Valuation of environmental public goods and services at different spatial scales: a review

To manage environmental problems in an adequate way, it is essential to take different spatial scales into consideration. As a tool for decision making, it would be beneficial if valuation methods take spatial scales into account as well. In this article, we review the valuation literature with regard to the spatial scales of environmental public goods and services to which the contingent valuation method, hedonic pricing method, and travel cost method have been applied in the past. We classified 117 environmental case studies to the local, landscape/watershed, regional, and global scales. These case studies cover a broad range of environmental goods and services, such as green space in a city, air quality, rivers, natural areas, and a stable climate system. Additionally, we took into account the year of publication of the case studies. Our results show that the majority of the environmental case studies are related to the local and landscape/watershed scales. However, the number of case studies on the regional and global scales has been increasing in recent years. This article argues that such a change in spatial scale calls for a debate on scaling issues in the field of environmental valuation.

Yeast cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase

AbstractWe have purified cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The purified enzyme was inactive in the absence of cyclic AMP and displayed two protein bands on SDS gel electrophoresis. One was identified as the cAMP-binding protein by chromatography on cAMP-agarose. Mr of the latter was 50 000 while the catalytic subunit had an Mr of 59 000. The enzyme accepted yeast phosphorylase, glycogen synthase and fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase as substrates. No inhibition by the mammalian protein kinase inhibitor was observed

Stellar Populations in Barred Galaxies

We developed an iterative technique to better characterize stellar populations and the central activity of barred galaxies using evolutionary synthesis codes and OASIS data. The case of NGC5430 is presented here. Our results are reinforcing the role played by the bar and nuclear structures for the evolution of galaxies.Comment: 2 pages, 1 figure, to be published in the proceedings of IAU Symp. 262 "Stellar Populations - Planing for the Next Decate" (Aug. 2009