„Organigramm mit Gott“. Anregungen zu einer Organisationsanalyse mit einer positionsorientierten Aufstellung - Ein Fallbeispiel

Wir stellen hier anhand eines Beispiels eine Methode vor, die dem Soziodrama entlehnt ist, die Organisation fokussieren soll, dabei die (erzählten) Elemente der Organisation miteinander in Beziehung setzt und diese in phantasierte Dialoge umsetzt

Increased peri- and post-elective cesarean section morbidity in women infected with human immunodeficiency virus-1: a case-controlled multicenter study

Objective: Although elective cesarean section (ECS) is the currently recommended modality for delivering women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), historical evidence suggests that they are at higher risk of postoperative complications than noninfected women. Those risks have to be carefully balanced against the presumed minimal benefit of ECS, especially in the case of low viral load and high CD4 counts. We therefore compared the incidence and type of post-ECS complications in HIV-infected women, most with low viral loads and high CD4 cell counts, with those in matched noninfected women treated by the same surgical teams. Study design: A Swiss 8-center, prospective, matched case-control study compared minor and major post-ECS complication prevalence, hospital stay and confounding factors (surgeon experience) between HIV-infected and noninfected women. Results: Minor complications in the 53 matched pairs were eightfold more frequent overall in infected women. More frequent specific minor complications were anemia, blood loss and urinary tract infection. Yet the surgeons performing ECS in infected women were more experienced. Complications prolonged hospital stay in infected women. Major complication rates did not significantly differ between the groups. Conclusion: HIV-positive women have a higher risk of post-ECS morbidity, even with high CD4 counts and low viral load. Therefore, the blanket recommendation of ECS in HIV-infected women requires a revie

A single vaccination of commercial broilers does not reduce transmission of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza

Vaccination of chickens has become routine practice in Asian countries in which H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is endemically present. This mainly applies to layer and breeder flocks, but broilers are usually left unvaccinated. Here we investigate whether vaccination is able to reduce HPAI H5N1 virus transmission among broiler chickens. Four sets of experiments were carried out, each consisting of 22 replicate trials containing a pair of birds. Experiments 1-3 were carried out with four-week-old birds that were unvaccinated, and vaccinated at day 1 or at day 10 of age. Experiment 4 was carried out with unvaccinated day-old broiler chicks. One chicken in each trial was inoculated with H5N1 HPAI virus. One chicken in each trial was inoculated with virus. The course of the infection chain was monitored by serological analysis, and by virus isolation performed on tracheal and cloacal swabs. The analyses were based on a stochastic SEIR model using a Bayesian inferential framework. When inoculation was carried out at the 28th day of life, transmission was efficient in unvaccinated birds, and in birds vaccinated at first or tenth day of life. In these experiments estimates of the latent period (~1.0 day), infectious period (~3.3 days), and transmission rate parameter (~1.4 per day) were similar, as were estimates of the reproduction number (~4) and generation interval (~1.4 day). Transmission was significantly less efficient in unvaccinated chickens when inoculation was carried out on the first day of life. These results show that vaccination of broiler chickens does not reduce transmission, and suggest that this may be due to the interference of maternal immunity

Herd immunity to Newcastle disease virus in poultry by vaccination

Newcastle disease is an economically important disease of poultry for which vaccination is applied as a preventive measure in many countries. Nevertheless, outbreaks have been reported in vaccinated populations. This suggests that either the vaccination coverage level is too low or that vaccination does not provide perfect immunity, allowing the virus to spread in partially vaccinated populations. Here we study the requirements of an epidemiologically effective vaccination program against Newcastle disease in poultry, based on data from experimental transmission studies. The transmission studies indicate that vaccinated birds with low or undetectable antibody titres may be protected against disease and mortality but that infection and transmission may still occur. In fact, our quantitative analyses show that Newcastle disease virus is highly transmissible in poultry with low antibody titres. As a consequence, herd immunity can only be achieved if a high proportion of birds (>85%) have a high antibody titre (log2 haemagglutination inhibition titre ≥3) after vaccination. We discuss the implications for the control of Newcastle disease in poultry by vaccination

Verantwortungsdarstellung und Verantwortungswahrnehmung in der 1. Welle der COVID-19-Pandemie: Ein mehrmethodischer Ansatz

Zu Beginn der COVID-19-Pandemie reagierte der Großteil der betroffenen Länder mit Maßnahmen, die das öffentliche Leben weitgehend einschränkten. Gleichzeitig baten Politiker:innen und andere gesellschaftliche Akteur:innen die Menschen, Abstand zu halten und zu Hause zu bleiben. Vor diesem Hintergrund stellt sich die Frage, wer für Ursachen und Lösungen der Pandemie als verantwortlich wahrgenommen wurde. Maßgeblich geprägt wird eine solche Verantwortungswahrnehmung durch deren Darstellung in der medialen Berichterstattung mittels Responsibility Frames. Entsprechend setzt sich der vorliegende Beitrag mit den Responsibility Frames in der Berichterstattung zu COVID-19 sowie der Verantwortungswahrnehmung seitens der Bevölkerung in der ersten Welle der Pandemie in Deutschland auseinander. Zu diesem Zweck wurden eine teilstandardisierte Inhaltsanalyse der Printberichterstattung sowie eine bevölkerungsrepräsentative Online-Panelbefragung im Zeitraum Januar bis Mai 2020 durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Medien insbesondere gesellschaftliche Verantwortung hervorhoben, während die Bevölkerung komplexere Verantwortungsattributionen aufwies. Insgesamt aber waren, anders als in der Berichterstattung, individuelle Verantwortungszuschreibungen in der Bevölkerung am stärksten ausgeprägt. Dies ist angesichts der Bedeutung der Verantwortungswahrnehmung für das individuelle Gesundheitsverhalten und die Bereitschaft, politische Maßnahmen zu unterstützen, ein zentraler Befund.At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, most of the affected countries responded with measures that largely restricted public life. At the same time, politicians and other social actors repeatedly asked people to keep their distance and stay at home. Against this backdrop, the question arises as to who was perceived as responsible for causing and fixing the pandemic. Such a perception of responsibility is decisively shaped by its portrayal in media coverage. Accordingly, this article examines the responsibility frames in the reporting on COVID-19 and the perception of responsibility on the part of the population in the first wave of the pandemic in Germany (January to May 2020). For this purpose, a partially standardized content analysis of print coverage and a population-representative online panel survey were conducted. The results indicate that the media mostly emphasized societal responsibilities, while the population showed more complex attributions of responsibility. Overall, however, in contrast to the reporting, attributions of individual responsibility were strongest among the population. This is an important finding, given the importance of the perception of responsibility for individuals’ health behavior and the willingness to support political measures

Acute neurological signs as the predominant clinical manifestation in four dogs with Angiostrongylus vasorum infections in Denmark

Four dogs with acute neurological signs caused by haemorrhages in the central nervous system were diagnosed with Angiostrongylus vasorum infection as the underlying aetiology. Two dogs presented with brain lesions, one dog with spinal cord lesions and one with lesions in both the brain and spinal cord. Only one dog presented with concurrent signs of classical pulmonary angiostrongylosis (respiratory distress, cough), and only two dogs displayed overt clinical signs of haemorrhages. Results of coagulation assays were inconsistent. Neurological signs reflected the site of pathology and included seizures, various cranial nerve deficits, vestibular signs, proprioceptive deficits, ataxia and paraplegia. One dog died and three were euthanised due to lack of improvement despite medical treatment. This emphasises canine angiostrongylosis as a potential cause of fatal lesions of the central nervous system and the importance of including A. vasorum as a differential diagnosis in young dogs with acute neurological signs in Denmark