Educar para a paz na adolescência : contributo para a lecionação da unidade letiva 4 : Paz Universal : do 7º ano do 3º ciclo do Ensino Básico

O ser humano continua à procura da Paz e da felicidade. Atualmente fala-se tanto de Paz e esta continua tão distante. Paz, uma das palavras mais repetidas frente à inclemência de guerras, violência, desunião familiar e étnica. Um dos caminhos que conduz à felicidade é sem dúvida a Paz, um bem muito almejado e tantas vezes pouco possuído. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo encontrar caminhos onde também as sensações ajudem a conduzir à Paz, para que este anseio profundo da humanidade possa ser alcançado. Centramo-nos na adolescência, uma fase de (re)adaptações e por ser o alvo das aulas de Educação Moral Religiosa Católica. A condição humana poderá colocar-se sob as regras naturais e as dos meios culturais de gestão da vida. As respostas a situações que os seres humanos vão inventando por vezes traduzem conflitos. São apresentadas cada vez mais propostas inovadoras, variando entre as solidárias e as egoístas. Nos países mais desenvolvidos do mundo, grupo das quais Portugal faz parte, parece não haver tanta preocupação com a questão do ser mas, sobretudo com o ter. Curiosamente parece haver um declínio discrepante quando nos questionamos e aos alunos sobre a Paz consigo próprio. A Paz individual é caminho para a felicidade. Neste contexto, vamos explorar algumas propostas tendo por base sensações que se traduzem em emoções propostas pelo cristianismo. A disciplina de Educação Moral e Religiosa Católica apresenta-se pois como caminho educativo para que a partir também das sensações se possa encorajar, treinar e praticar o comportamento altruísta. Partindo do coração, lugar da intervenção de Deus, alicerçamos a construção da Paz. O enquadramento criado leva-nos a apresentar uma proposta de lecionação para a Unidade Letiva quatro do 7.º ano do programa de Educação Moral e Religiosa Católica – A Paz universal.The human being continues to seek peace and happiness. There is so much talk about peace today and it continues so far. Peace, one of the most repeated words in the face of the inclemency of wars, violence, family and ethnic disunity. One of the paths that leads to happiness is undoubtedly peace, a very longed for and often so little possessed. The aim of the present work is to find ways in which sensations also help lead to peace, so that this deep yearning for humanity can be achieved. We focus on adolescence, a phase of (re) adaptation and for being the target of the EMRC (Catholic Religious Moral Education) classes. The human condition may be placed under the natural rules and those of the cultural means of managing life. The responses to situations that humans are inventing sometimes translate into conflict. More and more innovative proposals are presented, ranging from solidarity to selfish. In the most developed countries of the world, a group of which Portugal is a part, there seems to be less concern for the question of being, but especially about having. Curiously, there seems to be a discrepant decline when we question the students about peace with themselves. The Individual peace is the way to happiness. In this context, we will explore some proposals based on feelings that translate into emotions proposed by Christianity. The discipline of EMRC (Moral and Catholic Religious Education) is therefore an educational path so that from the sensations, it is possible to encourage, train and practice altruistic behavior. Starting from the heart, place of the intervention of God, we base the construction of peace. The framework created leads us to present a teaching proposal for the Letiva Unit four of the 7th year of the Catholic Moral and Religious Education program- Universal Peace

Characterization of spatio-temporal epidural event-related potentials for mouse models of psychiatric disorders.

Distinctive features in sensory event-related potentials (ERPs) are endophenotypic biomarkers of psychiatric disorders, widely studied using electroencephalographic (EEG) methods in humans and model animals. Despite the popularity and unique significance of the mouse as a model species in basic research, existing EEG methods applicable to mice are far less powerful than those available for humans and large animals. We developed a new method for multi-channel epidural ERP characterization in behaving mice with high precision, reliability and convenience and report an application to time-domain ERP feature characterization of the Sp4 hypomorphic mouse model for schizophrenia. Compared to previous methods, our spatio-temporal ERP measurement robustly improved the resolving power of key signatures characteristic of the disease model. The high performance and low cost of this technique makes it suitable for high-throughput behavioral and pharmacological studies

Teoria da vulnerabilidade de redes hidráulicas de abastecimento de água (TVRHAA)

O objectivo deste trabalho é apresentar a Teoria da Vulnerabilidade de Redes Hidráulicas de Abastecimento de Água (TVRHAA) e, em particular, os seus principais fundamentos teóricos. O contributo da sua utilização prende-se com o projecto de redes hidráulicas de abastecimento de água (RHAA) mais robustas sendo igualmente um importante auxiliar na gestão mais eficiente destes sistemas e atendendo a que as partes mais vulneráveis de uma RHAA são identificadas

Vulnerability assessment of real water distribution networks using the TV-WPN informatics tool

The design, operation and rehabilitation of water supply systems must have an asset management strategy, addressing hydraulic, technical, economic, social, environmental, and health issues with a high level of complexity. The vulnerability assessment and the resilience increment of a water distribution networks can be supported by the emerging Theory of Vulnerability of Water Pipe Networks (TV-WPN), which allows to systematize failure scenarios and map the major disproportions between failure consequences and the initial damage. Failure scenarios are defined leading simultaneously with hydraulic capacity deterioration and structural integrity, the main issues of water networks safety. The manual application of TV-WPN is almost impossible to be used in real-world water networks. So, it was initially tested using only simple theoretical networks, needing a new and more expeditious tool (like an automatic computation program) that could encourage its use by designers and managers of this type of hydraulic infrastructure. The recent development of the TV-WPN software tool allowed to speed up the calculation process, enabling the application of this theory to real water supply networks. This work presents the application of tool to a real water distribution network located in a village of Braga municipality for analyze their hydraulic performance and vulnerability, as well as to check and evaluate TV-WPN performance in a real-world case. It was concluded that the frequent presence of pipelines with very low flow velocities (due to the imposition of regulatory minimum diameters) can compromise the successful application of this software to real water distribution networks, namely in rural areas where flow rates are generally lower. However it is also an opportunity for future developments

TV WPN : programa de cálculo automático para análise da vulnerabilidade de redes de abastecimento de água

A aplicação da teoria da vulnerabilidade a redes de abastecimento de água reais é um procedimento complexo e moroso, tornando imperativo o desenvolvimento de ferramentas informáticas que agilizem e automatizem esse processo. O programa de cálculo automático que está a ser desenvolvido, designado por TV WPN (Theory of Vulnerability of Water Pipe Networks), constitui um importante estímulo à inclusão do estudo da vulnerabilidade e da avaliação do risco na conceção, dimensionamento e reabilitação de sistemas de abastecimento de água. Até à data, a aplicação desta teoria restringia-se apenas a exemplos de teste correspondentes a redes fictícias de abastecimento de água, com geometria simples e um limitado número de troços. Com esta nova ferramenta, tais limitações podem ser ultrapassadas, pois o tempo de computação torna-se significativamente mais rápido, mesmo considerando redes reais complexas. Deste modo, o aprofundamento e validação dos fundamentos desta teoria podem ganhar um forte e decisivo impulso, permitindo explorar o seu promissor potencial de aplicação às redes hidráulicas em geral, assumindo-se o novo paradigma da gestão do risco em sistemas urbanos de águas

Sustainability indicators of subsurface flow constructed wetlands in Portuguese small communities

The discharge of untreated domestic wastewater in the receiving waters creates a negative and environmental impact, inversely proportional to its autodepuration ability. Conventional wastewater treatment plants involve large capital investments and operating costs, and could be economically unsustainable for small-medium communities. So, constructed wetlands as natural low-cost systems can be an appropriate alternative, because they require low maintenance, give rise to good performances and provide a natural appearance. This work presents a synthesis of data obtained through an extensive survey performed in twenty Portuguese constructed wetlands utilities. Based on this information, some sustainable indicators and removal pollutant efficiencies were calculated. Besides identifying the main operational problems observed, it was also possible to detect inadequate monitoring procedures, aiming, with some proposed corrections, to improve the performance of these low-cost wastewater treatment utilities. The results obtained in this work encourage the development of future studies to increase the performance of these wastewater systems based on a better knowledge of the influence of hydraulic parameters, like flow, retention time and hydraulic application rate, in the pollutants removal efficiencies.(undefined

Study of retention-treatment basins in highways: case study of A24 (northern Portugal)

In runoff water from highways are diluted several pollutants, that can affect groundwater resources, that depend on the traffic, as well as, on the automobile wear, type of road, infrastructure installed and waterproofing area. These discharges have impacts on the environment. To mitigate such impacts usually there are used retention/treatment basins. In this paper there was analyzed runoff water quality and the efficiency of five basins located in a highway in northern Portugal, in a sensitive area, where are explored mineral waters. It was verified that the results are according with Portuguese legislation in terms of limits of discharge. The treatment efficiency of theses basins is good. The obtained results from the previous analyses were compared with others case studies with different traffic volume and different precipitation patterns

Performance evaluation of Portuguese constructed wetlands for municipal wastewater treatment

Constructed wetlands have been used as a technology appropriate for the treatment of municipal or domestic wastewater in some villages in Portugal. Most of constructed wetlands present a low cost (installation and maintenance), low energy requirements and technical skills of operators, environment friendly landscape, and good efficiency and reduced production of sludge. In a situation where is a need of appropriate wastewater treatment from a large number of rural villages, it is appropriate to evaluate the performance of some constructed wetlands systems operate in Portugal, in order to validate them as a credible alternative to conventional methods of wastewater treatment. This work presents a characterization of twenty constructed wetlands, an analysis of unit costs of treatment and the unit areas, and proceeds to the evaluation of their efficiency on the main wastewaters quality parameters. Moreover, the analysis identifies the major operational problems of these systems, suggesting a few mitigating measures and/or corrective to both the improvement of its operation, and the streamlining of its procedures for an accurate monitoring.(undefined

Caracterização geotécnica dos solos da Região de Bom Jesus, Luanda, Angola

Este trabalho tem como principal objectivo, contribuir para a caracterização geológica e geotécnica dos maciços terrosos da região de Bom Jesus, uma das principais áreas interessadas pela futura expansão urbana da cidade de Luanda em Angola, com a finalidade de identificar as potenciais zonas de risco associadas à instabilidade de taludes. A área de estudo fica situada na região de Bom Jesus, província de Luanda, município do Icolo-Bengo, tendo como acesso a estrada nacional (EN120) que liga as cidades de Luanda e N’dalatando, e a estrada principal de Bom Jesus, a qual atravessa a área em estudo. Na área ocorre uma série sedimentar com uma espessura que admite-se poder ser superior a 4000 m e que está assente em discordância sobre o soco cristalino Pré-Câmbrico, sendo constituída por distintas sequências correspondentes a diferentes condições na deposição das formações sedimentares da Bacia do Kwanza, com idades entre o Cretácico inferior e o Quaternário [Morais, 1993]

Contribution for the vulnerability assessment of water pipe network systems

Water pipe network systems are key public utilities which require being robust, protected and preserved. Knowing their weaknesses will help these processes. The theory of vulnerability of water pipe networks can contribute in this context because it is able to map the vulnerable parts of this type of system. The meaning of vulnerability has been defined as being the disproportionateness of the failure consequences in relation to the initial damage and, in particular, its theoretical concepts. The main objectives of this paper are to briefly introduce this theory, to illustrate its application highlighting its potential. The application of the theory is presented using an example of a simple water pipe network. In a real water supply utility, where the vulnerabilities of WPN components are less evident, the identification of the most vulnerable ones may play an important contribution as support decision during WPN design period and for a sustainable infrastructure asset management. Further work is in progress to account for different type of damage and consequences and thus manage risks due to failure scenarios not identified by the classical theories