A new Early Devonian spinose phacopid trilobite from Limekilns, New South Wales: morphology, affinities, taphonomy and palaeoenvironment

Paciphacops (Paciphacops) crawfordae n.sp. is a distinctive spinose phacopid trilobite of late Pragian (Early Devonian) age from the deepwater, dysaerobic Rosedale Shale, Limekilns district, New South Wales. It is characterised by short occipital, genal and intergenal spines on the cephalon, and short thoracic spines on the axial rings and pleurae. Various combinations of such spines are developed in P. (Paciphacops) serratus Foerste (Lochkovian, New South Wales; Ludlovian, Kazakhstan?) and P. (Paciphacops) claviger Haas (Siegenian, Nevada), but the three species cannot be shown to be related

New and Revised Llandovery (Early Silurian) Rugose Corals from Central Western New South Wales

Revision of some of the early Silurian rugose coral faunas from central western New South Wales and study of additional new collections warrants the introduction of a number of new taxa and some previous generic assignments need to be updated. The new cystiphyllinid genus Gephyrelasma  McLean is proposed, comprising type species  Dentilasma ramosum  McLean and  G. stevensi  McLean sp. nov. The new kodonophyllid genus  Vitiliphyllum   McLean, with type species  V. jenkinsi   McLean sp. nov., and the new arachnophyllid genus  Latomiphyllum  McLean, with type species  Arachnophyllum  ?  epistomoides  Etheridge, are introduced. Additional new species include the tryplasmatids  Aphyllum ulahense  McLean and  A. picketti  McLean, as well as the ptychophyllinid  Ptychophyllum sutorense  McLean.  Grewingkia neumani   McLean is now regarded as a probable representative of the kodonophyllid  Cyatholasma  Ivanovskiy, while  Dentilasma honorabile  Ivanovskiy sensu McLean is now only tentatively assigned to that species. Since the original studies of the coral faunas, there has been considerable revision of the lithostratigraphy and biostratigraphy of the relevant sequences. The most current interpretations are reviewed and summarized here

Phylum arthropoda, subphylum trilobitomorpha: trilobites

This volume is the second of three that provide a complete review and inventory of New Zealand\u27s entire living and fossil biodiversity - an international effort involving more than 220 New Zealand and overseas specialists and the most comprehensive of its kind in the world. Together, the three volumes will list every one of the almost 55,000 known species of New Zealand\u27s animals, plants, fungi and micro-organisms. Volume 2 mostly deals with the major branch of the animal kingdom known as Ecdysozoa (moulting animals), which includes arachnids, centipedes and millipedes, crustaceans and insects. It also includes the enigmatic phylum Chaetognatha (arrow worms) and concludes with a chapter on the fossil traces - ichnofossils - of ancient animal activities. All three volumes are affiliated with Species 2000, an international scientific project with the long-term goal of enumerating all known species on Earth into one seamless list - the Catalogue of Life, a kind of online biological telephone directory.To date, only New Zealand has compiled a checklist of its entire biota. Approximately 52% of this country\u27s species are endemic - found only in New Zealand\u27s freshwater, marine, and land environments. We have a responsibility to the global community to preserve this unique heritage or taonga. But further than that, all of our species - including many of the naturalised aliens included in the survey - are important to New Zealand\u27s economy, ecology and well-being. Written for the advanced high-school and tertiary-level reader, these volumes are intended to be a kind of \u27Cooks Tour\u27 of the kingdoms and phyla of life that will, it is hoped, provide an appreciation of the wondrous diversity of nature

Soybean Gall Midge in Nebraska

Soybean gall midge (Resseliella maxima Gagné) was described in 2019 as a new insect species in Nebraska, due to observations of widespread early season injury in eastern Nebraska, eastern South Dakota, western Iowa, and southwest Minnesota soybean fields (Gagné et al., 2019). Since its discovery, soybean gall midge has been causing significant injury and yield losses in soybean in eastern Nebraska. Although only recently identified, soybean gall midge is not likely new to the north- central region of the U.S. In 2011, orange larvae were documented in some isolated fields in northeast Nebraska that had received hail damage during the early half of the growing season. Similar reports were made in 2016 and 2017 in eastcentral Nebraska. Prior to 2018, reports of orange larvae in soybean were confined to the late reproductive stages of a few dead or dying plants. In 2018, several observations were made that raised concerns that soybean gall midge should be designated as a pest of soybean (McMechan et al. 2021). Unlike previous years where damaged plants were found later in the growing season, injured plants were observed in late June and early July. Soybean plants with larval presence exhibit signs of wilting and death, with the greatest frequency of symptomatic plants occurring along field borders adjacent to fields that had been planted to soybean the previous year. In many cases, the presence of dense vegetation (trees, uncut bromegrass, and/or shrubs) along field borders was associated with an increased frequency and intensity of plant injury. As a new species, several knowledge gaps must be bridged in order to development an integrated pest management strategy for soybean gall midge (McMechan et al. 2021) Year- to- year variability in the duration of emergence and injury from soybean gall midge has made it difficult to identify an effective control strategies. In 2018, soybean plants were hand- harvested from a heavily infested field in Saunders County, Nebraska, where a yield loss of 92%, was estimated for a section of the field in the first 100 feet from the field edge (compared to historical yields). Yield losses of 31% and 20% at 200 and 400 feet into the field, respectively, were also recorded (McMechan et al. 2021). Additional yield loss may also occur from early pod shatter from infested plants that mature ahead of the rest of the crop as well as lodging from weakened stems. As of 2020, soybean gall midge had been found in 114 counties in five states, with 39 counties infested in eastern Nebraska (Fig. 1). The distribution of soybean gall midge has increased each year since its discovery, although the extent of field injury is typically far less in newly identified counties

Structural changes in the human stria vascularis induced by aminoglycosides and loop diuretics

The human stria vascularis has been examined both by scanning and transmission electron microscopy in normal controls and from individuals who had received loop diuretics, aminoglycoside antibiotics or some combination of the two prior to their deaths. The tissues were preserved by perilymphatic perfusion of fixative within an hour of death and preservation was adequate. The normal ultrastructure is described and does not differ significantly from that found in experimental animals. The loop diuretics are associated with structural changes that cannot be distinguished from those found in animals treated with large doses of the same drugs. The aminoglycosides caused some changes, but the patients had been in renal failure and this probably contributed to the structural alterations. The combination of a loop diuretic and aminoglycoside was associated with a range of alterations from mild to severe. Overall, the three treatment groups had a series of ultrastructural changes resembling those found in animal models thereby justifying the use of experimental animals to predict human ototoxicity

First aid strategies that are helpful to young people developing a mental disorder: beliefs of health professionals compared to young people and parents

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Little is known about the best ways for a member of the public to respond when someone in their social network develops a mental disorder. Controlled trials are not feasible in this area, so expert consensus may be the best guide.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>To assess expert views, postal surveys were carried out with Australian GPs, psychiatrists and psychologists listed on professional registers and with mental health nurses who were members of a professional college. These professionals were asked to rate the helpfulness of 10 potential first aid strategies for young people with one of four disorders: depression, depression with alcohol misuse, social phobia and psychosis. Data were obtained from 470 GPs, 591 psychiatrists, 736 psychologists and 522 mental health nurses, with respective response rates of 24%, 35%, 40% and 32%. Data on public views were available from an earlier telephone survey of 3746 Australian youth aged 12–25 years and 2005 of their parents, which included questions about the same strategies.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A clear majority across the four professions believed in the helpfulness of listening to the person, suggesting professional help-seeking, making an appointment for the person to see a GP and asking about suicidal feelings. There was also a clear majority believing in the harmfulness of ignoring the person, suggesting use of alcohol to cope, and talking to them firmly. Compared to health professionals, young people and their parents were less likely to believe that asking about suicidal feelings would be helpful and more likely to believe it would be harmful. They were also less likely to believe that talking to the person firmly would be harmful.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Several first aid strategies can be recommended to the public based on agreement of clinicians about their likely helpfulness. In particular, there needs to be greater public awareness of the helpfulness of asking a young person with a mental health problem about suicidal feelings.</p

Interference microscopy highlights properties and peculiarities of SAPO STA-7 crystals: Interference microscopy highlights properties and peculiarities ofSAPO STA-7 crystals

In the framework of this study a new generation of SAPO STA-7 crystals has been investigated with the help of Interference Microscopy. The ability of the abovementioned technique to record intracrystalline concentration profiles during uptake/release of guest molecules revealed oddities of the system under study. In other words, these crystals have the tendency to break in the middle, enhancing in this way diffusion. On the other hand, molecules have to confront high surface barriers when they try to diffuse through the other sides of the crystal, where it is not broken

The Chief HR Officer’s Role in CEO Succession: The View from the Board

Interviews with 22 members of public and private company boards revealed their beliefs about and expectations for CHROs in the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) succession process. Board members distinguished between credible CHROs who can add significant value to the process and those CHROs who they do not want to see included in almost any aspect of the process. When credible, board members want CHROs to have confidential conversations with the current CEO, to create processes and development plans for potential successors, and to provide their own independent insights regarding candidate strengths and weaknesses. Directors noted that CHROs who add value must display expertise, honesty, transparency, courage, and the ability to build trusting relationships

Effects of early gestation GH administration on placental and fetal development in sheep.

Ovine GH (oGH) is synthesized in placental tissue during maximal placental growth and development. Our objectives were to localize oGH mRNA in the placenta, and study the impact of exogenous GH on twin pregnancies during the normal window (35-55 days of gestational age; dGA) of placental expression. In situ hybridization localized oGH mRNA in uterine luminal epithelium but not in tissues of fetal origin. While maternal GH and IGF-I concentrations were increased (

Managing COVID-19 related distress in primary care:principles of assessment and management

COVID-19 will cause normal feelings of worry and stress and many of those who experience higher levels of distress will experience resolution of their symptoms as society returns to pre-COVID-19 functioning. Only a minority are likely to develop a psychiatric disorder. Certain individuals may be vulnerable to experiencing persisting symptoms, such as those with pre-existing comorbidity. Management approaches could centre around using collaborative approaches to provide and build on already existing socioeconomic support structures, the avoidance of over-medicalisation, watchful waiting and finally treating those who do meet the criteria for psychiatric diagnosis. Primary care clinicians are likely be the first healthcare point of contact for most COVID-19 related distress and it is important that they are able to provide evidence based and evidence informed responses, which includes social, psychological and pharmacological approaches. This expert opinion paper serves to summarise some approaches, based primarily on indirect extrapolation of evidence concerning the general management of psychological distress, in the absence of COVID-19 specific evidence, to assist primary care clinicians in their assessment and management of COVID-19 related distress