Implementasi Kebijakan Program Pengembangan Komoditas Pada Kawasan Strategi Kabupaten Di Kabupaten Bone

This study purposed to analyze and describe the implementation of commodity development program policies in the strategy area at Bone Regency. The research method used  descriptive qualitative. The number of informants in the study were 15 people. Data collection used observation, interview, and documentation techniques. Data analysis were data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. The results of this study showed that the implementation of the Commodity Development Program Policy in the Strategic Area in Bone Regency was good, this was seen from the collaboration of the implementor in carrying out its duties but there were difficulties that got by the government especially in providing data and information about the superior commodities owned by the CWC. Commodity development programs in the CWC in Bone Regency especially in Palakka Sub-District, Awangpone and Barebbo greatly helped to increase the income of the local community with this program the community could find out how to develop superior commodities in the CWC region it had been  realization  in the CWC area.

Serum Alpha 1 Antitrypsin and Pulmonary Emphysema

Using isoelectric focusing (lEE) and radial immunodiffusion (RID) techniques, serum samples from 100 normal healthy adults and 21 patients with pulmonary emphysema were analysed to identify varioud alpha 1 antitrypsin phenotypes and the Seru m concentrations,Ten percent of the patients had low serum values. The normal or most common genetic form, MM, is the predominant phenotype in both controls and patients (JPMA 46:102, 1996)

A degenerate three-level laser with a parametric amplifier

The aim of this paper is to study the squeezing and statistical properties of the light produced by a degenerate three-level laser whose cavity contains a degenerate parametric amplifier. In this quantum optical system the top and bottom levels of the three-level atoms injected into the laser cavity are coupled by the pump mode emerging from the parametric amplifier. For a linear gain coefficient of 100 and for a cavity damping constant of 0.8, the maximum intracavity squeezing is found at steady state and at threshold to be 93%.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, published versio

Setaria cervi: enzymes of glycolysis and PEP-succinate pathway

Setaria cervi, the filarial parasite inhabiting the Indian water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis Linn.) contained almost all the enzymes involved in glycogen degradation. Significant activities of glycogen phosphorylase, glucokinase, phosphoglucomutase, phosphoglucose isomerase, phosphofructokinase, FDP-aldolase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphopyruvate hydratase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase were detected in cell-free extracts of whole worms. The presence of PEP-carboxykinase, malate dehydrogenase, fumarase and fumarate reductase revealed the functioning of the PEP-succinate pathway in addition to phosphorylating glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway in the parasite. Excepting fumarate reductase all other enzymes were localized in the particulate-free cytosol fraction, although small amounts of glycogen phosphorylase, aldolase and lactate dehydrogenase were also detected in the mitochondrial fraction

Design and optimization of self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) of felodipine for chronotherapeutic application

The objective of this research work was to design, develop and optimize the self micro-emulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) of Felodipine (FL) filled in hard gelatine capsule coated with polymer in order to achieve rapid drug release after a desired time lag in the management of hypertension. Microemulsion is composed of a FL, Lauroglycol FCC, Transcutol P and Cremophor EL. The optimum surfactant to co-surfactant ratio was found to be 2:1. The resultant microemulsions have a particle size in the range of 65-85 nm and zeta potential value of -13.71 mV. FL release was adequately adjusted by using pH independent polymer i.e. ethyl cellulose along with dibutyl phthalate as plasticizer. Influence of formulation variables like viscosity of polymer, type of plasticizer and percent coating weight gain was investigated to characterize the time lag. The developed formulation of FL SMEDDS capsules coated with ethyl cellulose showed time lag of 5-7 h which is desirable for chronotherapeutic application.O objetivo desse trabalho de pesquisa foi planejar, desenvolver e otimizar sistema de liberação de fármaco auto-microemulsificante(SMEDDS) de felodipino (FL) em cápsulas de gelatina dura revestidas com polímero, a fim de obter liberação rápida após tempo desejado no manejo da hipertensão. A microemulsão é composta de FL, lauroglilcol FCC, Transcutol P e Cremophor EL. A proporção ótima de tensoativo e de co-tensoativo foi de 2:1. As microemulsões resultantes têm tamanho de partícula na faixa de 65-85 nm com potencial zeta de -13,71 mV. A liberação de FL foi ajustada adequadamente, utilizando-se polímero independente de pH, como etilcelulose com ftalato de dibutila como plastificante. A influência das variáveis da formulação, como viscosidade do polímero, tipo de plastificante e ganho percentual de peso do revestimento foi investigada para caracterizar o intervalo de tempo de liberação. A formulação de cápsulas de FL SMEDDS revestidas com etilcelulose mostrou intervalo de tempo de liberação de 5 a 7 horas, o que é desejável para uma aplicação cronoterapêutica

Factors determining hemoglobin carbamylation in renal failure

Factors determining hemoglobin carbamylation in renal failure. Carbamylated hemoglobin (carhb) is formed by the reaction of hemoglobin with cyanate, a product of in vivo urea dissociation. It is found in high levels in patients with renal failure and may be useful in their clinical evaluation. Accordingly, we measured carhb by HPLC after acid hydrolysis in 73 patients with renal failure and 11 controls. Mean carhb levels, (expressed as μg valine hydantoin/g Hb), were highest in chronic renal failure (CRF, 146 ± 13), intermediate in end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis (ESRD, 106 ± 7), and lowest in acute renal failure (ARF, 80 ± 12) when compared to normal subjects (27 ± 2). In all patients carhb was significantly correlated with BUN but not with creatinine, bicarbonate, or phosphate. For any level of BUN above 80 mg/dl, carhb was substantially higher in CRF than in ARF. Predialysis BUN and urea reduction ratio (URR) were significant predictors of carhb in ESRD. To investigate the effect of time of exposure and BUN level on the rate of carbamylation of hemoglobin, blood from normal subjects and dialysis patients was incubated in vitro with urea equivalent to BUN levels of 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/dl and assayed for carhb at 0, 5, 9, and 14 days. Carhb increased linearly over the first nine days of urea exposure and leveled off thereafter. The rate of carbamylation increased as BUN increased and was significantly higher in hemoglobin from dialysis patients than from normal subjects. These results show that the higher the level of carhb at baseline, the higher the rate of carbamylation upon exposure to increasing urea concentrations. We conclude that carhb formation is dependent on urea concentration and length of exposure to urea. The rate of carhb formation for a given urea concentration is greater in hemoglobin already carbamylated, and this may explain why carhb is higher in CRF than in ARF at BUN levels greater than 80 mg/dl. Carhb may thus be a useful index of the duration and degree of exposure to high blood urea levels in patients with renal failure, and may potentially serve as an index of the adequacy of dialysis

Air Conditioning Using Radiant Cooling System

A Radiant cooling system alludes to a temperature-controlled surface that cools indoor temperatures by evacuating sensible heat and where the greater part of heat exchange happens through thermal radiation. Heat will spill out of objects, occupants, equipment and lights in a space to a cooled surface the length of their temperatures are hotter than that of the cooled surface and they are inside the observable pathway of the cooled surface. The procedure of radiant exchange negligibly effects on air temperature, yet through the procedure of convection, the air temperature will be brought down when air interacts with the cooled surface. Radiant cooling system utilizes the inverse impact of Radiant cooling system, which depends on the procedure of heat spill out of a warmed surface to items and inhabitants

Surgical Outcome of Cerebellopontine Angle Tumours by Retrosigmoid Approach

Objective: To determine the microsurgical outcome of cerebellopontine angle tumours by the retrosigmoid approach. Study Design: Quasi experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Departments of Neurosurgery Lahore General Hospital and mayo hospital, Lahore from January 1998 to June 2015. Materials and Methods: Four hundred and fifty six patients of cerebellopontine angle tumours of various histologies were operated at the Departments of Neurosurgery, Lahore General Hospital and mayo hospital, Lahore, from Jan 1998 to June 2015. All patients with unilateral or bilateral lesions from 15 to 65 yrs of age and with all different pathologies in cerebellopontine angle were included in the study. Complete blood count, X-Ray Chest and MRI Brain plain and with I.V contrast were done. Patients with pre-operative radiosurgery, multiple surgeries and those unfit for surgery were excluded from the study. All patients were operated under general anaesthesia by retrosigmoid approach in park bench position. Preservation of the facial nerve was attempted in all cases. Post op facial nerve status was compared with pre-op grade by House – Brackman grading. Post op development of hydrocephalus and other cranial nerve complications were also noted and overall morbidity and mortality was studied.Results: Four hundred and fifty six patients, 274 men (60.1%) and 182 women (39.9%), underwent micro-surgical excision of cerebellopontine angle tumours. 410 (89.9%) patients were vestibular schwannomas,22 (4.8%) were meningioma, 9 (1.9%) were epidermoid and 13 (2.8%) were all other pathologies in cerebello-pontine angle tumours. Patient ages ranged from 15 to 65 years (mean 44.11±8.41 years). All patients were operated by the Retrosigmoid approach. Complete resection was achieved in 237 patients (51.9%), subtotal resection (STR) in 209 patients (45.8%), and near-total resection (NTR) in 10 patients (2.1%). Good facial nerve outcomes (House-Brackmann [HB] Grades I-III) were achieved in 82% of the patients who had undergone either NTR or STR, as compared with 73% of patients who had undergone gross-total resection (GTR). Complications included wound infection (2 patients), delayed CSF leakage 10 (2.1% of patients), hydrocephalus requiring VP shunt in 15 (3.2%), basal cranial nerve palsy in 45 patients (9.8%) and mortality in 10 (2.1%). Conclusion: Retrosigmoid approach is relatively easy and safe approach for cerebellopontine angle tumour. Tumours of all sizes can be operated completely and facial nerve can be identified and saved with this approach with less operative time and less chances of CSF leak