CONCENTRAÇÃO SÉRICA DE PROGESTERONA PARA DIAGNÓSTICO PRECOCE DE GESTAÇÃO NA CABRA DOMÉSTICA

Com o objetivo de determinar variações na concentração sérica de progesterona de cabras gestantes ou vazias, primíparas ou multíparas, e com gestação simples ou gemelar, utilizaram-se dezesseis cabras da raça Saanen, para avaliação do momento mais adequado para diagnóstico gestacional pela técnica de dosagem de progesterona por radioimunoensaio. Para isso calcularam-se as médias das concentrações de progesterona desde o dia do acasalamento (dia 0) até o 60o dia, fazendo-se a comparação dos valores entre cabras gestantes e não-gestantes, entre cabras primíparas e multíparas, e entre cabras com gestação simples e com gestação gemelar. A concentração média de progesterona nas cabras gestantes e não-gestantes no 23o dia pós-acasalamento foi de 7,86 ± 0,18 ng/ml e 0,12 ± 2,60 ng/ml, respectivamente, apresentando diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre elas (p<0,05). Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre primíparas e multíparas ou entre cabras com gestação simples e gemelar.
 PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Cabra, gestação, progesterona

Guinea grass and its effects on the initial growth of Eucalyptus × urograndis clones

Esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da convivência de capim-colonião sobre o crescimento inicial de plantas de clones de eucalipto. Foram instalados dois ensaios com mudas de clones de eucalipto e de capim-colonião, que cresceram em parcelas delimitadas lateralmente por paredes de alvenaria preenchidas com terra. O primeiro ensaio obedeceu ao delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições, e tratamentos em esquema fatorial 5 x 2 (cinco clones de eucalipto, e a ausência ou presença de duas plantas de capim-colonião plantadas a 10 cm da muda de eucalipto). O segundo ensaio foi semelhante ao primeiro, porém, com apenas três clones de eucalipto, cinco repetições, e tratamentos em esquema fatorial 3 x 2 (três clones de eucalipto e a ausência ou presença de capim-colonião). Os clones de eucalipto não afetaram de modo diferenciado o crescimento de capim-colonião, sendo que aqueles que conviveram com a planta daninha não apresentaram diferença no seu desenvolvimento, igualando-os quando sob competição. As características dos clones de eucalipto mais sensíveis à convivência com capim-colonião foram: área foliar, matéria seca de folhas e caule. O clone 3 foi o que se mostrou mais sensível à convivência com capim-colonião e o clone 1 mais tolerante, porém todos os clones estudados tiveram influência negativa da convivência com capim-colonião.This study aimed to evaluate the guinea grass effect ( Panicum maximum ) on the initial growth of different Eucalyptus × urograndis clones. Two assays were established with eucalyptus clones and guinea grass seedlings. The plants were grown in plots with cement borders filled with soil. Each plot received a eucalyptus seedling. The first assay had a completely randomized experimental design, with three replications, and treatments in a 5x2 factorial scheme (five eucalyptus clones and the absence or presence of two guinea grass plants at 10 cm distance from eucalyptus seedling). The second assay was similar to the first, however with three eucalyptus clones. The experimental design was completely randomized, with five replications, and a 3x2 factorial scheme (three eucalyptus clones and the absence or presence of two guinea grass plants). The presence of eucalyptus clones did not affect guinea grass development. The eucalyptus clones that coexisted with guinea grass plants did not show differences in their development, making the clones equal when under competition. The most susceptible characteristics of eucalyptus clones to guinea grass were foliar area, shoot and stem dry matter. Clone 3 showed the most sensitivity to guinea grass, and clone 1 was the most tolerant, but all clones studied suffered a negative interference from guinea grass

Capim-colonião e seus efeitos sobre o crescimento inicial de clones de eucalyptus × urograndis

This study aimed to evaluate the guinea grass effect (Panicum maximum) on the initial growth of different Eucalyptus × urograndis clones. Two assays were established with eucalyptus clones and guinea grass seedlings. The plants were grown in plots with cement borders filled with soil. Each plot received a eucalyptus seedling. The first assay had a completely randomized experimental design, with three replications, and treatments in a 5x2 factorial scheme (five eucalyptus clones and the absence or presence of two guinea grass plants at 10 cm distance from eucalyptus seedling). The second assay was similar to the first, however with three eucalyptus clones. The experimental design was completely randomized, with five replications, and a 3x2 factorial scheme (three eucalyptus clones and the absence or presence of two guinea grass plants). The presence of eucalyptus clones did not affect guinea grass development. The eucalyptus clones that coexisted with guinea grass plants did not show differences in their development, making the clones equal when under competition. The most susceptible characteristics of eucalyptus clones to guinea grass were foliar area, shoot and stem dry matter. Clone 3 showed the most sensitivity to guinea grass, and clone 1 was the most tolerant, but all clones studied suffered a negative interference from guinea grass

Capim-colonião e seus efeitos sobre o crescimento inicial de clones de Eucalyptus × urograndis

Esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da convivência de capim-colonião sobre o crescimento inicial de plantas de clones de eucalipto. Foram instalados dois ensaios com mudas de clones de eucalipto e de capim-colonião, que cresceram em parcelas delimitadas lateralmente por paredes de alvenaria preenchidas com terra. O primeiro ensaio obedeceu ao delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições, e tratamentos em esquema fatorial 5 x 2 (cinco clones de eucalipto, e a ausência ou presença de duas plantas de capim-colonião plantadas a 10 cm da muda de eucalipto). O segundo ensaio foi semelhante ao primeiro, porém, com apenas três clones de eucalipto, cinco repetições, e tratamentos em esquema fatorial 3 x 2 (três clones de eucalipto e a ausência ou presença de capim-colonião). Os clones de eucalipto não afetaram de modo diferenciado o crescimento de capim-colonião, sendo que aqueles que conviveram com a planta daninha não apresentaram diferença no seu desenvolvimento, igualando-os quando sob competição. As características dos clones de eucalipto mais sensíveis à convivência com capim-colonião foram: área foliar, matéria seca de folhas e caule. O clone 3 foi o que se mostrou mais sensível à convivência com capim-colonião e o clone 1 mais tolerante, porém todos os clones estudados tiveram influência negativa da convivência com capim-colonião.This study aimed to evaluate the guinea grass effect (Panicum maximum) on the initial growth of different Eucalyptus × urograndis clones. Two assays were established with eucalyptus clones and guinea grass seedlings. The plants were grown in plots with cement borders filled with soil. Each plot received a eucalyptus seedling. The first assay had a completely randomized experimental design, with three replications, and treatments in a 5x2 factorial scheme (five eucalyptus clones and the absence or presence of two guinea grass plants at 10 cm distance from eucalyptus seedling). The second assay was similar to the first, however with three eucalyptus clones. The experimental design was completely randomized, with five replications, and a 3x2 factorial scheme (three eucalyptus clones and the absence or presence of two guinea grass plants). The presence of eucalyptus clones did not affect guinea grass development. The eucalyptus clones that coexisted with guinea grass plants did not show differences in their development, making the clones equal when under competition. The most susceptible characteristics of eucalyptus clones to guinea grass were foliar area, shoot and stem dry matter. Clone 3 showed the most sensitivity to guinea grass, and clone 1 was the most tolerant, but all clones studied suffered a negative interference from guinea grass

Molecular epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus isolates at different sites in the milk producing dairy farms

The epidemiological relationships between isolated Staphylococcus aureus strains in milk samples of dairy cows, reagent to California Mastitis Test, individual and group milk was demonstrated in different sites of the production fluxogram, in 12 milk-producing farms in the Gameleira region, municipality of Sacramento MG Brazil, so that localization and transmission modes may be identified. Two hundred and forty-four strains out of 446 samples collected at several sites were isolated and bio-chemically characterized as coagulase-positive staphylococcus. Specific chromosome DNA fragment of the species Staphylococcus aureus was amplified to 106 strains and 103 underwent (PFGE). Samples' collection sites with the highest isolation frequency of Staphylococcus aureus strains comprised papillary ostia (31.1%), CMT-reagent cow milk (21.7%), mechanical milking machines' insufflators (21,7%), milk in milk pails (6.6%) and the milk in community bulk tanks (5.6%). Genetic heterogeneity existed among the isolated 103 Staphylococcus aureus strains, since 32 different pulse-types were identified. Pulse-type 1 had the highest similarity among the isolated strains within the different sites of the milk-production fluxogram. Highest occurrence of pulsetype 1 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus strains was reported in samples collected from the papillary ostia (10.6%), followed by milk samples from CMT-reagent dairy cows (5.8%) and mechanical milking machine insufflators (3.8%). The above shows the relevance of these sites in the agents' transmission mechanism within the context of the farms investigated.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Discrimination of soybean seed lots by multivariate exploratory techniques

Physiological potential characterization of seed lots is usually performed by germination and vigor tests; however, the choice of a single test does not reflect such potential, once each test assesses seeds of differentiated mode. Multivariate techniques allow understanding structural dependence contained in each variable, as well as characterize groups of seed lots according to specific standards. The study aimed at evaluating variability among soybean seed lots and discriminate these lots by multivariate exploratory techniques as function of seed vigor. Experiment was performed with 20 soybean seed lots (10 lots cv. BRS Valiosa RR and 10 lots cv. M-SOY 7908 RR). Seed physiological potential was assessed by testing for: germination (standard, and under different water availability); vigor (accelerated aging and electrical conductivity); and field seedling emergence. Cluster analysis of seed lots, as well as Principal Component Analysis was performed using data obtained on all tests. Multivariate techniques allowed stratifying seed lots into two distinct groups. Principal Component Analysis showed that values obtained for variables: field seedling emergence, accelerated aging, and germination under different water availability were linked to BRS Valiosa RR; while to variables germination and electrical conductivity, were linked to M-SOY 7908 RR

Discrimination of soybean seed lots by multivariate exploratory techniques

Physiological potential characterization of seed lots is usually performed by germination and vigor tests; however, the choice of a single test does not reflect such potential, once each test assesses seeds of differentiated mode. Multivariate techniques allow understanding structural dependence contained in each variable, as well as characterize groups of seed lots according to specific standards. The study aimed at evaluating variability among soybean seed lots and discriminate these lots by multivariate exploratory techniques as function of seed vigor. Experiment was performed with 20 soybean seed lots (10 lots cv. BRS Valiosa RR and 10 lots cv. M-SOY 7908 RR). Seed physiological potential was assessed by testing for: germination (standard, and under different water availability); vigor (accelerated aging and electrical conductivity); and field seedling emergence. Cluster analysis of seed lots, as well as Principal Component Analysis was performed using data obtained on all tests. Multivariate techniques allowed stratifying seed lots into two distinct groups. Principal Component Analysis showed that values obtained for variables: field seedling emergence, accelerated aging, and germination under different water availability were linked to BRS Valiosa RR; while to variables germination and electrical conductivity, were linked to M-SOY 7908 RR.A caracterização do potencial fisiológico de lotes de sementes geralmente é feita por meio dos testes de germinação e vigor; entretanto, a escolha de um único teste não reflete este potencial, pois cada teste avalia as sementes de um modo diferenciado. Técnicas multivariadas permitem compreender a dependência estrutural, contida nas variáveis, bem como caracterizar grupos de lotes de sementes segundo padrões específicos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi explorar a variabilidade entre lotes de sementes de soja e discriminar estes lotes, em função do potencial fisiológico das sementes, por meio de técnicas exploratórias multivariadas. O experimento foi realizado com 20 lotes de sementes de soja (10 lotes cv. BRS Valiosa RR e 10 lotes cv. M-SOY 7908 RR). O potencial fisiológico das sementes foi avaliado pelos testes de: germinação (padrão, e sob diferentes níveis de disponibilidade hídrica); vigor (envelhecimento acelerado, condutividade elétrica) e emergência de plântulas no campo. Utilizando os dados obtidos nesses testes foi feita a análise de agrupamento dos lotes de sementes, bem como de seus principais componentes. As técnicas multivariadas permitiram a estratificação dos lotes de sementes em dois grupos distintos. A Análise de Componentes Principais mostrou que as variáveis: emergência das plântulas no campo; envelhecimento acelerado; e germinação sob diferentes níveis de disponibilidade hídrica estão mais associadas ao cv. BRS Valiosa RR, enquanto que para as variáveis germinação e condutividade elétrica, associaram-se ao cv. M-SOY 7908 RR