Cricket community acoustics: a new tool to detect invasive ants.

Relatório curricular de mestrado (Análises Clínicas), apresentado á Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de CoimbraO presente trabalho apresenta as atividades desenvolvidas no âmbito do estágio curricular, inserido no Mestrado em Análises Clínicas da Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Coimbra. O referido estágio realizou-se no Laboratório de Análises Clínicas do Centro de Saúde Militar de Coimbra, de Dezembro de 2014 a Maio de 2015, sob a orientação do Dr. Mário João Roque. Neste relatório serão apresentados os métodos usados na execução das análises, a sua importância clínica, a organização diária e o sistema de gestão de qualidade implementado no laboratório. Serão desenvolvidos de modo mais detalhado os sectores de hematologia e bioquímicaThe present work exposes the activities developed in the internship within the context, of the Master´s degree of Clinical Analysis, of the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra. The training was performed at the Clinical Analysis Laboratory of Centro de Saúde Militar of Coimbra, from December to May 2015, under the supervision of Dr. Mario João Roque. In this report will be present the methods used in the execution of laboratorial assays, the clinical interest of the laboratory test, the daily organization and quality management system implemented in the laboratory. This report presents a more detailed description of the hematology and biochemistry sector

Maintien à long terme des communautés d'insectes forestiers dans un contexte de changement global : Réponses écologiques des communautés d'Orthoptères dans une succession forestière et face à la progression d'espèces invasives

In the context of global biodiversity crisis at world scale, research of efficient environmental proxies are urgently required, especially in tropical island ecosystems, to better assess environment quality and select conservation priorities. In New Caledonia ecosystems, crickets have a dominant contribution to natural communities, according to their richness, diversity and range of colonized habitats. They are highly abundant in ecosystems and also have a high contribution to the soundscape with their ability to produce species-specific airborne signals. In this context of search of efficient environmental proxies, we measured the response of cricket communities in a ecological succession on utlramafic soils and facing the spread of 2 invasive ants (Wasmannia auropunctata and Anoplolepis gracilipes). Through both classical community census and bioacoustic approach through passive acoustic monitoring, we have been able to characterize specific cricket assemblage of species in each succession stage, with a striking sensitivity for biological invasions. Also, a global acoustic analysis of soundscape, greatly dominated by crickets, provides similar results without taxonomic or acoustic identification or knowledge. These preliminary results provide critical insights for the management of ecosystems, Our findings open up promising field of research in order to generalized innovative bio-indication concepts using cricket community in other cricket rich tropical regionsPlus de 150 espèces de grillons (Ensifères, Orthoptères) sont présentes en Nouvelle-Calédonie avec un taux d’endémisme de 90%. Cette microfaune, abondante dans les milieux forestiers et sensible aux conditions biotiques et abiotiques, peuvent être des bio-indicateurs de premier choix dans le suivi de la biodiversité. L’échantillonnage et l’enregistrement de l’activité acoustique (méta-acoustique) des communautés sous différentes conditions écologiques (invasions biologiques et dynamique forestière) est la base de ce travail de thèse.En bioacoustique : quelle est l’activité acoustique des communautés grillon en Nouvelle-Calédonie ? Cette activité varie-t-elle en fonction de la structure de la végétation (maquis, para-forestier et forêt dense) ? Finalement, est-ce que cette activité acoustique peut se décrire sous forme de « niches acoustiques », avec les paramètres du chant (temporels et spectraux), le nycthémère (l’heure de la journée) et les indices comportementaux (les postes de chants, le bruit ambiant) ?Fourmis invasives : est-ce que les fourmis envahissantes (Wasmannia auropunctata, Anoplolepis gracilipes et Pheidole megacephala) impactent les densités relatives et la diversité spécifique des populations d’Orthoptères ? Si oui, est-ce un phénomène de compétition par prédation directe (sur les œufs, juvéniles ou adultes) ou par compétition indirecte (site de chant et site de repos indisponible, accès à la reproduction réduit) ?Nous avons 3 principaux objectifs : (1) Taxonomie : accumuler des connaissances sur cette microfaune peu connue qui présente un taux d’endémisme supérieur à 90%. Créer et enrichir une collection de base et de référence sur les Orthoptères de Nouvelle-Calédonie ; (2) Ecologie fonctionnelle : déterminer l’impact des changements globaux (fourmis invasives et structure forestière) sur la dynamique et la structure des populations d’Orthoptères ; (3) Gestion du patrimoine : créer un outil de mesure non-invasif de la biodiversité des forêts néo-calédoniennes et de l’état des écosystèmes grâce à la bioacoustique de cette microfaune

Crickets of New Caledonia (Insecta, Orthoptera, Grylloidea): a key to genera, with diagnoses of extant genera and descriptions of new taxa

International audienceno abstrac

Crickets (Insecta, Orthoptera, Grylloidea) from Southern New Caledonia, with descriptions of new taxa

International audienceIntensive sampling of cricket communities has been undertaken in southern New Caledonia in selected plots of vegetation, i.e. rain forest, preforest and maquis shrubland. This leads to the discovery of many new taxa, which are described in the present paper, together with closely related species from nearby areas. Descriptions are based on general morphology and characters of genitalia. Calling songs are described for all acoustic taxa but two, and observations about species habitats are given. In total, 35 species belonging to 13 genera are studied, including 21 new species and two new genera. The pattern of assemblages of cricket species in New Caledonia is discussed

Zebragryllus intermedius Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp.

<i>Zebragryllus intermedius</i> Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp. <p>(Figs 2 K, 3G, 4I, J, 5D, 7E–I, 8D)</p> <p>http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera.speciesfile.org:TaxonName:464247</p> <p> <b>Type locality.</b> Peru, Loreto, Iquitos.</p> <p> <b>Type material. Holotype:</b> Peru, Loreto, Iquitos, Route de Nauta, km 9, 1 male, 29.viii.1985, jour, L. Desutter (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3187). <b>Allotype:</b> same data as the holotype, 1 female, jour (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3188). <b>Paratypes. 2 males, 2 females:</b> Same data as the holotype, 1 male, 1 female (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3189, 3190); same locality as the holotype, 1 female, 30.viii.1985, jour, L. Desutter (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3191). Peru, Route de Nauta, km 5, 1 male, 30.viii.1985, jour, L. Desutter (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3281).</p> <p> <b>Additional specimens examined.</b> Same data as the holotype, 1 juvenile female, 27.viii.1985, jour, L. Desutter. MNHN.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Western Amazonia, Peru (dept. Loreto).</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> Species named after its pattern of coloration, intermediate between dark species and ”zebra” species.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Species very close to <i>Z. fuscus</i> Desutter-Grandcolas, <b>n. sp.</b>, from which it can be separated by its bigger size and its white pattern of FIII outer side (Fig. 3 G). It can be separated from other ”zebra” species by the lack of transverse white band on FIII, and white tergite in females (Fig. 5 D). Male genitalia only slightly different from <i>Z. fuscus</i> Desutter-Grandcolas, <b>n. sp.</b> Female copulatory papilla short, its distal margin distinctly concave and distal angles acute (Fig. 7 E, F).</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> In addition to the characters of the genus. Base of antennae (30–36 antennomeres, mean 33 in males and females) and the scape dark brown, before a short white white ring (14–16 antennomeres). Basitarsomeres III with 4–5 inner, and 5–7 in males (mean 6.2) and 5–6 in females (mean 5.8) outer dorsal spines, in addition to apical ones. Head and body coloration shining black; maxillary palpi black brown; cerci black, somewhat lighter at base, but without a distinct clear basal ring; FI and FII black, with sometimes an indistinct lighter area on outer side; TI and TII somewhat reddish; FIII with a whitish band along outer margin, and an oblique one near outer basis; TIII dark reddish brown, with lighter spurs.</p> <p> <b>Male:</b> FW not covering the tip of subgenital plate; mirror as in <i>Z. fuscus</i> Desutter-Grandcolas <b>n. sp.</b>; stridulatory file with about 106 teeth (n=1). Subgenital plate as on Fig. 2 K.</p> <p> <b>Male genitalia:</b> Very close to that of <i>Z. fuscus</i> Desutter-Grandcolas, <b>n. sp.</b> (compare Fig. 4 G, H and 3I, J), but distal margin of pseudepiphallic parameres more straight, and median lophi slightly longer and less curved dorsally.</p> <p> <b>Female:</b> Apterous. Abdomen shining black without white pattern (Fig. 5 D). Subgenital plate wider than long, deeply concave distally; with acute and protruding lateral angles (Fig. 7 E, F).</p> <p> <b>Female genitalia.</b> Copulatory papilla short, subquadrangular, and somewhat thick; apex slightly concave (Fig. 7 G–I).</p> <p> <b>Measurements (in mm).</b></p> <p> <b>Calling song.</b> One male has been recorded in the field at 27°C (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3187). The calling song (Fig. 8 D) is comprised of series of short echemes. Echeme duration is 0.05 ms, echeme period is 0.12±0.01 ms and duty cycle is 41%. Each echeme is composed of 3 syllables each with the duration of 0.01 ms, period 0.02 and the duty cycle is 50%; the dominant frequency of the calling song is 6.1 kHz.</p>Published as part of <i>Desutter-Grandcolas, Laure, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Jaiswara, Ranjana & Anso, Jeremy, 2014, Zebragryllus Desutter-Grandcolas & Cadena-Casteñada, n. gen. a new Gryllinae genus from Eastern and Western Amazonia, South America (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Gryllidae), pp. 1-22 in Zootaxa 3768 (1)</i> on pages 19-20, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3768.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/285592">http://zenodo.org/record/285592</a&gt

Crickets as indicators of ecological succession in tropical systems, New Caledonia

International audienceCrickets (Ensifera, Grylloidea) are not commonly used as ecological indicators in contrary to other Orthoptera (e.g., grasshoppers and katydids). However, they are sensitive to environmental changes and abundant in tropical regions. To evaluate whether crickets are relevant bioindicators of tropical ecosystems, we investigated cricket assemblages along a tropical ecological gradient. We collected crickets during both day and night in southern New Caledonia for three stages of ecological succession: open shrubland, preforest, and forest. Simultaneously, we measured several environmental variables, such as temperature and relative humidity, at each sampling site. Cricket species assemblages showed a clear response to ecological succession. The highest and lowest species richness and abundances of individuals were, respectively, found in forest and shrubland, with species specialized in each ecological stage revealing the conservation value of each of these stages. Similar results were found when considering only the part of cricket communities with the ability to acoustically communicate. This work is part of a larger research program about Neocaledonian crickets and contributes to support the use of acoustic approaches to monitor tropical environments. In conclusion, these findings highlight the potential value of crickets as an environmental indicator in tropical ecosystems. The results also contribute to the discussion of the intrinsic conservational value of shrublands in New Caledonia and similar ecotypes.Bien que d’autres groupes d’orthoptères soient largement utilisés comme bioindicateur, les grillons sont peu considérés dans les études écologiques. Pourtant, les grillons sont à la fois sensibles aux changements environnementaux et très abondants dans les régions tropicales. Dans cette étude, nous avons décrit les assemblages de grillons le long d’un gradient écologique en milieu tropical. Nous avons collecté les individus en période nocturne et diurne, sur 12 sites, et dans trois formations végétales du Sud de la Nouvelle Calédonie : le maquis, le paraforestier et le forestier. Des variables environnementales comme la température et l’humidité relative ont été collectées simultanément aux relevés de grillons. Les assemblages de grillons montrent une réponse très claire à la succession environnementale, suivant le gradient écologique, avec une diversité d’espèce et une abondance d’individus plus élevées en milieu forestier qu’en milieu maquis. Chaque stade du gradient écologique montre un assemblage unique d’espèces. Des résultats similaires sont obtenus en ne considérant que la part de la communauté des grillons qui utilisent l’acoustique pour communiquer. Ces résultats, interprétés à la lumière de travaux complémentaires faisant parties du même programme de recherche sur les grillons de Nouvelle-Calédonie, supporte l’analyse de relevés acoustiques pour évaluer l’état des milieux. En conclusion, les résultats soutiennent l’intérêt des grillons comme indicateurs écologiques du milieu tropical. Ces résultats contribuent également à la reconnaissance de la valeur intrinsèque des maquis en terme de conservation de la biodiversité en Nouvelle-Calédonie et dans des écotypes similaires

Zebragryllus fuscus Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp.

Zebragryllus fuscus Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp. (Figs 2 D, J, 3 F, 4 G, H, 7 A–D). http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera.speciesfile.org:TaxonName: 464245 Type locality. Peru, Ampiyacu, Brillo Nuevo. Type material. Holotype: Peru, Région de l’Ampiyacu, en aval du confluent des rios Zumun et Yahuasyacu, Brillo Nuevo, 1 male, 28.x. 1985, parcelle K 13 ans (10 ans après abandon, chasse jour, L. Desutter, MNHN-EO- ENSIF 3185. Paratype: 1 male. Same data as the holotype, 1 male, 26.x. 1985, MNHN-EO-ENSIF 3186. Diagnosis. Wholly dark species, with a faint lighter band (never whitish and contrasted) along the outer, lower margin of hindfemora (Fig. 3 F). Male: FW mirror wider than long, distinct although divided into several distal cells (Fig. 2 D); stridulatory file with about 112 teeth (n= 1). Male genitalia: Pseudepiphallic sclerite more elongate and narrow than in “zebra” species (Fig. 4 G), its anterior margin deeply concave, the median lophi short and the lateral lophi dejected laterally (Fig. 4 H); pseudepiphallic parameres going beyond lateral lophi; ectophallic fold short, not reaching the paramere distal margin; ectophallic apodemes not very long; endophallic apodeme almost vertical between ectophallic apodemes. Distribution. Western Amazonia, Peru (dept. Loreto). Etymology. Species named after its dark pattern of coloration. Description. In addition to the characters of the genus. Scapes and base of antennae (30–33 antennomeres) light brown, before a short white ring (9–10 antennomeres). Basitarsomeres III with 4–5 inner (mean 5) and 6–7 outer (mean 6) dorsal spines, in addition to apical ones. Coloration wholly dark brown to black, the pronotum the darkest; legs a little lighter, with a lighter, reddish brown, band along FIII outer margin (Fig. 3 F); head dark reddish brown (HT) or black (PT), with a lighter area above epistemal suture; maxillary palpi wholly brown. Male. FWs covering subgenital plate tip. Mirror distinct, subdivided into several cells (Fig. 2 D). Subgenital plate shorter and higher than in other species of the genus (Fig. 2 J). Male genitalia. Pseudepiphallic sclerite wider than long; distance between the inner base of median lophi and their connection to lateral lophi more than twice their own length (Fig. 4 G); median lophi about as long as lateral lophi; in lateral view, median lophi with a thumb-like upper process, and a squared lower process (Fig. 4 H); lateral lophi acute, much shorter than the pseudepiphallic parameres (Fig. 4 H); ectophallic fold regularly narrowed toward apex. Female. Unknown. Measurements (in mm). Remark. Males taken in the same area as the holotype but in an older cultivated plot (23 years old after being abandoned) or in mature forest (Monte alta) show distinct genitalia, with shorter median lophi, and a more contrasted pattern of coloration, which could justify describing them as a distinct species. Females from the same plots have a short subgenital plate with acute distal angles (Fig. 7 A, B) and a very distinct copulatory papilla, subrectangular with concave distal margin (Fig. 7 C, D). Specimens examined. Same data as the holotype, but: parcelle I, 23 ans (20 ans après abandon), 1 male, 23.x. 1985, piège détergent, nuit; parcelle J, 53 ans (50 ans après abandon), 1 female, 23.x. 1985, jour, 1 female, 25.x. 1985, piège détergent nuit; 1 female, 12.xi. 1985, parcelle R, 18 ans (15 ans après abandon), piège détergent nuit; monte alta [parcelle] E, 1 male, 1 female, 10.x. 1985, jour, 1 female, 11.x. 1985, jour, L. Desutter. MNHN.Published as part of Desutter-Grandcolas, Laure, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Jaiswara, Ranjana & Anso, Jeremy, 2014, Zebragryllus Desutter-Grandcolas & Cadena-Casteñada, n. gen. a new Gryllinae genus from Eastern and Western Amazonia, South America (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Gryllidae), pp. 1-22 in Zootaxa 3768 (1) on pages 17-19, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3768.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/28559

Zebragryllus nouragui Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp.

Zebragryllus nouragui Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp. (Figs 2 C, H, I, 3 E, 4 E, F, 5 C, 6 K–D’, 8 C, Table 1) http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera.speciesfile.org:TaxonName: 464249 Type locality. French Guiana, Arataye, 8 km NE pied du saut Parare, Réserve des Nouragues. Type material. Holotype: French Guiana, Arataye, 8 km NE pied du saut Parare, 1 male, pinotière, 4.vi. 1988, jour, L. Desutter & P. Grandcolas (MNHN-EO-ENSIF 3176). Allotype: Same data as holotype, 1 female (MNHN-EO-ENSIF 3177). Paratypes, 5 males, 1 female: Same locality as the holotype; 1 male, pinotière, 4.vi. 1988, jour, L. Desutter & P. Grandcolas (MNHN-EO-ENSIF 3182); 1 male, 4.iv. 1988, jour, L. Desutter (MNHN-EO-ENSIF 3181); 13.vi.1988, 1 female, piège détergent, nuit, L. Desutter & P. Grandcolas (MNHN-EO-ENSIF 3178); 15.vi.1988, 1 male, piège détergent, jour, L. Desutter & P. Grandcolas (MNHN-EO-ENSIF 3179); 19.vi.1988, 1 male, nuit, L. Desutter & P. Grandcolas (MNHN-EO- ENSIF 3180); 15.vii.2011, 1 male, jour, parcelle P 8, fn 16, L. Desutter-Grandcolas & J. Anso (MNHN-EO- ENSIF 3183). Additional material examined. Same locality as the holotype, 6.vii.2011, 1 male, jour, Parcelle 6, fn 5, recorded (L. Desutter-Grandcolas and J. Anso, MNHN-EO-ENSIF 3184). French Guiana, Arataye, affluent Approuagues, aval du saut Parare, 1 male, 3.vii. 1988, nuit; 1 male, 8.vii. 1988, nuit; 1 male, 1 female, 9.vii. 1988, jour; 2 males, 14.vii. 1988, jour; 1 male, 20.vii. 1988, nuit, L. Desutter & P. Grandcolas, MNHN. French Guiana, Sentier Limonade, forêt sur pente, 1 female, 15.viii. 1988, nuit; forêt inondable, remblais d’orpaillage, 1 female, 16.viii. 19888, jour, L. Desutter & P. Grandcolas, MNHN. French Guiana, île de Cayenne, Montagne de Mahury, 1 female, 20.vii. 1991, forêt, litière, nuit, P. Grandcolas. MNHN. Distribution. Eastern Amazonia, French Guiana. Etymology. Species named after its type locality in French Guiana. Diagnosis. Large, black and white species, with antennae black brown basally. Maxillary palpi dark brown, except for white joint 4. Male. FWs covering almost the whole abdomen; mirror much wider than long, including few distal cells (Fig. 2 C); stridulatory file with 96 teeth (n= 1). Male genitalia. Median lophi short and thick, rounded dorsally (Fig. 4 E); dorsal and ventral angles acute, distal margin concave (Fig. 4 F); lateral lophi quite long, abruptly narrowed before apex; pseudepiphallic parameres club-shaped, longer than lateral and median lophi (Fig. 4 F). Female. FWs present. Body dark brown; mesonotum and tergite 3 white (Fig. 5 C), the former often hidden by the FWs. Subgenital plate distal angles acute (Fig. 6 K, L). Female genitalia. Copulatory papilla having the shape of a small, sclerotized ring (Fig. 6 S–U). Description. In addition to the characters of the genus: Head dark brown. Large “zebra” species, with dark antenna base. TIII with 4–5 (mean 4.3 in females, 4.4 in males) inner, and 5 outer subapical spurs, the 5 th inner most often much smaller when present. Basitarsomeres III with 3–4 (females, mean 3.3) and 3–5 (males, mean 4) inner, and 5 (females) and 4–6 (males, mean 5) outer dorsal spines in addition to apical spines. Coloration. Head and pronotum black brown. Antennae brown, with a short white ring far from basis (17–18 white antennomeres in females (mean 17.5) and 9–17 in males (mean 14.3), after 23–30 in females (mean 27) and 29–34 in males (mean 31.8) dark brown antennomeres; scapes yellowish brown and dark brown. Maxillary palpi dark brown, joint 4 and sometimes tip of joint 5 white. TI, TII dark brown. FI, FII dark brown with a large white patch on inner and outer sides. TIII and basitarsomeres III dark brown with lighter spurs. FIII dark brown (Fig. 3 E), lower margin white, this longitudinal band wide on both inner and outer sides, interrupted before TIII apical fourth, and connected to the white transverse band at about three fourth of FIII length, and to the white oblique band close to FIII base. Cerci black brown, lighter at base. Male. FWs covering almost the whole abdomen, only the tip of subgenital plate visible dorsally; harp crossed by two transverse, almost parallel veins; mirror clearly delimited and separated from apical field (Fig. 2 C). Subgenital plate short and truncate (Fig. 2 H). Male genitalia. Pseudepiphallic sclerite very transverse, the distance between the base of median lophi and the anterior margin of the sclerite very short (Fig. 4 E). Median lophi (Fig. 4 E, F) short and quite thick in dorsal view, their inner margins rounded; in lateral view, median lophi with dorsal and aventral angles acute, the dorsal angle curved, not straight, and thin, not thumb like. Lateral lophi abruptly thinner well before apex (Fig. 4 F). Pseudepiphallic parameres longer than median and lateral lophi in lateral view. Pseudepiphallic apodemes not as short as in other species of the genus. Ectophallic apodemes long and partly fused dorsally; apodeme on top of dorsal cavity short between ectophallic apodemes. Female. FWs present, covering about half metanotum, partly overlapping; dorsal and lateral fields with several parallel, longitudinal veins; transverse veins sparse. Body dark brown; mesonotum and tergite 3 with a wide, uninterrupted white band (Fig. 5 C), the former often hidden by FWs. Ovipositor quite long for the genus. Subgenital plate transverse; distal margin truncate and deeply emaginate; distal angles acute (Fig. 6 K, L). Female genitalia. Copulatory papilla resembling that of Z. nauta Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp. from Peru, having the shape of a small, wide ring (Fig. 6 S–U). Measurements (in mm). Calling song. Seven calling songs of Z. nouragui Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp. have been recorded in the field (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3183, 3184). Members of this species produce long echemes (Fig. 8 C), i.e. composed of 114– 200 syllables. Towards the end of each echeme there is a distinct increase in the amplitude of syllables making each echeme appear like a trumpet. Measured calling song features are listed in Table 1. No. of records Time Temp. (°C) Syllable duration (ms) Syllable period (ms) Syllable duty cycle (%) Z. nouragui _003 11 h00 24.8 0.01 0.02 50 Z. nouragui _006 09h 10 23.7 0.01 ± 0.001 0.05±0.66 14 Z. nouragui _009 16 h 45 27.3 0.01 ± 0.001 0.02 50 Z. nouragui _014 11 h 20 25.1 0.01 ± 0.001 0.02 ± 0.003 50 Z. nouragui _024 10 h 55 24.3 0.01 ± 0.004 0.03 ± 0.02 44 Z. nouragui _025 11 h 20 24.8 0.01 ± 0.001 0.02±0.03 48 Z. nouragui _027 08h00 23.3 0.01 ± 0.002 0.02 ± 0.02 47 continued. No. of records No. of syllables/ Echeme duration Echeme period Echeme duty Dominant frequency echeme (ms) (ms) cycle (kHZ) Z. nouragui _003 138 ± 26 2.99 ± 0.6 3.71 ± 0.9 80 4.8 ± 0.1 Z. nouragui _006 164 ± 41 6.48 ± 0.8 16.2 ± 0.8 23 4.7 ± 0.1 Z. nouragui _009 167 ± 9 3.32 ± 0.2 3.66 ± 0.2 91 5 ± 0.1 Z. nouragui _014 230 ± 46 5.72 ± 0.88 5.92 ± 0.77 97 5.1 ± 0.2 Z. nouragui _024 200 ± 40 6.43 ± 0.9 7.64 ± 4.9 84 4.8 ± 0.3 Z. nouragui _025 144 ± 24 3.2 ± 0.6 3.65 ± 0.7 85 5 ± 0.2 Z. nouragui _027 114 ± 14 2.62 ± 0.3 2.81 ± 1 93 4.7 ± 0.4 Variation. In one very small male from the type locality, the ectophallic fold is largely visible between the median lophi of pseudepiphallus. The shape of the other parts of the genitalia are otherwise similar to that of the other males. The specimens originating from Saut Parare are very similar to the specimens from the Nourague by their male genitalia, size and ovipositor length; coloration is also very similar, but with smaller white spots on FI, II. The female copulatory papilla and subgenital plate are however slightly different: the subgenital plate of Saut Parare female has acute lateral angles (Fig. 6 M, N), and the copulatory papilla is shorter and higher (Fig. 6 V–X). The identification of these specimens as Z. nouragui Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp. will have to be checked, especially with the recording of the male calling song. In the same way, one male from Arataye shows a slightly different subgenital plate (Fig. 2 I), higher and with a more rounded dorsal margin than the Nouragues males (Fig. 2 H). Finally, the females from Saül on one hand, and Montagne Mahury on the other are very similar to the females of Z. nouragui Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp., but present some differences in the shape of copulatory papilla (see Fig. 6 Y–D’) and subgenital plate (Fig. 6 O–R), in addition to a longer white antennal ring (more than 20 white antennomeres).Published as part of Desutter-Grandcolas, Laure, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Jaiswara, Ranjana & Anso, Jeremy, 2014, Zebragryllus Desutter-Grandcolas & Cadena-Casteñada, n. gen. a new Gryllinae genus from Eastern and Western Amazonia, South America (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Gryllidae), pp. 1-22 in Zootaxa 3768 (1) on pages 11-13, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3768.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/28559

Zebragryllus nauta Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp.

Zebragryllus nauta Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp. (Figs 2 E, L, 3 H, 4 K, L, 5 E, F, 7 J–N) http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera.speciesfile.org:TaxonName: 464248 Type locality. Peru, Loreto, Iquitos. Type material. Holotype: Peru, Loreto, Iquitos, route de Nauta km 9, 1 male, 24.viii. 1985, chasse de jour, L. Desutter (MNHN-EO-ENSIF 3280). Allotype: Same locality and collector as the holotype, 1 female, 29.viii. 1985, piège détergent (MNHN-EO-ENSIF 3279). Distribution. Western Amazonia, Peru, dept. Loreto. Etymology. Species named after its type locality. Noun in apposition. Diagnosis. Within the genus, very small species easily recognized by its coloration (head and pronotum shining dark brown, antennae brown, legs light yellowish brown without white marks, including FIII, Fig. 3 H; female pattern little contrasted). Male. FWs entirely covering the abdomen, going slightly beyond subgenital plate; coloration light yellowish brown, translucent, with yellowish or brown veins. Stridulatory file with 65 teeth (n= 1). Male genitalia. Pseudepiphallic sclerite long and triangular; lateral lophi dejected ventrally and not visible dorsally (Fig. 4 K, L). Female. FWs long, reaching tergite 2 mid length, slightly overlapping (Fig. 5 F); venation reticulate. Abdomen brown, tergite 3 yellowish (Fig. 5 E). Female genitalia. Copulatory papilla rounded, with a ventral subapical, transverse crest (Fig. 7 L–N). Description. In addition of the characters of the genus: General coloration shining brown; head dark brown, area above epistemal suture, a thin line around the eyes and the area below antennal pits yellow, antennae light brown (no white ring before 70 antennomeres, where antennae are cut in the specimens at hand); maxillary palpi: joints 3 and 4 light brown, joint 5 light brown basally, otherwise black brown with yellowish distal margin; pronotum dark brown; legs light yellowish brown; cerci brown, their bases lighter. Basitarsomeres III with 4–5 (male) and 3 (female) inner, and 5–6 in male and 4–5 in female outer dorsal spines, in addition to apical ones. Male. FWs entirely covering the abdomen, going slightly beyond subgenital plate; coloration light yellowish brown, translucent, with yellowish or brown veins. Mirror wider than long, subdivided into several cells (Fig. 2 E); stridulatory file with 65 teeth (n= 1). Subgenital plate as on Fig. 2 L. Male genitalia. Pseudepiphallic sclerite long and triangular (Fig. 4 K, L); median lophi regularly narrowed toward apex; lateral lophi very short and completely dejected ventrally (thus no more visible dorsally, Fig. 4 K); pseudepiphallic anterior margin deeply concave, but squared; pseudepiphallic parameres very short, in very anterior location; ectophallic apodemes long, making a kind of half cylinder around the endophallic sclerite; ectophallic fold narrow over its whole length, truncated apically. Female. FWs quite long for the genus, reaching tergite 2 mid length, slightly overlapping (Fig. 5 F); venation reticulate; FWs whitish brown, translucid, the lateral part of dorsal field lighter, veins brown. Abdomen brown, tergite 3 yellowish (Fig. 5 E). Subgenital plate wider than long; distal margin slightly concave (Fig. 7 J–K). Female genitalia. Copulatory papilla having the shape of a thick almost circular sclerite, with a transverse preapical carina on ventral side (Fig. 7 L–N); spermathecal duct widened basally. Measurements (in mm). Lpron wpron LFW wFW LFIII wFIII LTIII File Holotype 1.6 2.5 5.6 3.8 5.7 2,2 3.8 65 Lpron wpron LFW LFIII wFIII LTIII Lovip Allotype 1.6 2.3 1.2 6 2.2 3.8 3.7Published as part of Desutter-Grandcolas, Laure, Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J., Jaiswara, Ranjana & Anso, Jeremy, 2014, Zebragryllus Desutter-Grandcolas & Cadena-Casteñada, n. gen. a new Gryllinae genus from Eastern and Western Amazonia, South America (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Gryllidae), pp. 1-22 in Zootaxa 3768 (1) on pages 20-21, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3768.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/28559