intranasales (CINS), que en la rinitis grave los CINS representan la primera línea de tratamiento, y que la combinación intranasal de CINS + anti-H1 es más eficaz que la monoterapia. Sin embargo, según el estudio MASK observacional en vida real, los pacientes tienen pobre adherencia al tratamiento y frecuentemente se automedican de acuerdo con sus necesidades.The health and economic impact of allergic diseases are increasing rapidly, and changes in management strategies are required. Its influence reduces the capacity of work and school performance by at least a third. The ICPs of the airways (integrated care pathways for respiratory diseases) are structured multidisciplinary healthcare plans, promoting the recommendations of the guidelines in local protocols and their application to clinical practice. This document presents an executive summary for Argentina, Mexico, and Spain. Next-generation ARIA guidelines are being developed for the pharmacological treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR), using the GRADE-based guidelines for AR, tested with real-life evidence provided by mobile technology with visual analogue scales. It is concluded that in the AR treatment, H1-antihistamines are less effective than intranasal corticosteroids (INCS), in severe AR the INCS represent the first line of treatment, and intranasal combination INCS + anti-H1 is more effective than monotherapy. However, according to the MASK real-life observational study, patients have poor adherence to treatment and often self-medicate, according to their needs

Sex differences between women and men with COPD: A new analysis of the 3CIA study

BACKGROUND: There is partial evidence that COPD is expressed differently in women than in men, namely on symptoms, pulmonary function, exacerbations, comorbidities or prognosis. There is a need to improve the characterization of COPD in females. METHODS: We obtained and pooled data of 17 139 patients from 22 COPD cohorts and analysed the clinical differences by sex, establishing the relationship between these characteristics in women and the prognosis and severity of the disease. Comparisons were established with standard statistics and survival analysis, including crude and multivariate Cox-regression analysis. RESULTS: Overall, 5355 (31.2%) women were compared with men with COPD. Women were younger, had lower pack-years, greater FEV$_{1}$%, lower BMI and a greater number of exacerbations (all p < 0.05). On symptoms, women reported more dyspnea, equal cough but less expectoration (p < 0.001). There were no differences in the BODE index score in women (2.4) versus men (2.4) (p = 0.5), but the distribution of all BODE components was highly variable by sex within different thresholds of BODE. On prognosis, 5-year survival was higher in COPD females (86.9%) than in males (76.3%), p < 0.001, in all patients and within each of the specific comorbidities that we assessed. The crude and adjusted RR and 95% C.I. for death in males was 1.82 (1.69-1.96) and 1.73 (1.50-2.00), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: COPD in women has some characteristic traits expressed differently than compared to men, mainly with more dyspnea and COPD exacerbations and less phlegm, among others, although long-term survival appears better in female COPD patients

Adherence to inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting β2-agonists in asthma: A MASK-air study

International audienceIntroduction: Adherence to controller medication is a major problem in asthma management, being difficult to assess and tackle. mHealth apps can be used to assess adherence. We aimed to assess the adherence to inhaled corticosteroids+long-acting β2-agonists (ICS+LABA) in users of the MASK-air® app, comparing the adherence to ICS+formoterol (ICS+F) with that to ICS+other LABA. Materials and methods: We analysed complete weeks of MASK-air® data (2015-2022; 27 countries) from patients with self-reported asthma and ICS+LABA use. We compared patients reporting ICS+F versus ICS+other LABA on adherence levels, symptoms and symptom-medication scores. We built regression models to assess whether adherence to ICS+LABA was associated with asthma control or short-acting beta-agonist (SABA) use. Sensitivity analyses were performed considering the weeks with no more than one missing day. Results: In 2598 ICS+LABA users, 621 (23.9%) reported 4824 complete weeks and 866 (33.3%) reported weeks with at most one missing day. Higher adherence (use of medication ≥80% of weekly days) was observed for ICS+other LABA (75.1%) when compared to ICS+F (59.3%), despite both groups displaying similar asthma control and work productivity. The ICS+other LABA group was associated with more days of SABA use than the ICS+F group (median=71.4% versus 57.1% days). Each additional weekly day of ICS+F use was associated with a 4.1% less risk in weekly SABA use (95%CI=-6.5;-1.6%;p=0.001). For ICS+other LABA, the percentage was 8.2 (95%CI=-11.6;-5.0%;p<0.001). Conclusions: In asthma patients adherent to the MASK-air app, adherence to ICS+LABA was high. ICS+F users reported lower adherence but also a lower SABA use and a similar level of control

Cabbage and fermented vegetables: From death rate heterogeneity in countries to candidates for mitigation strategies of severe COVID-19

Large differences in COVID-19 death rates exist between countries and between regions of the same country. Some very low death rate countries such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, or the Balkans have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods. Although biases exist when examining ecological studies, fermented vegetables or cabbage have been associated with low death rates in European countries. SARS-CoV-2 binds to its receptor, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). As a result of SARS-CoV-2 binding, ACE2 downregulation enhances the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R) axis associated with oxidative stress. This leads to insulin resistance as well as lung and endothelial damage, two severe outcomes of COVID-19. The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is the most potent antioxidant in humans and can block in particular the AT1R axis. Cabbage contains precursors of sulforaphane, the most active natural activator of Nrf2. Fermented vegetables contain many lactobacilli, which are also potent Nrf2 activators. Three examples are: kimchi in Korea, westernized foods, and the slum paradox. It is proposed that fermented cabbage is a proof-of-concept of dietary manipulations that may enhance Nrf2-associated antioxidant effects, helpful in mitigating COVID-19 severity.</p