99 research outputs found
Towards an understanding of the Of?p star HD 191612: optical spectroscopy
We present extensive optical spectroscopy of the early-type magnetic star HD
191612 (O6.5f?pe-O8fp). The Balmer and HeI lines show strongly variable
emission which is highly reproducible on a well-determined 538-d period. Metal
lines and HeII absorptions (including many selective emission lines but
excluding He II 4686A emission) are essentially constant in line strength, but
are variable in velocity, establishing a double-lined binary orbit with P(orb)
= 1542d, e=0.45. We conduct a model-atmosphere analysis of the primary, and
find that the system is consistent with a O8: giant with a B1: main-sequence
secondary. Since the periodic 538-d changes are unrelated to orbital motion,
rotational modulation of a magnetically constrained plasma is strongly favoured
as the most likely underlying `clock'. An upper limit on the equatorial
rotation is consistent with this hypothesis, but is too weak to provide a
strong constraint.Comment: Accepted for MNRA
The Galactic WN stars: Spectral analyses with line-blanketed model atmospheres versus stellar evolution models with and without rotation
CONTEXT: Very massive stars pass through the Wolf-Rayet (WR) stage before
they finally explode. Details of their evolution have not yet been safely
established, and their physics are not well understood. Their spectral analysis
requires adequate model atmospheres, which have been developed step by step
during the past decades and account in their recent version for line blanketing
by the millions of lines from iron and iron-group elements. However, only very
few WN stars have been re-analyzed by means of line-blanketed models yet.
AIMS: The quantitative spectral analysis of a large sample of Galactic WN
stars with the most advanced generation of model atmospheres should provide an
empirical basis for various studies about the origin, evolution, and physics of
the Wolf-Rayet stars and their powerful winds.
METHODS: We analyze a large sample of Galactic WN stars by means of the
Potsdam Wolf-Rayet (PoWR) model atmospheres, which account for iron line
blanketing and clumping. The results are compared with a synthetic population,
generated from the Geneva tracks for massive star evolution. RESULTS: We obtain
a homogeneous set of stellar and atmospheric parameters for the Galactic WN
stars, partly revising earlier results.
CONCLUSIONS: Comparing the results of our spectral analyses of the Galactic
WN stars with the predictions of the Geneva evolutionary calculations, we
conclude that there is rough qualitative agreement. However, the quantitative
discrepancies are still severe, and there is no preference for the tracks that
account for the effects of rotation. It seems that the evolution of massive
stars is still not satisfactorily understood.Comment: 19 pages, 11 figures, A&A, in press, additional Online-material on
http://www.astro.physik.uni-potsdam.de/abstracts/galwn.htm
3EG J2016+3657: Confirming an EGRET Blazar Behind the Galactic Plane
We recently identified the blazar-like radio source G74.87+1.22 (B2013+370)
as the counterpart of the high-energy gamma-ray source 3EG J2016+3657 in the
Galactic plane. However, since most blazar identifications of EGRET sources are
only probabilistic in quality even at high Galactic latitude, and since there
also exists a population of unidentified Galactic EGRET sources, we sought to
obtain additional evidence to support our assertion that 3EG J2016+3657 is a
blazar. These new observations consist of a complete set of classifications for
the 14 brightest ROSAT X-ray sources in the error circle, of which B2013+370
remains the most likely source of the gamma-rays. We also obtained further
optical photometry of B2013+370 itself which shows that it is variable,
providing additional evidence of its blazar nature. Interestingly, this field
contains, in addition to the blazar, the plerionic supernova remnant CTB 87,
which is too distant to be the EGRET source, and three newly discovered
cataclysmic variables, all five of these X-ray sources falling within 16' of
each other. This illustrates the daunting problem of obtaining complete
identifications of EGRET sources in the Galactic plane.Comment: 16 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical
Journa
Evaluation of the functional efficacy of an antioxidative probiotic in healthy volunteers
BACKGROUND: In persons without clinical symptom it is difficult to assess an impact of probiotics regarding its effect on health. We evaluated the functional efficacy of the probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum ME-3 in healthy volunteers by measuring the influence of two different formulations on intestinal lactoflora, fecal recovery of the probiotic strain and oxidative stress markers of blood and urine after 3 weeks consumption. METHODS: Two 3-week healthy volunteer trials were performed. Open placebo controlled (OPC) study participants (n = 21) consumed either goat milk or by L. fermentum ME-3 fermented goat milk (daily dose 11.8 log CFU (Colony Forming Units). Double blind randomised placebo controlled (DBRP) study participants (n = 24) received either capsules with L. fermentum ME-3 (daily of dose 9.2 CFU) or placebo capsules. The faecal lactoflora composition, faecal ME-3 recovery, effect of the consumption on intestinal lactoflora, and oxidative stress markers of blood (total antioxidative activity; total antioxidative status and glutathione red-ox ratio) was measured. RESULTS: ME-3 was well tolerated and a significant increase in total faecal lactobacilli yet no predominance of ME-3 was detected in all study groups. Faecal recovery of ME-3 was documented by molecular methods only in fermented milk group, however the significant improvement of blood TAA (Total Antioxidative Activity) and TAS (Total Antioxidative Status) indices was seen both in case of fermented goat milk and capsules", yet glutathione re-ox ratio values decreased only in case of fermented by ME-3 goat milk. CONCLUSION: The functional efficacy of both consumed formulations of an antioxidative probiotic L. fermentum ME-3 is proved by the increase of the intestinal lactobacilli counts providing putative defence against enteric infections and by reduction of the oxidative stress indices of blood and urine of healthy volunteers. In non-diseased host the probiotic health claims can be assessed by improvement of some measurable laboratory indices of well-established physiological functions of host, e.g. markers of antioxidative defence system
Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Renal Patients and Healthy Subjects
The first goal of this study was to measure the oxidative stress (OS) and relate it to lipoprotein variables in 35 renal patients before dialysis (CKD), 37 on hemodialysis (HD) and 63 healthy subjects. The method for OS was based on the ratio of cholesteryl esters (CE) containing C18/C16 fatty acids (R2) measured by gas chromatography (GC) which is a simple, direct, rapid and reliable procedure. The second goal was to investigate and identify a triacylglycerol peak on GC, referred to as TG48 (48 represents the sum of the three fatty acids carbon chain lengths) which was markedly increased in renal patients compared to healthy controls. We measured TG48 in patients and controls. Mass spectrometry (MS) and MS twice in tandem were used to analyze the fatty acid composition of TG48. MS showed that TG48 was abundant in saturated fatty acids (SFAs) that were known for their pro-inflammatory property. TG48 was significantly and inversely correlated with OS. Renal patients were characterized by higher OS and inflammation than healthy subjects. Inflammation correlated strongly with TG, VLDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein (apo) C-III and apoC-III bound to apoB-containing lipoproteins, but not with either total cholesterol or LDL-cholesterol
Effect of rosuvastatin on outcomes in chronic haemodialysis patients – design and rationale of the AURORA study
BACKGROUND: Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are at high risk of cardiovascular events. Multiple risk factors for atherosclerosis are present in ESRD and may contribute to the increased risk of cardiovascular mortality in this population. In contrast to patients with normal renal function, the benefits of modifying lipid levels on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with ESRD on haemodialysis have yet to be confirmed in large prospective randomised trials. A study to evaluate the Use of Rosuvastatin in subjects On Regular haemodialysis: an Assessment of survival and cardiovascular events (AURORA) will be the first large-scale international trial to assess the effects of statin therapy on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in ESRD patients on chronic haemodialysis. METHODS: More than 2,750 ESRD patients who have been receiving chronic haemodialysis treatment for at least 3 months have been randomised (1:1), irrespective of baseline lipid levels, to treatment with rosuvastatin 10 mg or placebo. The primary study endpoint is the time to a major cardiovascular event (first occurrence of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction or non-fatal stroke). Secondary endpoints include all-cause mortality, major cardiovascular event-free survival time, time to cardiovascular death, time to non-cardiovascular death, cardiovascular interventions, tolerability of treatment and health economic costs per life-year saved. Study medication will be given until 620 subjects have experienced a major cardiovascular event. CONCLUSION: Our hypothesis is that results from AURORA will establish the clinical efficacy and tolerability of rosuvastatin in patients with ESRD receiving chronic haemodialysis and guide the optimal management of this expanding population
Hemodialysis Removes Uremic Toxins That Alter the Biological Actions of Endothelial Cells
Chronic kidney disease is linked to systemic inflammation and to an increased risk of ischemic heart disease and atherosclerosis. Endothelial dysfunction associates with hypertension and vascular disease in the presence of chronic kidney disease but the mechanisms that regulate the activation of the endothelium at the early stages of the disease, before systemic inflammation is established remain obscure. In the present study we investigated the effect of serum derived from patients with chronic kidney disease either before or after hemodialysis on the activation of human endothelial cells in vitro, as an attempt to define the overall effect of uremic toxins at the early stages of endothelial dysfunction. Our results argue that uremic toxins alter the biological actions of endothelial cells and the remodelling of the extracellular matrix before signs of systemic inflammatory responses are observed. This study further elucidates the early events of endothelial dysfunction during toxic uremia conditions allowing more complete understanding of the molecular events as well as their sequence during progressive renal failure
Lipopolysaccharide Diversity Evolving in Helicobacter pylori Communities through Genetic Modifications in Fucosyltransferases
Helicobacter pylori persistently colonizes the gastric mucosa of half the human population. It is one of the most genetically diverse bacterial organisms and subvariants are continuously emerging within an H. pylori population. In this study we characterized a number of single-colony isolates from H. pylori communities in various environmental settings, namely persistent human gastric infection, in vitro bacterial subcultures on agar medium, and experimental in vivo infection in mice. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O-antigen chain revealed considerable phenotypic diversity between individual cells in the studied bacterial communities, as demonstrated by size variable O-antigen chains and different levels of Lewis glycosylation. Absence of high-molecular-weight O-antigen chains was notable in a number of experimentally passaged isolates in vitro and in vivo. This phenotype was not evident in bacteria obtained from a human gastric biopsy, where all cells expressed high-molecular-weight O-antigen chains, which thus may be the preferred phenotype for H. pylori colonizing human gastric mucosa. Genotypic variability was monitored in the two genes encoding α1,3-fucosyltransferases, futA and futB, that are involved in Lewis antigen expression. Genetic modifications that could be attributable to recombination events within and between the two genes were commonly detected and created a diversity, which together with phase variation, contributed to divergent LPS expression. Our data suggest that the surrounding environment imposes a selective pressure on H. pylori to express certain LPS phenotypes. Thus, the milieu in a host will select for bacterial variants with particular characteristics that facilitate adaptation and survival in the gastric mucosa of that individual, and will shape the bacterial community structure
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