Hydrodynamic correlations in shear flow: A Multiparticle--Collision--Dynamics simulation study

The nonequilibrium hydrodynamic correlations of a Multiparticle-Collision-Dynamics (MPC) fluid in shear flow are studied by analytical calculations and simulations. The Navier-Stokes equations for a MPC fluid are linearized about the shear flow and the hydrodynamic modes are evaluated as an expansion in the momentum vector. The shear-rate dependence and anisotropy of the transverse and longitudinal velocity correlations are analyzed. We demonstrate that hydrodynamic correlations in shear flow are anisotropic, specifically, the two transverse modes are no longer identical. In addition, our simulations reveal the directional dependence of the frequency and attenuation of the longitudinal velocity correlation function. Furthermore, the velocity autocorrelation functions of a tagged fluid particle in shear flow are determined. The simulations results for various hydrodynamic correlations agree very well with the theoretical predictions.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure

Thermostat for non-equilibrium multiparticle collision dynamics simulations

Multiparticle collision dynamics (MPC), a particle-based mesoscale simulation technique for com- plex fluid, is widely employed in non-equilibrium simulations of soft matter systems. To maintain a defined thermodynamic state, thermalization of the fluid is often required for certain MPC variants. We investigate the influence of three thermostats on the non-equilibrium properties of a MPC fluid under shear or in Poiseuille flow. In all cases, the local velocities are scaled by a factor, which is either determined via a local simple scaling approach (LSS), a Monte Carlo-like procedure (MCS), or by the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution of kinetic energy (MBS). We find that the various scal- ing schemes leave the flow profile unchanged and maintain the local temperature well. The fluid viscosities extracted from the various simulations are in close agreement. Moreover, the numerically determined viscosities are in remarkably good agreement with the respective theoretically predicted values. At equilibrium, the calculation of the dynamic structure factor reveals that the MBS method closely resembles an isothermal ensemble, whereas the MCS procedure exhibits signatures of an adi- abatic system at larger collision-time steps. Since the velocity distribution of the LSS approach is non-Gaussian, we recommend to apply the MBS thermostat, which has been shown to produce the correct velocity distribution even under non-equilibrium conditions.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures in Phys. Rev. E, 201

Taking Synchrony Seriously: A Perceptual-Level Model of Infant Synchrony Detection

Synchrony detection between different sensory and/or motor channels appears critically important for young infant learning and cognitive development. For example, empirical studies demonstrate that audio-visual synchrony aids in language acquisition. In this paper we compare these infant studies with a model of synchrony detection based on the Hershey and Movellan (2000) algorithm augmented with methods for quantitative synchrony estimation. Four infant-model comparisons are presented, using audio-visual stimuli of increasing complexity. While infants and the model showed learning or discrimination with each type of stimuli used, the model was most successful with stimuli comprised of one audio and one visual source, and also with two audio sources and a dynamic-face visual motion source. More difficult for the model were stimuli conditions with two motion sources, and more abstract visual dynamics—an oscilloscope instead of a face. Future research should model the developmental pathway of synchrony detection. Normal audio-visual synchrony detection in infants may be experience-dependent (e.g., Bergeson, et al., 2004)

A comparative study on effectiveness of movement based treatment and bobath technique and in MCA stroke patients

INTRODUCTION : New developments in stroke treatment included changes in stroke care and the necessity to concentrate this care in specialized and well organized manner. In terms of rehabilitation different approaches focus on the modification of impairment and improvement in function within everyday activities. A number of different physiotherapy approaches e.g. Bobath approach, Motor Re-learning approach, Brunnstrom, Rood approach, Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation have been developed based on different ideas about how people recover after a stroke. OBJECTIVES : A Comparative study on effectiveness of movement based treatment and Bobath Technique on MCA Stroke Patients. DESIGN: Pre-test, post-test two group experimental study design. PARTICIPANTS : Thirty subjects aged 40-55 years with middle cerebral artery stroke patients were selected under purposive sampling technique and assigned in two groups with 15 subjects each,one group received bobath based technique and other group received movement based treatment for a period of 4weeks.\ud INTERVENTION : Bobath based and movement based treatment is given to middle cerebral artery stroke patients for 30 minutes per day. OUTCOME MEASURES : Functional independence measure scale is used to measure functional outcome before and after treatment. RESULT : There is significant difference in functional independence between patients receiving bobath technique and movement based treatment. CONCLUSION : It can concluded that there is significant difference in functional independence of both groups in middle cerebral artery stroke patients

On two finless porpoise Neophocaena phocaenoides landed at Malpe Fishing Harbour, Udupi district, Karnataka.

Two finless porposies Neophocaenan phocaenoides were caught by purseseine and landed at Malpe Fishing Harbour On 06-11-2003. Both the animals were auctioned for Rs. 660.Enquiries with the purseseiner which brought the porposies, revealed that they were caught from a depth of 15 m along with the catch of sardine, mackerel and rainbow sardine. The mesh size of the purseseine was 18 mm

Dietary and nutritional approaches for prevention and management of type 2 diabetes.

Common ground on dietary approaches for the prevention, management, and potential remission of type 2 diabetes can be found, argue Nita G Forouhi and colleagues Dietary factors are of paramount importance in the management and prevention of type 2 diabetes. Despite progress in formulating evidence based dietary guidance, controversy and confusion remain. In this article, we examine the evidence for areas of consensus as well as ongoing uncertainty or controversy about dietary guidelines for type 2 diabetes. What is the best dietary approach? Is it possible to achieve remission of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle behaviour changes or is it inevitably a condition causing progressive health decline? We also examine the influence of nutrition transition and population specific factors in the global context and discuss future directions for effective dietary and nutritional approaches to manage type 2 diabetes and their implementation.NGF receives funding from the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit (MC_UU_12015/5)

Acute Kidney Injury in Severe Trauma Patients; a Record-Based Retrospective Study

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and devastating clinical issue in the community associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Objective: We aimed at estimating the frequency and levels of severity of AKI in trauma patients requiring hospital admission using the RIFLE criteria and assess their outcome. Method: Our retrospective record based study enrolled data of 80 participants aged 18-59 years who presented to the emergency department of KIMS hospital following an acute traumatic event. Participants with pre-existing renal dysfunction, chronic heart failure and chronic liver disease were excluded. Tests of significance were Chi square and independent sample t test, a p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Participants with AKI had significantly lower age (p=0.02) and lower revised trauma score (RTS) (p=0.01). Significant association of AKI with hypotension (p=0.01) and Glasgow coma scale (GCS) (p=0.008) was observed. No association of AKI with gender was observed (p=0.6). None of the AKI patients required renal replacement therapy and all participants attained normal renal function at discharge. Significantly longer mean duration of hospital stay (14.4 days) was observed among AKI patients (p=0.02). Totally, 6.3 % mortality was observed among both participants with and without AKI. Conclusion: Forty percent of acute trauma patients had AKI (in risk and injury category); but none were in failure, loss or end stage renal disease. No association of AKI and mortality was observed. AKI was associated with age, RTS, hypotension and GCS

Scrub Typhus with Multiple Cranial Nerve Palsy: A Rare Case Presentation

Scrub typhus, a rickettsial disease endemic in several parts of India, usually presents with acute symptoms. It is causedby small intracellular Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the Rickettsiaceae family. Optic neuritis and lateral rectus palsymay be associated with a range of autoimmune disorders, infectious diseases and raised intracranial tension. In this case,we report optic neuritis and lateral rectus palsy induced by Orientia tsutsugamushi. We report a case of a 23-year-old womanpresenting with complaints of high-grade fever, vomiting and generalized swelling since 5 days. During this febrile period,on 4/10/2021, she complained of difficulty in vision and double vision. She was found to be positive for scrub typhus on5/10/2021. Optic neuritis was diagnosed on the basis of ophthalmologic examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)brain. Investigation was done to rule out autoimmune disorders (vasculitis and connective tissue diseases). Rickettsial opticneuritis was confirmed by detection of specific antibodies in serum and the negativity of other serologic tests. Fever, eschar,history of tick exposure and supportive diagnostic tests usually lead to the diagnosis. This case aims to raise awarenessamong the healthcare providers for this type of association. Scrub typhus should be included in the differential diagnosiswhen a patient presents with fever with or without eschar and isolated or multiple cranial nerve palsy

Assessment of prevalence and risk factors of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in tertiary care hospital

Background: Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia are two conditions in which high blood pressure essentially complicates pregnancy by causing oedema and/or albuminuria. The present study was undertaken among pregnant women to determine the prevalence of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia as well as to assess the association between risk factors and pre-eclampsia, risk factors and eclampsia and to determine the complications of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. Method: A prospective observational study was conducted over a period of six months at obstetrics inpatient department of Basaveshwara Medical college and hospital, Chitradurga. Results: Total of 583 pregnant women who visited the inpatient department were enrolled, out of which study showed that the prevalence of pre-eclampsia was 91 (15.67%) and eclampsia was 54 (9.26%). A statistically varied significance level of p=0.00001 to 0.05 for risk factors such as age, primigravida, birth interval, pre-existing disease, placental abnormalities, multiple pregnancy, past history, proteinuria were found to be associated with pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. The complications such as pre-term birth, neonatal death HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets), Foetal growth restriction were found. Out of which pre-term birth was the most observed complication in both pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. Conclusions: Considering the significant association between the risk factors and pre-eclampsia, eclampsia from the study we conclude that early diagnosis is essential. Lack of antenatal care, limited access to medical facility and lack of resources have influenced in late diagnosis in our set up. As evidenced by study proper awareness should be provided to the pregnant women