23 research outputs found

    ”Om vi inte hittar ett bra sätt att kommunicera kommer vi tappa greppet” Distriktssköterskans och hemtjänstens kommunikation ur ett distriktssköterskeperspektiv

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    Antalet personer som är i behov av vård i hemmet ökar. Distriktssköterskan har det övergripande ansvaret för att omvårdnad och hälso- och sjukvårdsinsatser planeras och genomförs med god kvalitet och på ett säkert sätt inom hemsjukvård. Distriktssköterskan har en arbetsledande roll vilket innebär att stödja och handleda andra yrkesgrupper. Med sin kompetens inom pedagogik och ledarskap samt en fördjupad kunskap i kommunikation har distriktssköterskan en unik nyckelposition för främjande av kommunikation. Flertalet hälso- och sjukvårdsinsatser utförs av delegerad hemtjänstpersonal varför samverkan mellan distriktssköterska och hemtjänstpersonal är en viktig del av arbetet. Tidigare forskning av distriktssköterskors erfarenhet av att kommunicera med hemtjänstpersonal är knapphändig. Syftet med denna studie har varit att beskriva distriktssköterskans erfarenheter av kommunikation med hemtjänstpersonal. Studien har genomförts genom en kvalitativ metod utifrån en induktiv ansats. Kvalitativa intervjuer genomfördes med åtta distriktssköterskor verksamma inom hemsjukvård i två kommuner i västra Sverige. Datamaterialet analyserades därefter utifrån en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Tre kategorier framträdde vilka beskriver distriktssköterskans olika sätt att kommunicera, hinder och konsekvenser som påverkar en säker vård samt främjande av kommunikation. Studien visar att mer daglig personlig kontakt mellan distriktssköterska och hemtjänstpersonal samt mer tid för planerade möten och skriftlig kommunikation är förutsättningar för att förbättra kommunikationen. I studiens diskussionsdel diskuteras resultatets huvudfynd relaterad till tidigare forskning.Program: Specialistsjuksköterskeutbildning med inriktning mot distriktsskötersk

    CYBERBULLYING AND ITS EFFECT ONPUPIL’S HEALTH : -FROM A SCHOOL NURSE PERSPECTIVE

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    Bakgrund: Internetanvändandet erbjuder en arena för social interaktion men kan innebära en risk att bli utsatt för nätmobbning. Flera barn och ungdomar beskriver negativa emotionella och psykiska effekter till följd av nätmobbning. I skolsköterskans yrkesansvar ingår att arbeta förebyggande och hälsofrämjande samt att verka för en god fysisk, psykisk och social skolmiljö. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva skolsköterskors erfarenheter av hur nätmobbning påverkar elevers hälsa i mellan- och högstadiet. Metod: Data insamlades genom kvalitativa intervjuer med sju skolsköterskor. Data analyserades med induktiv ansats och kvalitativ innehållsanalys enligt Graneheim och Lundman (2004). Resultat: I analysen framkom att nätmobbning på olika sätt bryter ner elevers välbefinnande. Detta genom att den tär på eleverna, påverkar självbilden, orsakar självdestruktivt beteende och skapar stress. Den kan även påverka utsatta elevers sociala relationer genom att den skapar bristande tillit, utanförskap och i att de uppvisar utåtagerande beteende. Slutsats: Skolsköterskornas erfarenheter stämmer väl överens med tidigare forskningsresultat där barn och ungdomar beskriver hur de påverkats av nätmobbning. Nätmobbning påverkar ibland inte bara den utsatta eleven utan kan även uppfattas som en kollektiv kränkning mot en hel grupp eller familj. Enligt författarna kan nätmobbning ses som en riskfaktor som kan påverka elevers känsla av sammanhang och därmed påverka deras hälsa negativt.Background: The use of internet offers an arena for social interaction but can imply a risk of being subjected for cyberbullying. Several children and youth describe negative emotional and psychological effects as a cause of cyberbullying. It is a part of the school nurse responsibility to work proactive and health- promoting with physical, psychological and social environment in the school.Aim: The purpose of the study was to describe school nurses experience of how cyberbullying affects health of pupils in intermediate- and senior level.Method: Data collection was made by qualitative interviews with seven school nurses. Data was analyzed using an inductive approach to a qualitative content analysis according to Graneheim and Lundman (2004).Results: The analysis showed that cyberbullying has a deteriorating effect on pupil’s wellbeing in various ways. It drains the pupils mentally, affects the self-esteem, causes self destructive behavior and creates stress. It can also affect exposed pupils social relationship by the way it causes degraded self confidence, alienation and acting out behavior.Conclusion: The school nurses experience matches the results from earlier research studies where children and youth describe how they are affected by cyberbullying. Cyberbullying may sometimes affect not only the exposed pupil but also be regarded as a collective insult against a whole group or family. According to the authors, cyberbullying may be seen as a risk factor which can affect the pupil’s sense of coherence and thus affect their health in a negative way

    Effect of protein release rates from tablet formulations on the immune response after sublingual immunization

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    Dry vaccine formulations for sublingual administration would provide great advantages for public healthuse, especially in developing countries, since they are easy to administer and might also have improvedstability properties. This study investigates the influence of protein release rate from mucoadhesive twolayertablets on the elicited antibody responses after sublingual immunization. Two fast release tablets,one based on a mixture of lactose and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and one protein coated ethylcellulose(EC) tablet, and three hydrophilic matrix tablets with extended release (ER) properties based onHPMC 90 SH 100000 or Carbopol\uae 974-P NF were tested. The in vitro release profiles of the model proteinovalbumin (OVA) from these tablets were characterized and correlated to the in vivo potential of the tabletsto induce an immune response after sublingual immunization in BALB/c mice. It could be concludedthat a tablet with fast protein release elicits antibody titres not significantly different from titres obtainedwith OVA in solution, whereas low immune responses were observed with a slow release of OVA from theER formulations. Thus, an ER tablet seems not favorable for vaccine delivery to the sublingual mucosa.Thus, we can present a fast releasing tablet formulation with attractive features for sublingual immunization,whereas the use of ER formulations for sublingual vaccination has to be investigated more indetail

    Preparation and preclinical evaluation of a freeze-dried formulation of a novel combined multivalent whole-cell/B-subunit oral vaccine against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrhea

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    A promising liquid killed multivalent whole-cell plus enterotoxin B-subunit oral vaccine against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), the primary cause of diarrhea among children in low-income countries and travelers to these areas, has recently been developed and tested in preclinical and phase-I and phase-II clinical studies. The vaccine contains killed E. coli bacteria over-expressing the main ETEC colonization factors (CFs) CFA/I, CS3, CS and C6, and a recombinant enterotoxin B subunit protein (LCTBA) given together with a recently developed enterotoxin-derived adjuvant, dmLT. A dry-powder vaccine formulation should be advantageous especially for use in low-income countries. Here we describe a method to produce a dry-powder formulation by freeze-drying of the vaccine using inulin as stabilizer. Although not completely preventing aggregation of bacteria during freeze-drying, the stabilizer provided both improved overall bacterial morphology and almost complete recovery of the CF and B subunit antigens. Most importantly, oral-intragastric immunization of mice with the freeze-dried vaccine together with dmLT adjuvant elicited strong intestinal mucosal and serum antibody responses against all vaccine antigens, which were comparable to those achieved with the liquid vaccine. Our results indicate the feasibility to use freeze-drying with inulin as stabilizer for preparing a dry-powder formulation of the novel ETEC vaccine with retained oral-mucosal immunogenicity compared to the liquid formulation. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

    Sublingual Immunization Protects against Helicobacter pylori Infection and Induces T and B Cell Responses in the Stomach▿

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    Sublingual (SL) immunization has been described as an effective novel way to induce mucosal immune responses in the respiratory and genital tracts. We examined the potential of SL immunization against Helicobacter pylori to stimulate immune responses in the gastrointestinal mucosa and protect against H. pylori infection. Mice received two SL immunizations with H. pylori lysate antigens and cholera toxin as an adjuvant, and after challenge with live H. pylori bacteria, their immune responses and protection were evaluated, as were immune responses prior to challenge. SL immunization induced enhanced proliferative responses to H. pylori antigens in cervicomandibular lymph nodes and provided at least the same level of immune responses and protection as corresponding intragastric immunization. Protection in SL-immunized mice was associated with strong H. pylori-specific serum IgG and IgA antibody responses in the stomach and intestine, with strong proliferation and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) production by spleen and mesenteric lymph node T cells stimulated with H. pylori antigens in vitro, and with increased IFN-γ and IL-17 gene expression in the stomach compared to levels in infected unimmunized mice. Immunohistochemical studies showed enhanced infiltration of CD4+ T cells and CD19+ B cells into the H. pylori-infected stomach mucosa of SL-immunized but not unimmunized H. pylori-infected mice, which coincided with increased expression of the mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule (MAdCAM-1) and T and B cell-attracting chemokines CXCL10 and CCL28. We conclude that, in mice, SL immunization can effectively induce protection against H. pylori infection in association with strong T and B cell infiltration into the stomach
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